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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习， 掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。 (1) 对主语的判断 1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my f
2、avorite sport. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（-）。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。 例如： The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。 What I wa
3、nted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。 (2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ ba
4、ck to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered began turned said say isnt 分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习
5、和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。 (3) 对宾语的判断 1.Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2.The front is in great need of medical _.( work ) 3.Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4.At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2.
6、workers 3. kindness 4. invention（s） 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。 (4) 对表语的判断 1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3.Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4.Such cold weather is quite _ i
7、n June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (5) 对定语的判断 1. The _ exams usually t
8、ake place at the end of June. ( finally) 2.On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3.In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4.The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5.Most people dont like _ food. (
9、freeze ) 6.Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical ) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry 分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (6) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe t
10、hat she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2.Watch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，
11、条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (7) 对连词的判断 1. Work harder, _ youll make great progress in English. 2. My job is to protect the innocent _ find the guilty. 3. _ you _ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket. 4. Can y
12、ou tell me _ you are from? 5. Ill give you a call _ I get to Japan. Key: (1)and (2) as well as (3) Eitheror (4) where (5) as soon as 分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。 Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形
13、式填空”，有利于提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。 Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1._ are helpful to students. 2._ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3._ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them li
14、ke parents. 4._ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1-4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents”。第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“care for”判断主
15、语只能是人，即: Teachers。第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。 Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段 。Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_
16、Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. 分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师。从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以 “l_” 应为谓语动词 leaving ;“s_” 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students; “h_”是give 的宾语, 判断为him ;“p_” 的内容是 cards, note-books , 所以判断为名词presents; “t_” 是介词among 的宾语,
17、 应为them ; “m_” 处于be done by 的结构中, 应为过去分词made;“h_” 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help;“t_” 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time；“t_” 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they; “p_” 是have的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party；“s_” 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say。 Step5：熟能生巧阶段。 要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。 例如： 【2011上海】Read the pas
18、sage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺. 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给 ) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most peopl
19、e could afford. However, modem technology has c 92 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start y
20、our own film-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay t
21、hem a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone els
22、e to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. 【主旨大意】 文章指出，随着生活水平和现代科技的提高，人们自己制作一部电影已经不再是什么稀罕的事。文章指出要制作一部优秀的电影，除了优秀演员之外，还需要有一个好的剧本，这是电影成功的保证。 92. changed 【解析】上文提到在过去，制作一部电影是一件十分昂贵的事，只有少数人和电影公司才能干。然而现在随着时间的推移，现代科技将这一切都改变了，故填changed； 93. much 【解析】本句意为“现在一部相机花费并不多”，价格大多数人都能
23、坦然接受，故填much; 94. tiring 【解析】该句意为“然而，电影制作是一件很累人的事”，work是不可数名词，故要说tiring work，不能加a; 95. population 【解析】下文中都是在谈论电影中的那些男女演员，加上谓语动词是单数，故应填population； 96. besides 【解析】上边提到了演员，下边接着讲述应该要有剧本，故填besides； 97. character 【解析】这个地方讲“如果你的想象力丰富，那么你就能够创作出一个具有吸引力的人物，”，故答案填character; 98. successful 【解析】该句意为“一个优秀的故事是电影成功
24、的关键”，故答案填successful;实战练习1 Sleep is not the same every night. We experience some deep sleep and some active sleep(积极睡眠), which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking(梦游) would happen in active sleep, but a person isnt physically active d 86 active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in t
25、he first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave(慢波)or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers a 87 walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when, in fact, theyre asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.Sleepwalkers
26、 e 88 are open, but they dont see the same way they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend(往往会) to go back to bed on their own and they wont r 89 it in the morning. Doctors say sleepwalking sometimes occurs when a
