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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料初中英语名词语法名词的种类英语中，名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有： 国家名称China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France ;语言 Chinese, Japanese, English, French;人名 /地名 (大到某个省市，小到某个房间)Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai 由普通名词构成的专有名词the Great Wall, the Summer Palac
2、e, the Palace of Museum; the Peoples Hospital。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：(1)个体名词： 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。(2)集体名词 ：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school 。(3)物质名词 ：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。(4)抽象名词 ：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news 。个
3、体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词， 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类。例如有些物质名词也可用作个体名词，意思上有一定变化，这些词需要平时多加记忆。如：glass玻璃 -a glass 玻璃杯iron 铁-an iron 熨斗copper 铜-a copper 铜币 tin 锡-a tin 洋铁罐paper纸-a paper 报纸，证件wood 木头 -a wood 树林精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -
4、第 1 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料又如一些抽象名词，当意思转变而表示某类个体时，就成了个体名词：youth 青春 -a youth 青年人relation 关系 -a relation 亲属democracy 民主-a democracy 民主国家authority 权威 -an authority 权威人士power 威力，电力 -a power 大国 necessity 必要性 -a necessity 必需品 beauty 美-a beauty每人，美的东西练习题：1、-What would you like to dr
5、ink, _ or orange?-Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea D milk 2、When we saw his face, we knew_as bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news D.news 3、In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 4、Whats your _ for being l
6、ate again A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 5、Where are the students ?Are they in _? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 6、The teacher said we needed to choose three _for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 7、-What class are you in_, Mike? -Im in _. A.
7、Grade Three, Class Two B. Class Two, Grade Three C. class two, grade three D. grade three, class two 8、Dont make _so much .The baby is sleeping. A. things B. mistakes C. voice D. noise 9、All the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the _of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. soun
8、d 10、Lao She is the _ of Tea House. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer 答案 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 DBDDD 名词的数 (名词分为不可数和可数两大类)1不可数名词1）不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词。例如：Paris, Europe, h
9、ealth，wood，glass ,advice，information ，news, progress, fun。2）有些集合名词用作不可数：equipment, furniture, machinery, jewellery, clothing,luggage. 3） 只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：学科名称 mathematics， physics， 专有名词 the United States，the United Nations 。4）抽象名词表示具有某种特征，状态，情感，情绪的人或事，如aan surprise (success, beauty, honor, experience,
10、 failure, pity, pleasure ) Have a delicious breakfast a heavy snow , a wonderful time A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. 2可数名词 (可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词) 名词复数构成方法如下：(Formation of the plural of English nouns) 1）一般情况在名词后加-s。例如： desks，days，classes 。 bath, mouth, path, truth, youth 等后加 s 时，
11、读音发生了变化2）以 -s，-x，-ch，-sh 结尾的名词后加-es，读作 iz 。例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 但是 stomach-stomachs 除外。3）以 “ 辅音字母 +o” 结尾的名词后加-es，读作 z。例如： hero, Negro, tomato, potato. 但不少以 -o 结尾的名词，变复数时只加-s。例如： radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos 有些以 -o 结尾的名词有两种复数形式。例如：zero-zeros (zeroes)，volcano-vo
12、lcanoses 但以 -oo 结尾的名词只加-s。例如： bamboo-bamboos， zoo-zoos 4）以 “ 辅音+y” 结尾的名词，把y 改成 i 再加 -es，读作 iz 。例如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料factory factories country-countries 5）以 “ 元音 +y” 结尾的名词，或专有名词以“ y”结尾的，直接在词尾加s，读作 z。例如
13、：boys，toys，Germanys，Henrys 6）以 -f 或-fe 结尾的名词，一般把“ f ”或“ fe ”改成 “v”再加 -es，读作 vz。例如： wife, life, self, leaf, wolf, shelf, knife, half. 但是 roof, gulf, chief, serf, belief, proof,safe 例外加 s。 而 scarf (围巾), hankerchief 则有两种复数形式：scarfs 和 scarves, hankerchiefs和 hankerchieves 字母，单词，引语或缩略语加 s s . two f s in o
14、ff, many VIPs , three don ts 数词的复数形式要在其末尾加s或 es。three sixes and two fours 有些集体名词用作复数：cattle, police, people, poultry。集合名词作整体看时用作单数，而指其成员看时应用其复数形式。这样的词有: class, family, crowd, group, team. 7）不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式。例如：foot-feet child-children mouse-mice 单、 复数形式相同。 例如：a sheep-two sheep a deer-three d
15、eer （鹿） 此外还有 means，fish，works 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、币制等单位的名词,yuan，jiao，fen，jin，mu 等只有复数形式。 例如：trousers，glasses （眼镜），compasses （圆规），thanks，clothes，remains（遗物，遗体） ，ashes （骨灰）， contents（内容）， goods（货物）。表示 “ 某国人 ” 名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。单、复数形式相同，如a Chinese-two Chinese，a Japanese-two Japanese 。这类词包括所有以-ese （或 -ss）结尾的表示
