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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外研版初中英语八年级下册知识点归纳总结Module 1一、重点短语1. look sb. in the eye 正视某人2. look+形容词 看上去3. be afraid that +从句 恐怕be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth 害怕4. thank (sb ) for doing sth 因某人做某事而感谢thank（sb） for sth 因感谢某人5. cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事6. spend 时间/金钱+（in）doing sth. 某人花时间/金钱做spend 时间
2、/金钱+on sth. 某人在某方面花时间/金钱7. be proud of 以为自豪8. be proud to do sth. 为做某事而感到自豪9. be proud that 为感到自豪10. hear from/ receive a letter from. 收到.的来信11. each other 互相，彼此12. arrive in/at 到达13. be good at 擅长，善于14. have a try 尝试15. on top 在上面，处于优势16. in the middle 在中间17. as well 也；还18. in the right way 以正确的方式1
3、9. be excited about 对.兴奋20. shake hands 握手21. close to 离.近二、重点句型1. 它闻起来不新鲜。It doesnt smell fresh.2. 每种东西都（尝起来）甜滋滋的。Everything tastes so sweet.3. 多好闻的味道啊！What a delicious smell.4. 你想来点尝尝吗？好的，谢谢。-Would you like to try some? -Yes, please.5. 我喜欢甜食。I have a sweet tooth.6. 顶部是什么？Whats that on top?7. 我恐怕不喜
4、欢奶酪。它闻上去不新鲜了。Im afraid I dont like cheese. It doesnt smell fresh.8. My chocolate cookies are done. Have a try! 我的巧克力曲奇做好了。尝一尝！9. 我幸运的一天。Its my lucky day!三、语法感官系动词英语动词中，有的后面要接名词或代词等作宾语，有的单独作谓语，而有的后面要接形容词或名词等做主语的补充成分。我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。1. 最常用的系动词是be，另外还有5个感官系动词，如：look（看上去），taste（尝上去），feel（摸起来），smell
5、（闻起来），sound（听起来）等。例如：The film is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。The cookies smell delicious. 这些曲奇闻起来很香。The soup tastes too salty. 汤尝起来太咸了。The bed feels hard. 这床摸上去很硬。The idea sounds quite good. 这个想法听起来非常好。All the children look happy. 所有的孩子看起来都很开心。上面用到的系动词smell，taste，feel，sound，look相当于汉语中的闻起来，尝起来，摸上去，听上去，看起来的概
6、念。2. 要注意这类系动词和系动词be不同，其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助动词do。例如：The dishes do not smell very nice. 这些菜闻起来不太好。Does he look worried? 他看上去担心吗？The cake does not taste very good. 这蛋糕尝起来不太好。Module 2一、重点短语1. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事2. think about 考虑3. make up 编造4. stop doing sth 停止做某事5. come with 和.一起去6. the first prize
7、一等奖7. at the moment 此时，现在8. so far 到目前为止9. ask sb to do sth 要去某人做某事10. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事11. a fifteen-year-old boy 一个十五岁的男孩12. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 最.之一13. be different from 与.不同14. count down 倒数15. send sb to do sth 把某人送去做某事16. enter a competition 参加竞赛17. write about 编写；写作19. travel around th
8、e world 环游世界20. work for 效力于21. for example 例如22. look forward to doing/sth 期盼；期待23. have a wonderful time 玩得开心24. a pair of 一双25. the rest of 剩余的二、重点句型1. I cant afford it. 我负担不起。2. What do you mean? 你什么意思?3. Ive entered lots of competitions, but havent won any prize. Ive stopped trying now. 我参加过许多比
9、赛，但从未获过奖。我已经不再尝试了。4. They have been to many interesting places. 他们去过许多有趣的地方。5.They are counting down the days. 他们在进行倒计时。2. Itll help you improve your speaking. Maybe you will win a prize. 我会帮助你提高口语能力。可能你会得奖。5. Have you ever thought about other kinds of competitions? 你考虑过其他种类的比赛吗？7. I will invite you
10、 to come with me. 我将邀请你来跟我一起。语法现在完成时（一）1. 现在完成时定义：强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：Betty went to the park yesterday. (强调去公园的动作发生在昨天）Betty has been to the park before. (强调不仅去过公园，而且了解公园的状况）2. 现在完成时的谓语结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词例如：Ive always wanted to go on a dream holiday.句中的谓语结构为：have wantedLingling has visited the
11、 US.句中的谓语结构为：has visited3. 句式结构（1）肯定句式：主语+have / has+动词过去分词+其他。（2）否定句式：主语+have / has+not+动词过去分词+ 其他。have not 和has not 分别缩写为havent和hasnt。（3）一般疑问句式：Have / Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定答语为Yes, 主语+have / has.；否定答语为No, 主语+havent / hasnt.4. 过去分词的构成规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。（1）动词一般在词尾加“-ed”。如：workworkedworked（2）
12、以“e”结尾的动词，词尾直接加“-d”。 如：livelivedlived（3）以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”，再加“-ed”。如：crycriedcried（4）以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。如：stopstoppedstoppedModule 3一、重点短语1. What are you up to? 你在干什么？2. the latest news 最新消息3. get information 获得信息4. search for 寻找，搜索5. in order to 为了6. much+比较级 .得多7. on eart
13、h 在世界上，在人间，究竟，到底8. communicate with sb 与某人交流9. hundreds of 数以百计的10. go around 绕着.走11. billions of 数十亿的12. take photos 拍照13. send.to. 把.送到.14. no problem 没问题15. be far away（from) 离.远16. go online 上网17. search for 搜索18. more than 超过；多余19. look for 寻找20. look like 看起来像21. finish doing sth 做完某事二、重点句型1.