27、 person is sick, has a fever, is not getting e 90 sleep, or is stressed. If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, its a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional(偶然的) sleepwalking generally isnt something to worry about, a 91 it may look funny or even
28、scary (惊恐的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.Its important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions(预防措施) should be t 92 so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking. 86. during 87. actually 88. eyes 89. remem
29、ber 90. enough 91. although 92. taken2 Everyone needs sleep. In fact, all living things need sleep. Having a sound and good rest m_86_ us healthy. It is believed that our brain develops best during sleep. It helps all our systems work well w_87_ we are awake. Sleep allows our brain to reorganize all
30、 events during the day and will improve our memory development. For a student, eight to ten hours of sleep is required to give him or her e_88_ for the following day. A good sleep allows them to grow physically and mentally (心理上). With e_89_ sleep at night, students would be able to wake up early an
31、d be ready for school activities. They will be able to listen carefully in class and would have the ability to memorize the things that they learn and r_90_ them in the future. Eight hours of sleep makes students active t_91_ the whole day at school. They would be able to perform well in class, take
32、 down notes and finish their homework. When they have slept well, they can e_92_ understand their lessons. Good sleep prepares them well for the challenges (挑战) at school, from paperwork to sports. They will be ready to solve difficult tasks that require mental ability and skills.86. makes 87. while
33、/when 88. energy 89. enough 90. remember 91. through 92. easily3 Anger (生气) is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when your friend b _86_ your favourite thing and then breaks it, you may get really
34、 angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe much f_87_, your face turns red and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your h_88_ . The problem is that if you do this, you may get a
35、 headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, its not good to hide your anger, and its normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting o_ 89 _or yourself. Let me give you some advice. When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. Its h
36、elpful to talk about your anger with other people, such as p_90_, teachers, good friends etc. When you talk about anger, those b_91_feelings can start to go away. On the other hand, when you start to feel angry, you can do some other things: count from 1 to 100; go for a bike ride; think about good
37、things, etc.Dont let your anger c 92 you. Remember that how you act when you are anger can make everything better or worse.86. borrows 87. faster 88. heart 89. others 90. parents 91. bad 92. control4 In the middle of the 1800s, France was considered the most important place in the world for art. One
38、 reason for that was the Academy, a government organization with some strict r_86_ _ about art. It decided what could and could not be art. In order to be accepted by the Academy, an artist had to be very talented. Artists also had to paint exactly the way the Academy wanted them to. A brave group o
39、f painters challenged(挑战)these ideas and changed art f_87_ Each year, the Academy had an exhibition of the art they had decided was the best. In 1864, a group of artists became a _88_ because they didnt get into the show. They felt that their paintings were not bad; the paintings were just different
40、. After complaining to the government, these artists were given their own show. The Academy thought all art should look realistic(逼真).But these artists were more interested in trying to show movement and the bright colors of daylight. In their opinion, it was more real to show these than it was to p
41、aint a scene(场景)which was as s_89_as a photo. It was also more interesting to show all of the different colours when light hits an object like water.By 1874, many different artists were painting in this new style, including Claude Monet. One of his paintings had the title, Impression: sunrise. A cri
42、tic(评论家)h_90_these new artists. He used Monets title to make fun of these painters by calling them“Impressionists（印象派）”，meaning that they didnt make real paintings. The critics who liked these artists thought the word was just right. They began to use it happily. They thought it was more important t
43、o paint h_91_they saw things instead of just what they saw. Other artists around the world felt that they could have this freedom as well. Because of the impressionists, the art w_92_was never the same.86. rules 87. forever 88. angry 89. still 90. hated 91. how 92. world5Once my mother told me a sto
44、ry. In Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “ I must be able to run faster than the fastest lion, or I will be k_. ” At the same time, a lion wakes from his dream. The first thing the lion thinks about is, “I must be able to catch the s_ antelope,
45、 or I will die of hunger.” So, almost at the same time, the antelope and the lion get up and start running toward the rising sun. This is life: full of chances and challenge (挑战). Whether you are an antelope or a lion, you must go a_ when the sun rises. For students, it is just the same. If we do no
46、t study hard, sooner or later, we will fall b_ the other students. At first, I did not know what the word “exam” meant. Later I knew an exam was a kind of competition. In competitions, there are always w_ and losers. As I grew up, I got to know competition well. In ones life, there must be competitions, so people can improve. Each time I saw children playing games and heard their laughter, I wished I were that age again. However, I remembered my parents words: “You must work very hard in order to have a good f_.” So I picked up my pen and be