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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语 名词性从句适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域全国课时时长120分钟知识点名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句教学目标使学生掌握同位语从句的几种类型教学重点主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的区别教学难点定语从句与同位语从句的区别教学过程一、 复习预习复合句分为哪几类？1、 名词性从句2、 形容词性从句3、 状语从句二、 知识讲解在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主
2、语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whe
3、ther you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural t
4、hat 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that Preside
5、nt Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句
6、不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则
7、不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她
8、不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made
9、a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that
10、 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误
11、表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为th
12、ink, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is b
13、ecause 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语
14、的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that
15、the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从
16、句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）三、 例题精析1.（10福建35） We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether答案：C考点：宾语从句解析：空格在句中充当宾语2.（10湖南35） Cindy shut the d
17、oor heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 答案D考点：考查名词性从句。解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。3.（10天津14）As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 答案： B考点：考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名
18、新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。 主语从句4.（10北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How答案：B考点: 本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。5（10浙江1）How about camping this weeken
19、d, just for a change?OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever答案：C考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。6（10浙江9）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether答案：B考点：本题考查主语
20、从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。同位语从句7.（10上海36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D.
21、 why答案：A考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。8. （10湖北74） The news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)答案：that the housing price will fall考点：同位语从句解析：用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “housing price”。宾语从句9. （10山东26） Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my
22、kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which答案:B考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。10.（10上海37） When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
23、 .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案：B考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。11（10四川14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 答案：B
24、考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”12. （10全国33） We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where 答案：D句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少
25、地点状语，因此选择D。13. （10湖北31）I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how答案：C考点: 宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。14. （10全国10）Have you finished the book?No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.wh
26、ere【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。表语从句15. （10江苏35）I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what选A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where用表语从句。16. （10北京32
27、）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案：B考点:本题考查表语从句。解析：从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。四、 课堂运用1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B.
28、No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put
29、forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he g
30、one7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bo
31、b can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. ifKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC课程小结 课后作业1. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. wh
32、ether2._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where3. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for4. ?_more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If5._he wi
33、ll go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If6. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How7._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what8. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That9. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped10. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKey: 15 BBCAB 610 BCBAA专心-专注-专业