14、还没有人过去火星。No one has been to Mars yet.2. 对于.感觉如何? How does sb. feel about?3. 无法想像. Its impossible to imagine.4. 我刚刚做了一个飞船模型。Ive just made a model spaceship.5. 它已经到达了吗？Has it arrived yet?6. 宇航员已经过去了月球。Astronauts have already been to the moon.7. 我们尚未在任何其他的星球上发现生命。We have not found life on any other pla
15、nets yet.三、语法现在完成时（二）1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has
16、之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。例如：The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。2. 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：I have just been to London. I went t
17、here last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A: Where have you put my book? I cant find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。该对
18、话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。Module 4一、重点短语1. catch a cold 感冒2. do much exercise 经常锻炼3. be harmful
19、 to 对.有害4. such as 例如5. three times a say 一天三次6. have got/take a stomachache 胃痛7. take ones temperature 量体温8. fast food 快餐9. in front of 在.前面10. look after 照顾，照料11. take sb for a walk 带某人散步12. feel fit/health 感觉健康13. by underground 乘地铁on the underground14. ride to work 骑车去上班15. decide to do sth 决定做某
20、事16. take part in 参加17. in the last few years 在过去的几年里18. be too+形容词+to do sth 太.以至于不能.19. from time to time 时地20. set up 建立21. be ill 生病22. go for a run 去散步23. feel awful 感觉不舒服24. all over 浑身；遍及25. turn off 关掉26. have a pain in.（某身体部位）疼痛二、重点句型1. 你哪里不舒服？How can I help you?/ Whats wrong with you?/What
21、s the matter with you?2. 我肚子疼。Ive got a stomach ache.3. 我头疼。My head hurts.4. 你这个样子多长时间了？How long have you been like this?5. 我病了大约三天了。Ive been ill for about three days.6. 我量一下你的体温吧。Let me take your temperature.7. 这/那就是问题所在。Thats the problem.8. 自从去年我有了电脑我就不大运动了。I havent done much exercise since I got
22、my computer last year.9. 多好的主意啊！What a great idea!10. 我觉得不舒服。Im not feeling very well.11. 这狗我买了三个月了. I have had the dog for three months.三、语法现在完成时（三）1. 现在完成时定义：也可以表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。例如：Jane has kept the book for three days. 简已经借这本书三天了。The boy has had the bike since last Sunday. 自从上周五，这个男孩就买了这辆自行车。2. 现
23、在完成时的时间短语：for和since时间短语是现在完成时的常用时间短语，是现在完成时的标志。for后面加时间段，表示一段时间。例如：for two weeks；for one monthsince后面加时间点，表示自以来。例如：since last week；since 2008注意：对for和since时间短语提问用How long注意：动词分为延续性动词（表示延续性的动作或状态）和瞬间动词（表示动作在瞬间完成）。延续性动词常和表示时间段的短语连用。例如for短语和since短语。瞬间动词不能和for短语和since短语连用。例如：His father has died for two y
24、ears.()His father has been dead for two years. ()Module 5一、重点短语1. cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事2. keep doing sth 一直做某事3. its time to do sth 到做某事的时间4. make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟5. as well as 也，还6. more than 多于7. all over the world 全世界8. even since 从那以后9. the same as. 和.相同10. learn from 向.学习11. win the
25、heart of sb. 赢得某人的心12. come out 出版；发行二、重点句型1. He has been popular for over eighty years. 他流行了八十多年了。2. Tintin appeared in China in the 1980s. 丁丁在20世纪80年代出现在中国。3. Snoopy lives in his own private world and finds real life hard to understand. 史努比生活在自己的世界里，感觉现实生活难以理解。4. Both Nemo and Shrek have won the h
26、earts of young people all over the world. Nemo和Shrek赢得了全世界年轻人的心。5. Its time to watch a cartoon. 到时间看动画片了。6. He can fly through the sky and fight bad people. 他能在空中飞翔，和坏人作战。7. I want to be someone like him. 我想要成为像他一样的人。8. Superman is brave. He keeps fighting bad people. 超人是勇敢的。他一直和坏人作战。9. I cant help