16、民族名称的词，如Swiss，Portuguese等。词尾加 s，如 a German-three Germans，an American-two Americans ，Russians 变词尾 man 为 men 的有： Frenchmanwoman，Irishman, Dutchman, Englishman等。复合名词 (Compound nouns)的复数形式因词而异。例如：主体名词变成复数形式film-goer(s) ，looker(s)-on，sister(s)-in-law 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - -
17、- - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料没有主体名词grown-ups , go-betweens. 两个组成部分皆变为复数形式man servant-men servants woman doctor-women doctors 8）有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。例如：papers 报纸，文件manners 礼貌goods 货物 works 工厂；著作looks 外表 glasses 眼镜greens 青菜 hairs 几根头发times 时代 sands 沙滩，沙地irons 脚镣手铐 drin
18、ks 饮料forces 军队 spirits 酒精，情绪woods 树林advices 报道，情报9）一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现。例如：teas（各种茶），silks（各种丝绸） ，fruits（各种水果）, fishes, foods, three coffees 两杯咖啡The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains. 10）word 一词作 “ 消息 ” 或“ 通知
19、” 解时，前面不加“ a”或“ the ”，也不用复数形式。例如：Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 通知说，星期五开会。 注意下列词组中的单、复数：keep/ break ones word 守（失）信leave word 留言in a word 简言之word for/ by word 逐字地upon my word 说实在话in other words 换句话说eat ones words 收回前言，认错waste ones words 白费口舌have a few words/ a word with 与-说几句话hav
20、e words with 与某人吵嘴名词的所有格 (Genitive nouns) 1表示有生命的东西的名词(-s genitive) 这类名词所有格一般在名词后加“ s ”，其构成形式如下：1）一般名词后加“ s ”。例如： my brothers bag the childrens clothes Have you seen my sister, Kate s bicycle? 2）以 -s 或-es 结尾的专有名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“ ” 。例如： the workers club 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 -
21、 - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料3）以 -s 结尾的专有名词的所有格，以读音z 结尾的，一般可在名词的右上方加“ ”，也可加“ s ”，其读音分别为z、iz 。例如： Engels/ Engelss works, Dickens/ Dickenss books 4）复合名词所有格的词尾“ s ”加在后面的名词之后。例如：her son-in-laws photo 5）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词加“ s ”；如果不是共有的，两个名词后都要加 “ s ”。例如： Jane an
22、d Marys room （共有）Janes and Toms books （不共有）6）在表示 “ 某人家 ” 、“ 店铺 ” 的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的词。例如：at Mr Greens 在格林先生家to my uncles 到我叔叔家at the tailors 在裁缝店at the barbers 在理发店at the doctors 在诊所7） 1.起修饰作用的名词， 如不表示所有关系，通常不用 “ s ”。 例如：room number, a tooth brush, coffee cup, class meeting, student life, word order
23、2 表示无生命东西的名词(of genitive) 这类名词通常采用of+ 名词的结构来表示所有关系。例如： the gate of the school, the window of the room 3有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词也可以加“s ”来构成所有格。 例如： todays newspaper, a ten minutes walk, Chinas industry, six dollars worth, two tons weight 等。4双重所有格(Double genitive) a/ any friend of mine (=one/ an
24、y of my friends) some daughters of Mrs Greens (=some of Mrs Greens daughters) a friend of my mothers 表示部分概念a friend of my mother 只表示所属关系of 前有一定要有 a, an ,two any, some ,several, another 一般不用 one；或 this , that, these, those 表示爱憎褒贬等感情， this (lovely) daughter of my aunt s ,不用 the，of 后必须是特定的人some of pict
25、ures of the student s Tom s you精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 常考的可数名词和不可数名词1. 常考的不可数名词furniture luggage clothing equipment poetry jewelry machinery weaponry scenery informatio
26、n knowledge homework evidence foliage advertising health A : 流体 air water B: 颗粒状物体rice salt C: 抽象名词information D: 总称名词poetry machinery E: 疾病不可数diabetes糖尿病 measles麻疹F: 自然现象rain drops G:学科不可数mathematics economics statistics physics politics mechanics genetics geology geography chemistry philosophy bio
27、logy history 2.常考的不规则单复数man/men woman/women tooth/teeth foot/feet goose/geesebasis/bases analysis/analyses crisis/crises hypothesis/hypotheses axis/axes alga/algae larva/larvae fungus/fungi stimulus/stimuli datum/data bacterium/bacteria medium/mediaspectrum/spectra mouse/mice child/children phenomen
28、on/phenomena radius/radii 3.常考的单复数同型的名词aircraft spacecraft series species means sheep deer bison salmon trout carp 4. 常考的可数名词discovery cloud mineral metal substance population effort effect animal plant mammal insect tree herb shrub element function feature picture result clue star reason audience d
29、evice structure human human being system fashion resource source origin pioneer automobile purpose style response number amount variety quantity type kind influence emotion change 5. 即可数又不可数的名词sugar , cloth , water , detail , paper ,work , light ,science ,form , interest , art , area ,color , diseas
30、e , illness , rock , stone ,matter , food , culture ,noise , liquid , solid , gas , climate , film ,material , population , temperature , experience ,speech ,use time , life , action , activity , study rock(砂岩) rocks(块岩) work( 工作,作品) works( 著作) paper(纸) papers(论文,报告,文件) area(面积) areas(地区,区域) time( 时
31、间) times(次数) room(空间) rooms(房间) water(水) waters(水域) collections 由同一种物品构成 ,可数 his three collections of short stories collection 由不同种物品构成 ,不可数 his art collection 当一个不可数名词表种类时,可数. 可数 /不 可数:有无数的概念抽象/具体advertisement 广 告可数advertising 广告业 不可数精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - -
