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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一 听力2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）中有关听力的要求：要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义|；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息|；（3）对所听内容做出推断|；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】考试大纲听力测试部分要求考生能听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应具备：1. 了解事实与细节(如时间、地点、数据等)的能力|；2. 揭示对话或独白的主要意义的能力|；3. 明确说话人的语气与意图的能力|；4. 辨认人物的角色和关系的能力|；5. 分析人物的态度和感受的能力|；6. 简单地进行逻辑推理与判
2、断的能力。高考的听力材料多样化|，其内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物和科普常识等方面。常见的关于日常生活的话题有：就餐、问候、邀请、约会、购物、通知、问路、打电话、旅游、住宿、谈论天气、询问时间、寻求/提供帮助、安排、病痛、看法、自然灾害、新闻报道等。 2019年新课标全国卷I英语听力材料话题明细TextTOPICTextTOPICText 1讨论看过的电影Text 6找修鞋的地方Text 2问对方去法国多长时间Text 7讨论点餐Text 3讨论聚会上喝的什么向对方借书卡Text 8约对方谈话Text 4问对方借书卡Text 9讨论去德国发展新项目Text 5想了解去伦敦
3、的火车时间Text 10会议致辞高考听力材料的选用非常重视语言真实性和交际性的原则|，语言材料一般来源于实际生活对话的内容大都取材于日常生活|，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、天气、生活环境等话题|，可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面。考生在解题时可参考以下三个步骤：第一|，听前预测。考生在听录音前|，要快速浏览题干|，根据上下文的已知信息|，预测相关内容。第二|，听中速记。听的过程中全神贯注|，抓住信息点|，争取听清空格内容|，快速记下所需单词|，速记时要有技巧。如用阿拉伯数字几日期、时刻或号码或价格等|；用字母代替地名或人名|，单词用缩写|，短语用首字等|，听力结束后再按要求拼写。第三|，听后
4、检查。考生除了掌握解题技巧外|，平时还应注意多积累相关必备基础知识。如：1时间表达方式 2.学科的名称 3.表示数目的单词 4.年代表达方式5十二月份、日期、星期 6.四个季节 7.金钱的表达方式8.常见地名的拼写 9.国家和国籍考点1数字记录与计算主要考查的知识点：基数词、序数词、分数、百分数。价格、比例。年代、日期、时刻。路程、距离。具体的编号数|，如街道、楼层、房间、电话号码、航班等。复习重点：要掌握时间的几种表达法：half past six|，a quarter to two|，nine twenty|，after before|，early late|，delay等。以teen结尾
5、的数词与以ty结尾的数词的读音和意义的辨别。辨清以th结尾的序数词与其对应的基数词|，如：sixth six。快速记录多个数字|，并用加、减、乘、除计算一些数据|；熟悉计算题中常出现的表达法：half|，double|，twice|，one third|，percent|，a pair dozen score|，dollar|，pound|，cent|，penny|，10 each for3 tickets|，at a 30% discount（打七折）|，one third off the normal price（打七折）|，more than|，less than。考点2判断地点和方位主
6、要考查的知识点：对话中涉及几个地点|，并根据地点提问。对话中没有出现具体的地点名称|，要求考生根据对话中出现的显示特定场所的词来猜测说话人在什么地方谈话。事物之间的地理位置及方位关系。复习重点：熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词|，如：餐馆（restaurant）用语：menu|，bill|，order|，tip|，hamburger|，sandwich|，soup|，dish|，beer|，soft drink|，book a table（预定桌位）|，dessert（甜点）|，delicious等|；宾馆（hotel）用语：luggage|，single room|，double room|，ro
7、om number|，room key|，check in|，check out等|；医院（hospital）用语：take medicine|，temperature|，pill|，headache|，fever|，blood pressure等|；邮局（post office）用语：mail|，post|，deliver|，stamp|，envelope|，package|，airmail|，telegram等|；机场（airport）用语：flight|，take off|，land|，luggage|，delay等|；火车站（railway station）用语：round trip|
8、，single trip|，sleeper等|；商店（store）用语：on sale|，size|，color|，price|，change（零钱）等|；学校（school）用语：professor|，exam|，course|，dining hall|，playground等|；图书馆（library）用语：librarian|，magazine|，library card|，fine|，renew等。银行（in the bank）用语：cash|，check|，open an account|，saving|，withdraw|，interest|，draw out等。熟悉方位的词语和表
9、达方法|，如：in the east of|，to the east of|，on the east of。考点3判断人物及其关系常见的人物之间的关系有：doctor- patient waiter waitress- customer secretary- boss shop assistant- customer driver- policeman teacher professor- student husband- wife receptionist- tourist lawyer- client salesperson- customer colleague friends clas
10、smates复习重点：能根据对话内容和情景来确定说话者从事的职业和彼此之间的关系。善于抓住与说话者身份或职业相关的词。如材料中出现term exam|，就有可能有teacher professor出现|，或者人物间有teacher professor- student的关系|；对话中提到buy change|，就该有salesman或salesgirl|；夫妻对话会用dear darling|；父母对孩子说话可能会有listen等词。对话中涉及多人|，则要理清人与人之间的关系。考点4细节把握及指令辨认对话中为了说明主旨和要义|，需要一些具体的信息加以辅佐或补充说明。因此|，在考查中除了时间、地
11、点、人物关系等之外|，还会考查对一些细节的分辨和对主旨的把握。这类题目要求在把握主线的前提下|，能捕捉到有用的信息。复习重点：细节性的信息多|，做题难度较大|，应首先浏览题干和选项|，做到心中有数|，在听的过程中做到有的放矢。做指令性题型应善于速记|，可用“”表方向|，用字母代单词等一些速记符号对听到的内容做好记录。如果是独白|，要学会利用选择项预测文章的内容。一定要听好第一句和最后一句。考点5推理、判断和归纳任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的|，但说话者的态度看法及独白中的主旨有时则比较隐蔽|，需要自己去推测、判断和归纳。复习重点：能判断说话者的观点和弦外之音。注意说话者用语气、语调的
12、变化来表现对某人、某事或对另一言行的好恶、赞成与否等情绪变化。说话者的建议、决定或打算等行为。弄清事情的因果关系。归纳时要把双方谈话的内容联系起来考虑|，注意对话的完整性。二阅读理解2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）中有关阅读的要求： 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等|，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义|；（2）理解文中具体信息|；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义|；（4）做出判断和推理|；（5）理解文章的基本结构|；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】 阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径|，因此|，阅
13、读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料|，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨和要义每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落|，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义|，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题）|，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时|，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义|，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。典例1 (2019全国高考D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Si
14、lences may be thoughtful|， or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness|， uneasiness|， or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable|； therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conve
15、rsation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people|， just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore|， when a person from one
16、 of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops|， what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures|， silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways|， particularly when dealing with confl
17、icts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example|， Russian|， French|， and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However|， Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in auth
