微型ex-press引流器植入术与复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的疗效比较-李红梅.pdf

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1、A thesis submitted toZhengzhou Universityfor the degree of MasterComparison of Micro Ex-PRESS drainage implantation andcomplex trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucomaBy:Li HongmeiSupervisor:ProfHao YanyanOphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityMay,2014原创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位

2、论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。学位论文作者: 套纽榀 日期:纠午年箩月廖Et学位论文使用授权声明本人在导师指导下完成的论文及相关的职务作品,知识产权归属郑州大学。根据郑州大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅;本人授权郑州大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或者其他复制手段保存论文和

3、汇编本学位论文。本人离校后发表、使用学位论文或与该学位论文直接相关的学术论文或成果时,第一署名单位仍然为郑州大学。保密论文在解密后应遵守此规定。学位论文作者:套红杩 日期:中年5月廖日摘要微型ExPRESS引流器植入术与复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的疗效扛匕较研究生 李红梅导师 郝燕燕郑州大学第一附属医院眼科河南郑州450052摘要背景和目的青光眼是一种伴有眼压升高、神经节细胞凋亡致视野缺损不断进展的慢性视神经性病变。流行病学资料显示,预计到2020年全世界青光眼人数达8000万,其中我国青光眼的发病人数高达600万人。随着社会、环境、生活习惯的改变及现代眼科技术的发展,我国青光眼的类型比例也发

4、生改变,其中开角型青光眼的发病人数在增长。关于原发性青光眼致病基因的研究报道很多【1】【2】,但致病基因导致青光眼的发病机制尚不十分清楚,目前基因治疗仍处于动物试验阶段。青光眼发病的危险因素有眼压、家族史、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、炎症反应等,其中高眼压是视功能受损最具预测性的危险因素,也是青光眼治疗过程中的唯一可校正因剥31。目前降低眼压的方法主要有药物、手术和激光。小梁切除术依然是主要的抗青光眼手术【41,但其远期的高失败率和潜在的并发症很多,不是最为理想的手术方式。近年来国外不断报道“微型”引流装置植入术治疗青光眼,具有操作简单、并发症少、降压效果明确等优点。目前国内关于植入Ex-PRESS

5、引流器治疗青光眼的疗效和并发症的报道很少。本研究的目的是观察Ex-PRESS引流器和复合式小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效,并比较两种手术方式的治疗效果。摘要方法本研究为前瞻性研究。选择于我院就诊的青光眼患者53例(55眼),随机分组为试验组23例(25眼)采取Ex-PRESS引流器植入术;对照组30例(30Ilia)采取复合式小梁切除术。分别于术后l天、l周、1月、3月、6月记录两组的平均眼压、视力、使用抗青光眼药物数量、手术时间、手术成功率、和并发症情况,并进行两组间比较。所有数据用均数4-标准差表示,数据统计分析由SPSS 1 70软件处理,以PD)。33手术时间及使用降眼压药物的数

6、量分别记录两组患者的手术时间,ExPRESS组,小梁切除组分别为(235士23)rain,(348-1:23)rain,差异有统计学意义(P005)。34成功率术后6个月,ExPRESS组的手术成功20眼(80),小梁切除组手术成功23眼(767),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P005)。35并发症术后至随访结束,两组患者均未出现严重的脉络膜上腔出血、持续性低眼压等情况。表4两组并发症发生率比较#为差异有统计学意义两组患者总的并发症发生率相比,差异有统计学意义(pO999)。Dahan掣25】对15例青光眼患者的一眼施行ExPRESS引流钉植入术,另一眼施行复合式小梁切除术,随访236个月后发现

7、ExPRESS组的手术成功率明显高于小梁切除组,但二者的平均眼压比较无统计学意义,EX PRESS组的并发症的发生率相比小梁切除组低,20:33(P=o05),两组术后早期的低眼压率(术后1周内IOP30mmSg(16-87),低眼压,切口出血、,缝线脱出,未见眼内眼、脉络膜脱离、脉络膜上腔爆发性出血的报道。可见此术是一种安全有效的手术方法,但适应症较窄,对手术经验要求高。目前此术未广泛应用于临床。222 Eyepus檀入术Eyepass植入术是由Reay Brown和Mary Lynch于2003年首次提出并应用于临床上。Eyepass是一个呈叩形的硅胶管,内径为125pro,外径为250p

