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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上阅读理解题的解题思路一、 解的十个特征：1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely含义相反的是解4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain6、 简
2、单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解7、 带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve postpone increase9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on10、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解二、 阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路1. 主旨题中心
3、思想 Main idea what is the main idea / point of this passage? Main topic what is the main topic / subject / title? Purpose what is the authors main purpose in the passage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项2. 细节性问题 Accroding考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 Number考查对文章中数字的掌握，1） 运算型：通
4、过简单的四则运算求解。对策：原始数据不是解。2） 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。对策：对号入座。3） 范围型，4） 世纪型 Except题型即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 Which题型对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句3. 推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.对策：1） 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；2） 通过阅读某段或几段内容3） 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。4. 词汇型问题 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义对策：常见含义不是解 生词的含义推断对
5、策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。总结：常见的命题思路：l 文章的中心、段落的中心l 指代关系make gains make a profitl 因果关系 正因果关系文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A 反因果关系文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X特性。或A B， 考非A 非B三、 文章的十大考点1、 列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which型和Except型；2、 转折处和对比处常考However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but等。3、 例子常考 推断题和细
6、节题as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.6、 专有名词常考人名、地名等专有名词7、 细节处常考 细节题同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。8、 因果句常考 推断题因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc因果动词：caus
7、e, result in，originate from, etc因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc9、 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处，10、 特殊标点常考 细节题破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用列举处，因果关系示例1、最高级举处转折处Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere a
8、gain acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but en
9、ormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in
10、space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren.长句后半句Drugs might help to decrease the
11、damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future.转折，长句后半句1、According to the passage, without atmo
12、sphere A) spaceships can never be shot into spaceB) sunlight cant reach the earth （具体不是解）C) plants can produce varied foodD) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解）2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugsB) wearing special suits（替换space
13、suits是解）C) using a protective blanketD) no solution has been found yet3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessnessC) radiation D) magnetic force4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformedB) the children
14、of astronauts have damaged sex organsC) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是解）D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful5、Radiation is dangerous to men, A) but we dont know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替换是解）C) so we should build up our healthD) and we can
15、do nothing about it at the present time 转折，长句后半句示例2、举例，长句Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we dont need, the media also contribute to keepin
16、g people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.因果，列举，
17、长句后半句If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recog
18、nizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented?Besides, in a country with a demo
19、cratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV c
20、hannels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education.The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the publi
21、c. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive.1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that A. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information.B. The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解）C. People should lea
22、rn to take advantage of the medias benefits.D. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information.2. What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age?A. To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality.B. To buy prod
23、ucts advertised so that the demand increases.C. To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs.D. To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是解）3. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are A. Highly educated through TV and radio.B. Well protected by the governmentC. Highly paid by the employersD. Well informed by the media（概括是解）4. The underlined phrase “in depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A. Thoroughly（句义，词形）B. PartlyC. RelativelySimply专心-专注-专业