18、ority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use|， persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect|， particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they
19、come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can
20、 use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 35What may be the best title for the text?ASound and SilenceBWhat It Means to Be SilentCSilence to Native AmericansDSpeech Is Silver|； Silence Is Gold典例2 (2019天津高考D)Failure is probably the most exhausti
21、ng experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. An hour later|， I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed|， the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before|
22、， I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings|， I believe|，must try to succeed. Success|， then|， means never feeling tired. 55What could be the best title for the passage?ASuccess Is Built upon FailureBHow to Handle Performance FatigueCGetting over Fat
23、igue: A Way to SuccessDFatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems2.理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持|，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要|，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取|，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时|，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语|，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力|，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力|，因此也是阅读理解部分经
24、常考查的一种能力。4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中|，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索|，进行逻辑推理|，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分|，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。典例1 (2019全国高考B)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville|， Texas|， Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son ask
25、ed her to move to San Antonio to help with their children|， she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success|， giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in sepa
26、rate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw|， Marian Robinson|， has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to
27、 help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by |， 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away f
28、rom home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own|，” says Christine Crosby|， publisher of Grand a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them|， especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost
29、every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices|， but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard|， especially knowing your adult child is struggling|，but giving up the life you know may be hard
30、er.26What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.28What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?AMake decisi
31、ons in the best interests of their own.BAsk their children to pay more visits to them.CSacrifice for their struggling children.DGet to know themselves better.典例2 (2019北京高考C)California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds|， with winglength of up to 3 meters.In
32、the 1980s|， electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now|， electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s|， the last few condors were taken from the wild|， and there are now more than 150 flying over California and
33、 nearby Arizona|， Utah and Baja in Mexico.63California condors attract researchers interest because they_.Aare active at nightBhad to be bred in the wildCare found only in CaliforniaDalmost died out in the 1980s典例3 (2019全国高考C)(Paragraph 4) Members leave books on park benches and buses|， in train sta
34、tions and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. Emails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce P
35、eterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.11What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.典例4 (20
36、19重庆高考C)47Where is the passage most probably taken from?AA webpage.BA newspaper.CA novel.DA report.典例5 (2019广东高考B)When I was nine years old|， I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually
37、 got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered|， “Son|， if you want to catch a fish|， you have to think like a fish”|， I remember being even more upset then because|， “Im not a fish！” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides|， I reasoned|， how could what I think influence what a
38、 fish does?When I grew up and entered the business world|， I remember hearing my first boss say|， “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said|， “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was|， “You need to t
39、hink like a fish.” Years later|， with great efforts to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me|， I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.35This passage most likely comes from
40、_.Aa fishing guideBa popular sales bookCa novel on childhoodDa millionaires biography1.推理判断题必须要以把握全文为前提|，不可以偏概全|，断章取义|，更不可用自己的观点代替作者的观点|，所有推理必须有文章信息为依据|，否则会做出错误选择。2正确选项与干扰项的特点(1)正确选项的特点在文章中可以找到信息支持|，并且可以推断出正确选项。大多含义深刻|，不是常识选项。(2)干扰项的特点颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息|，不需要经过推断。推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息|，并以此作为依据进行推断。5.理解文章的基本结构阅读文章需要具备一定的语篇知识。文章作者常常会使用各种衔接手段使行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解文章|，必须把握住全篇的基本结构|，理清上下文的衔接关系|，