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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION 15 MINThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wr
2、ite the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash / and put
3、the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition it must often build it. (3) exhibit2013年Psycholinguistics is the name gi
4、ven to the study of the psychologicalprocesses involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) listening, reading, speaking, writing, and the memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that
5、it usually (2) happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking, looking at this page, (4) You normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity. (5) involved: if we are sea
6、rching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if (7) we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing- impaired or if we meetanyone
7、 else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstance”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out
8、careful (10) experiments to get at what is happening.2013参考答案：1. production改producing2. 去掉the3. of 后加the most of time 意为时常 most of the time 绝大多数时间4. looking5. we 前加that 强调句6. influenced改affected, influence 强调人或物对某人的影响，affect强调因为某种作用对某人或某物产生的影响，本句中指中风这一动作行为对语言的影响7. acquire 改acquiring observe sb. Doin
9、g sth.8. anyone 改someone9. evolved 改 involved10. were 改 are2012年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) _century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavored certain kin
10、d of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _century, when the study
11、of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _literal as possible. This view
12、culminated the statement of the (9) _extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified withe
13、ach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _ 2012参考答案：1 going since加入on 题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。2 certain改为a certain 题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”，第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。3 rather改为not 题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather应改为not。4 is 改为was 题解：此句应该为过去时。5 in 改为 at 题解：at the turn
14、of 19th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。6 the 删去第二个the 题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。7 viewtranslation加入that 题解：在view和translation之间加上that，可将“translation was impossible”看成view的同位语。8 was删去was 题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。9 culminatedthe加入in 题解：culminate in是“以.告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。10. and 改为but 题解：根据原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是
15、转折关系。2011年From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen （1）_and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscious （2）_that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should
16、have to （3）_settle down and write books. I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For （4）_ this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular through
17、out my （5）_schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from （6）_ the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the （7）_ feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a
18、power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that （8）_ this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back （9）_ for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious （10）_ i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not am
19、ount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2011参考答案：1. 在grow后加up, 考固定短语2. 改conscience为consciousness 考词语区别，conscience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consciousness翻译为“意识”3. 改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4. 在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位5.
20、改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannerisms令人讨厌的习惯6. 改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别 imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7. 改literal 为literary , 考词义区别， literal翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的”8. 去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法。9. 在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句10.
21、 改Therefore为However或者Nevertheless, 考语境。2010年So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other （1）_to say the things their speakers want to say. （2）_There may or may not be approp
22、riate to talk about primitive （3）_peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not thefault of their language. （4）_The Eskimos c
23、an speak about snow with further more （5）_precision and subtlety than we can inEnglish, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of thosesometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtlethan English. This example does not come to light a defect （6）_in English, a show of un
24、expected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similarenvironments.The English （7）_language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, （8）_presumably, if the environments in which English was habituallyused made such distinction as
25、 important. （9）_Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo languagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the （10）_Eskimos life. 2010参考答案：1. be后插入 as; asas引导的比较级2. their改为its; its代替every language3. There改为It; It此处作为
26、形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4. Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比5. further 改为much further不能修饰比较级6. come改为bring; (sth.)come to light , bring sth. to light (bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of English to light 揭示英语的缺陷)7. similar改为different; 根据语境应该用different8. will改为would; 虚拟语气9. as imp
27、ortant去掉as; 10. the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语2009年 The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, i
28、s not usually passed on again when thelittle listener(2)_has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingit may be something from twenty to seventy years. Withthe playground (4)_lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excite
29、dly passedon within the very hour(5)_it is learnt; and in the general, it passesbetween children of the (6)_same age,or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hu
30、ndred years, or (7)_even just for fifty, it follows that ithas been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance
31、to the (10)_original wording. 2009参考答案：(1) the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2) 改when 为until, 结构not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来
32、说，一般不用冠词）(7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致）(9) live 改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说2008年 The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery nat
33、ural one, and in result language has played a prominent (1)_part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate (2)_a given language to show that they are distinctive from another (3)_ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States (4)_split off from Britain, for exampl
34、e, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a (5)_different language from those of Britain. There was even one (6)_ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simp
35、ler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)_ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone (8)_ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. (9)_Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world (1
36、0)_that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.2008参考答案：1. in result 改成in consequence， 2. moves改成movements./ 去掉have ?3. distinctive改成distinct或different/ a 改 their?4. 在time后加when5. accepted 改成realized/ by 改wit
37、h， with表示行为动作的工具，后面的名词一般要加冠词，by表示动作的手段，后面的名词一律不带冠词6. those改成that7. 删除on,8. At 改成In9. carrying with 改成 carrying on with10. now改成 ago2007年 From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and
38、 in the earliest (1)_records of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2)_emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3)_originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4)_necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient reco
39、rds, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries (5)_than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in (6)_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises
40、 in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that (7)_such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference (8)_between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amuse
41、mentare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, (9)_whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional. (10)_2007参考答案：1. 改and为or, any language today or records of ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or2. 改show为showing, 现在分词作定语
42、3. 删除the, 表示泛指4. 改and为but, 根据语境此处是转折5. 改 large为larger, 后面有than, 应该用比较级6. 改in为on, on other grounds “ 基于其它理由”，为固定搭配/ disprove改prove, prove与后面构成转折关系？7. 改return为response , in response to “对作出反应”8. 删除on, emphasize sth. emphasize是及物动词 9. 在large前加a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 to a large extent翻译为“在很大程度上”10. 改 these为 those those that/who为固定形式2006年 We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well