8、ro,两臂长6mm,联合部长度lmm。此装置经T线消毒,建议存放在15至30。其原理同Glaukos iStent微支架植入术。其手术方法是:同小梁切除术制作巩膜瓣后,切削Schlemm管的外侧壁,将两臂分别插入Schlemm管,联合部放置于前房,缝合巩膜瓣、结膜瓣即可。此术还可联合白内障超声乳化术。Dictlein等73】对12例POAG并白内障患者行Eyepass植入联合白内障超声乳化术,随访时间为(714-33)个月,随访结束时眼压由术前的(304+75)降至(183:t:45),说明Eyepass植入术适用于POAG患者的治疗,且并发症较小,手术相对安全。目前此术仍处于临床试验阶段,国

9、内未见相关报道,国外研究为小样本研究,其远期疗效还有待于进一步临床观察。223金质微型引流器植入术(gold micro-shunt implant,GMS)此引流装置是一个24K足金制成的无阀的微型引流平板,板内有数个网孔和微管。分为两个型号(xGS5和XGS10),二者均长52mm,前端宽24mm,后端宽32mm,不同之处在重量和微管的大小,XGS5重62mg,微管大小约20pro,XGS10重92rag,微管大小约401-n。其原理是:将房水引流至脉络膜上腔,增加了房水经葡萄膜巩膜通道的排出。手术方法是:上方做结膜切口,距角巩膜缘后25mm做巩膜切口,深度达全层巩膜,然后做90巩膜厚度的

10、隧道,放入引流器,确保前端放置在前房,后端位于脉络膜上腔。适用于靶眼压在16-20mmHg,不能耐受抗青光眼药物或小粱切除手术失败的青光眼患者。Figus掣74对55例难治性青光眼患者行GMS植入术,24个月后平均眼压有术3l综述前的276a:69降至137+298,应用降眼压药物数量由术前的25士09降至14+07,术中术后均为发生严重并发症,21例出现短暂的前房出血,手术成功率达673。该手术是一种安全有效的分流术,最常见的并发症是前房出血,影响术后眼压控制的因素是在金质微型引流装置网孔或微管处形成纤维膜,阻碍房水引流,可通过激光打开纤维膜,调控眼压。该引流装置价格昂贵,降压幅度有限,远期

11、效果有待进一步观察,目前仍处于临床试验阶段,未广泛应用于临床。3总结与展望高眼压是视功能继续受损中最具预测性的危险因素,亦是青光眼治疗过程中唯一的可矫正因素,因此青光眼的治疗目标是降低眼压,保存现有视功能,提高青光眼患者的生活质量。青光眼的手术方法一直处在发展与改进中,我们相信随着现代科技技术的发展,我们力求找到降眼压效果更佳、手术风险更小的手术方式的愿望会实现。不管是何种手术方式,都难以摆脱术后瘢痕问题,因此寻找更有效、更安全、更持久的抗瘢痕药物尤为重要。目前关于青光眼的基因治疗处在动物实验研究阶段,相信在不久的将来,我们可以从基因水平来治疗青光眼,解除青光眼患者的病痛。32参考文献(综述)

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48、ry shunt in refractory glaucomaJBr JOphthalmol。2011,95(11):1537154137个人简介、在学期间发表的学术论文集研究成果个人简介、在学期间发表的学术论文集研究成果个人简历:李红梅,女,1987年9月出生,山西省运城人,中共党员2006年9月至2011年7月就读于长治医学院临床专业,学士学位2011年9月至2014年7月就读于郑州大学第一附属医院眼科学研究方向:青光眼外语及计算机能力:大学英语六级,计算机三级研究生期间发表的论文:李红梅,郝燕燕青光眼小梁切除术后再次手术的临床观察【J】中华眼外伤职业眼病杂志,20144(36):280282为争38致谢致谢毕业在即,向给予我无限关心和爱护的暗示郝燕燕教授致以最诚挚的敬

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