27、laughing when I watch them. 当我观看的时候忍不住大笑。10. Sometimes they protect each other and work together. 有时候他们保护彼此，一起作战。11. I dont think we agree. Spiderman is more modern. 我不同意。蜘蛛侠更现代。12. He is brave, clever and humorous. 他勇敢、聪明和幽默。13. Parents and children laugh together as Monkey King makes a terrible me
28、ss in heaven. 当美猴王大闹天宫的时候，父母和孩子在一起大笑起来。14. Snoopy, a cute dog, celebrated his 60th birthday in 2010. 史努比，一只聪明的狗，在2010年庆祝了他60岁生日。15. He drew the cartoons to satisfy older people as well as children. 他画漫画来满足老年人和孩子们的需要。三、语法一般过去时常犯错误1. 把动词变为过去式易出错。例如：They stoped talking just now.解析：stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y
29、，y变i加ed；元音加y，在词尾直 接加ed。2. 忘记把动词变为过去式。例如：I fly kites on the afternoon of last Sunday.解析：fly应该用过去式flew。对此，我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里，过去式不要忘记。3. 在句式变换时出错。例如：We didnt went last Friday.解析：didnt went应改为didnt go。请记住“助动词用原形”。4. 易与现在完成时弄混。例如：I saw the film, so I dont want to go now.解析：正确答案为：I have seen the film, so I
30、dont want to go now.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容，强调现在的情况，应该用现在完成时。时态区分一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。观察下列句子。1. I often watch cartoons films. 我经常看卡通片。2. I watched Spiderman last week. 我上周看了蜘蛛侠。3. I have already watched Spiderman. I do not want to watch it again. 我已看过蜘蛛侠了，不想再看了。可以看出：1. 经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时。2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为，用
31、一般过去时。3. 动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且强调的是结果，即现在不想看了，所以用现在完成时。Module6一、重点短语1. a bit of 一点儿2. collect stamps 收集邮票3. have a look 看一看4. such as/for example 例如5. look after animals 照顾动物6. as well as 并且，还7. in the future 在将来8. come out 出版9. a sixteen-year-old boy 一个六岁的男孩10. as a result 结果；因此11. be interested
32、 in 对.感兴趣12. spend time in doing sth 做某事花费 .时间13. tidy up 使整洁；使整齐14. take up 占据；占用15. something important 重要的事16. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事17. make sb do sth 让某人做某事18. not only.but also. 不仅.而且.19. show sb. Sth. 向某人展示某事20. stop doing sth. 停止做某事21. run out of 用完；用光22. go sailing 去航行二、重点句型1. -Tony, can you
33、 tidy up your room, please? -OK, Ill do it right away. 托尼，你能整理一下你的房间吗？好的，我马上做。2. You need to find a place to put all those toy cars. 你需要找一个地方放所有那些玩具。3. Did you collect anything when you were young? 你年轻时收集东西吗？4. Come in and find somewhere to sit down. 进来，找个地方做吧！5. Sorry, its a bit of mess. Let me hav
34、e a look. 抱歉，有点乱。让我看看。6. Coins? They must be really valuable. 硬币？他们一定非常有价值。7. Ill show you my stamps too. Ive collected stamps from all over the world. 我也会给你看我的邮票。我从全国各地收集邮票。8. My hobby doesnt cost as much as yours. 我的爱好不会像你的一样花费很多钱。9. People usually collect things just to remember something importa
35、nt in their lives. 人们通常会收集东西，仅仅是为了纪念他们生活中一些重要的事情。10. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting and looking after animals. 很多学生都有爱好，比如阅读、绘画和照顾动物。11. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are active. 一些爱好是令人放松的，其他一些是活跃的。12. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and h
36、elp you learn new skills. 爱好能够帮助你成长、发展你的兴趣和帮助你学习新技能。13. One of his hobbies is writing. 他的爱好之一是写作。14. During the summer of 2010, he spent four weeks at a summer camp. 2010年夏天，他花四周进行了一次夏令营。15. As well as the usual activities, there was a writing class. 除了通常的活动，还有一节写作课。16. He asked us to talk about our