32、 -第 7 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用 fish可数名词且单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼； fish指“ 鱼肉” 时是不可数名词。 如：There are many fish/kinds of fishes in the pool. ( 池子里有很多鱼 /种类的鱼 )/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼 ) 注：不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人the
33、 Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Americans an American two
34、 Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人the Germans a German two Germans 英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 新目标七年级名词变复数练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、cou
35、ntry 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 二、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料A. are photoes B. a
36、re photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.A. is B. are C .were D. has3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, German D.Japanese, Germans4. That s art book.A. an B. a C. the D. are5. The boys have got already.A. two brea
37、d B. two breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of appleC. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. a
38、re watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.te
39、achers11. In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box三. 写出下列各词的复数形式am is he she it that this you pen desk key orange boy friend parent mother father sister brother son daughter cousin case box card family 按要求变换句型（把 110句变为复数句）1. This is my friend. 2. Thi
40、s is a bike. 3.That is her brother. 4.This is a book. 5.That is an eraser.6.It is a red orange.7.He is a teacher.8. What s this?9.This is my mother.10.He is a Chinese boy. 初中英语名词练习题二精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资
41、料、基本型写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_ 4. city_ 5. dress _6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _ 10. exam_ 11. German _ 12. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day. 13. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old. 14. It is the best one of the _ (照片) in my family. 15. Are they building
42、 any _ (图书馆 ) in the city? 16. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)? 17. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year. 18. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_. 19. I like a_. Its neither hot nor cold.20. T_ comes after Monday. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载
43、 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料、提高型来源：1June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Child s B. Childs C. Childrens D. ChildrensSeptember 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it?A. Teacher s B. T eachersC. Teacher D. Teacher of _ is made of _. A. Glass; glass B. A gl
44、ass; glass C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses 4.This is _ news. A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good 5.what _ it is! Lets go swimming. A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather 6.They like Chinese _. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - -
45、 - - - -第 12 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people 7.Lucy and I go to school _ every day. A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses 8. Are those _? - No, they arent. They re _.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C.
46、sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows 9. What are you listening to,Jane? _ or _? A. a music; a news B. music; news C. music; news D. music; a news 10.How many _ and _ are there in your class? A. boy student; girl ones B. girls students; boys ones C. boys student; girl one D. girl students; boy ones 精品资料 - - -
47、 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料11.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there. A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans 12. That bus driver drank two _. A. glass of water B.
48、 glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea 13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _. A. Bobs motherB. Bobs mother sC. mother of Bob D. Bob mother s14. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher. A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carl sC. Tom and Carl s D. Tom s and Carl 15. There is _ tree in our school.
49、A. a 8-metres-tall B. an-8-metre-tall C. an 8 metres tall D. an 8 metre s tall精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料、综合型1.In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. a few year B. a few yearsC. few years D
50、. a few years2. Did you hear the _ report? A. police B. policemen s C. policemansD. policemens 3. We bought _ for my mothers birthday.A. some meats B. some pieces meat C. a piece of meat D. pieces of meats 4. Whose is this new desk?-It s _.A. Sue and Jim s B. Sue and Jim C. Su es and Jim s D. Sue s