《高考英语一轮复习——定语从句总复习课件(共30张PPT).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习——定语从句总复习课件(共30张PPT).ppt（30页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Practice:The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy (The boy (who who sits in front of me ) is Tom.sits in front of me ) is Tom.The teacher will give us a speech . The teacher will give us a speech . We met the teacher yesterday.We met the teacher yesterday
2、. The teacher (The teacher (whomwhom we we met yesterday )will met yesterday )will give us a speech give us a speech. .Practice:Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen Do you find the pen ( (which which I I wrote with just now)?
3、wrote with just now)?Do you find the pen (Do you find the pen (with whichwith which I wrote just now)? I wrote just now)?I still remember the first day. I still remember the first day. I came to school on the first day.I came to school on the first day.I still remember the first day (I still remembe
4、r the first day (when when I came to I came to school).school).关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)q关系代词关系代词： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行词外，先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中
5、它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分，3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）v注意注意q 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表
6、示过去时间表示过去时间)v定语从句的辨认（定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）思考步骤） 找出先行词找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置确定定语从句的位置 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）引引 导导 词词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语在从在从句中句中作
7、宾作宾语可语可省去省去 whothatwhomwhichwhose人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的whenwherewhy先行词为人时引导词先行词为人时引导词whowho和和thatthat的区别的区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况： (1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation s
8、hould practise more.2. 用用that不用不用who的情况的情况： (1)当主句已经出现当主句已经出现who时。时。 （2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all
9、，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which3. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰修饰时，用时，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4.
10、4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用需用thatthat。e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.
11、g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 你知道吗你知道吗? ?as as 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.1.He is not such a man as only think of himself. 2.I
12、should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the samesuch,the same时时, ,关系代词
13、用关系代词用as. asas. as在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与such,so,as,thesuch,so,as,the same same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you
14、 tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反，反之则用之则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如
15、从句中行为动词是主动语等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.考点四：介词考点四：介词+关系代词关系代词* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for
16、 help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD难点解析：难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词 + whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joined t
17、he army.2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词或数词不定代词或数词 +of+whichwhomThere are many books here, none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4.名词名词+ of +whichShe mentioned a magazine, the title of whi
18、ch I have forgotten.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e
19、.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用的一部分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + of + + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5. Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“
20、of +关系代词关系代词”型，型，如：如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light,
21、 _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有是用来引导定语从句的，它
22、和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich)=that when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/ inwhich)=that why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。 =that 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 1.
23、where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句从句从句共有五个共有五个不同的句
24、不同的句子来表达。子来表达。2.when的用法：的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）先行词应是表示时间的名词） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语口语) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句3.why的用法：的用法： (
25、 表示原因的名词表示原因的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the
26、 room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. 分析：分析：强调句句型：强调句句型：It is/was +It is/was +被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who +that/who +其它部分去掉其它部分去掉 It is/wasIt is/was.that/who.that/who , ,句子句子照样成立。照样成立。(1) I lived in this r
27、oom last year. (2) He went (1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen 定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _he told m
28、e yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.分析分析：that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是解释说明前一名词的内容，在从句中并且引导的句子是解释说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用不可省去，也不可用which which 替代。替代。that/which that/
29、which 引导定语引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which能力提升能力提升1.This is the bus _I took the other day. The bus _I went to work broke down.2. Is this flat _you once lived in? Is this the flat _you once lived in? Is this the only flat_you onc
30、e lived in ? Is this the flat in _you once lived? Is this the flat _ you once lived ? Is this the only flat _you once lived? 3. All_we need is more time. All_is needed is more time. which/that/不填不填the onewhich/that/不填不填that/不填不填whichwhere/in which where/in which that/不填不填thatin/on which4. Do you kno
31、w the difficulty I had _out the problem? A. to work B. working C. worked D. work5.All_studied this question_come to the same conclusion. A. that has;has B. who has ;have C. who have; have D. that has; have6.Is there a restaurant around_I can have something to eat? A.which B.where C. that D.what7.The
32、 school_I studied ten years ago is _we visited yesterday. A. where ;that B. that ;which C. where; the one D. which; that8. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black. A. which B. its C. whose D. which ofB C BCC限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句:用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限限”是先行词不可缺少是先行
33、词不可缺少的定语的定语.如果省去，主句如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确意思不完整或不明确；“非限非限”只是附加说明。只是附加说明。This is the house we bought last year.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.“限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导；“非限非限”不能用不能用that引导。引导。That is the very tool that we are looking for.I saw a good film, which was about the Long March.“限限”的关联
34、词作宾语时的关联词作宾语时可省；可省；“非限非限”则不可。则不可。I will never forget the day （that ）we spent together there.His dog,which he liked very much, died yesterday.“限限”一般只修饰先行词；一般只修饰先行词；“非限非限”既可修饰先行既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。句子或句子的一部分。I have finished the novel that you lent me yesterday.He suddenly fell ill, whic
35、h prevented him from going to school.对比练习：1.This is the room_ I visited yesterday. This is the room_ I found the book yesterday.2.I will remember the days _ we spent together. I will remember the days _ we stayed together.3.This is the reason_ I explained to the teacher. This is the reason _ I was l
36、ate yesterday.4. I dont like the house _ roof is red. I dont like the house, _the roof is red.5.This is such a heavy stone _ I cant lift. This is such a heavy stone _ I cant lift it.6.He is one of the teachers who _ playing baseball. He is the only one of the teachers who _ playing baseball. (like) which/that/不填不填where/in whichwhich/that/不填不填when/in whichwhich/that/不填不填why/for whichwhoseof whichlikelikesasthat