37、 lives and tell interesting stories. 他让我们讨论我们的生活，讲有趣的故事。17. She encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp. 她鼓励我们写我们在夏令营的经历。18. As a result, David has become a successful young writer. 结果，大卫成为了一名成功的青年作家。19. His book came out in 2012. 他的书在2012年出版了。20. His hobby has brought him pleasure
38、and success. 他的爱好给他带来了快乐和成功。21. He is also interested in many other things. 他也对很多其他的事情感兴趣。22. I spend some of my free time playing volleyball. 我花费一些业余时间打排球。三、语法简单句的基本结构英语是一种结构型的语言，动词在句型构成中起着重要作用。英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是动作的执行者（被动语态除外），后面接动作的承受者。1. 主语+系动词+表语（+状语）主语系动词表语状语These booksareinteresting.Tomisvery hap
39、pytoday.2. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）主语谓语状语The first bookcame outin 2009.The rainhas stopped.3.（状语+）主语+谓（及物动词+宾（+状语）状语主语谓语宾语状语Iboughta very good booklast week.Every daymy motherpreparesbreakfastfor me.4.主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 +（状语）主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherboughtmea very goo
40、d bikeon my birthday.5.主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语（+状语）主语谓语宾语宾语补足语状语Wecan helpyoudevelop new skills.step by step.Ido not wantyouto work too hard.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.6. There +be +主语（+状语）Therebe主语状语Therearemany booksin his schoolbag.Thereisa very nice cupon the table.Module 7一、重点短语1. how long 多长时
41、间2. at the end of 在.的末端3. pay for 为.付款4. had better do sth 最好做某事5. have a great time 玩得高兴6. write to 给.写信7. by the way 顺便说一下8. make a list 列清单9. forget to do sth 忘记做某事10. four hours a day 一天四次11. stay in touch with 与.保持联系12. at the beginning of 在.的起初13. depend on 依赖，相信，随而定14. at least 至少15. fill out
42、 填写16. would like to do sth 愿意做某事17. be able to do 能够做某事18. get close to nature 接近大自然19. try out new ideas 尝试新的主意20. grow up 长大21. summer camp 夏令营22. prepare for. 为.做准备23. at the same time 同时24. make progress 取得进步25. take part in 参加26. go sightseeing 去观光旅行27. add to 增加28. agree/disagree with. 同意/不同意
43、.二、重点句型1. How can I help you? 我怎么帮你呀?2. Can you help me? 你可以帮我吗?3. I dont know what to take. 我不知道带些什么。4. Your bag mustnt weigh too much. 你的包一定不能太沉。5. There are many exciting things to do. 有许多激动人心的事可以做。三、语法并列复合句1. 并列复合句的定义：由并列连词and, but, or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。例如：Jane has kept the book for three d
44、ays and she must return it tomorrow. 简保留这本书已经三年了，她明天必须归还。The boy fell off the bike, but he didnt hurt. 这个男孩从自行车上摔下来，但是没有受伤。2. 并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句例如：I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。You must put on your coat, or youll have a bad cold in such a cold day. 你必须穿上外套，否则，在这样冷的天气里，你一定会得重感冒的。3. 并列连词前后简
45、单句之间的关系。（1）并列关系。They are watching TV, and the others are listening to the radio. 他们正在看电视，其他人正在听收音机。（2）选择关系。The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. 孩子们可以和我们一起去，或者，他们也可以待在家里。（3）转折关系。She was tired, but she did not stop working. 她累了，但她没有停止工作。4. 使用并列复合句要注意的两种情况。（1）并列复合句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开（前后句之间的关系须相当紧密）。如：We fished all day; we did not catch a single fish.（2）并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。如：Snoopy lives in his own world a