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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词一英语学习内容框架1.语音(即48个国际音标); 2.语法:词法和句法;3.语汇(词汇)词法:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词(情态动词等)、介词,连词、感叹词、冠词。句法:主语从句,定语从句,宾语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、虚拟语气、 倒装句、主谓一致、非谓语动词、主动与被动、时态、名词性从句。个体名词一、 名词可数名词 【C】(一) 名词的种类不可数名词 【U】物质名词抽象名词普通名词名词 集体名词 China ,the Great Wall, the United States 专有名词(1) 个体名词:指单个人或者事物的名词。例如:book、
2、person 、pencil 、dog 、chair 、bike 等。(2) 集体名词:一群人或者一些事物的总称。例如:people 、family 、police 、class 、group 、team 等。(3) 物质名词:表示构成各种物体的物质或材料。例如:wood、stone 、water、paper、air、wool、steel等。(4) 抽象名词::knowledge danger health life homework等。二、名词复数的变化1.一般情况下,直接+S 例如:students cakes apples 2. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾,直接+es 例如: buses
3、boxes watches dishes但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时,只加 s。 stomach stomachs 读 /s/3. 以辅音字母加y结尾, 把y 改为I 再加es 例如:babybabies citycities ladyladies4. 元音字母加y结尾,直接加s 例如:toytoys monkeymonkeys 5. 以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe改为v,再加es 读 /vz/ half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves(1)特殊:chief首领 gulf 港湾 cl
4、iff悬崖 roof屋顶 safe 保险箱 (2) 直接加s或者把f或fe改为v,再加es,均可:handkerchief(餐巾纸) - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof(蹄)-hoofs/hooves一个negro爱吃potato种了tomato是个hero (黑人)有生命的加es 6. (1)以辅音字母加O结尾piano、photo、kilo、tabacco(烟叶)无生命的直接加s(2)以元音字母+o结尾,加 s 读 /z/ radio-radios bamboo-bamboos zoo-zoos volcano-volcanoes (火山) 7. 把
5、oo改为ee: foot feet tooth teeth goose-geese 8.单复同形:Chinese fish (鱼肉) sheep deer Japanese means-means(手段、方法)另外,还有 度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu(亩)9.不规则变化 ox-oxen(公牛)child children mouse mice louse-lice(虱子)man men men doctors woman women women teachers 10.表示“某个国家人”:a Chinese-two Chinese ; a
6、Janpanese-three Janpanese ; an American- two Americans ;an Arab-Arabsan ; Englishman -Englishmen ; a German-two Germans11. 复合名词的复数情况 原则:有中心词的将中心词变为复数,没有名词的将最后的词变为复数:looker-on-lookers-on(旁观者) go between-go betweens (中间人) sons-in-law(女婿)editor in chief-editors in chief a passer by -several passers by(
7、过路人)forget-me-nots grown-ups12. 集体名词:(集体名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在前加the表示“全体”)The police the English the French the Swiss the family 13. 有些词只有复数形式,没有单数形式:trousers clothes shorts(短裤) goods( )glasses(眼镜)compasses (圆规) 14. 有些外来词的不规则复数形式:analysis-analyses; basis-bases; thesis-theses; crisis-crisescriterion-criter
8、ia; phenomenon-phenomena; medium-media15. 个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。rains (雨季)sands (沙滩) snows (积雪)waters (海域、水域) works(作品)woods(森林) peoples(民族)arms武器 16. 以s结尾复数形式出现,仍为单数的名词(1) maths,physics等学科名词,不可数名词作单数。(2) news 为不可数名词,只能说a piece of news.(3) 国名:the United States,the United Nations 为单数(4) 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,
9、报纸,杂志名,也视为单数。: The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 17.当名词以连字符连接时, 名词一般保留单数形式: two-dozen eggs one hundred two hundred a ten-mile walk a five-year plan18.不可数名词:money、milk、bread、water、paper、juice、wood、work、people、advice 、 hair、fruit、time 、work、news(消息)、luck、fun(有趣的事),homework、advice(劝告
10、、建议),harm、progress、information、weather、wealth、furniture、luggagebaggage(行李) etc. 19.修饰不可数名词的短语a cup of(tea)一杯茶a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 a head of cattle 一头牛a piece of news(一则新闻) a bowl of soup 一碗汤 a block of ice 一块冰块 a glass of juice 一杯果汁a bottle of jam 一瓶果酱a lot of work a set of furniture一套家具20. 只能修饰可数
11、名词的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。2. 只能修饰不可数的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some, any, half, most, all,a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quant
12、ity of, quantities of等。21.词(Proper Nouns):指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称。Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years Day注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写二、名词的所有格名词所有格的概念:名词之间的所有关系。1.名词的后面直接加s Toms guitar my faters wish Wangchao Qiangs book 2. 词尾是以s结尾的复数是,只要加 birds nests my parents wishes Teachers Day 3. A和B的所属问题 John and
13、Marys room ( ) Johns and Marys rooms( )4.表示节日Childrens Day (6-1) April Fools Day (4-1) Womens Day (3-8) Fathers Day (六月第三个星期日) New Years Day(1-1)Mothers Day(五月第二个星期日) Teachers Day(9-1)National Day(10-1)5.表示时间、距离、国家、城市, 在词尾加s或“ ”an hours drive two weeks time thirteen tons weight 400 metres distance f
14、ive minutes walk todays newspaper 6.表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后常常省略被修饰的名词at the doctors (office) at Tims (home) at the Greens (home) at the tailors (shop) 7. of 的所有格 “of+名词” The top of the hill the environment of the city the life of the poor the economy of China 8“of+名词的所有格” a friend of my fathers a friend of Georges several friends of mine/hers/his/theirs/oursHe is a friend of my fathers(强调父亲不止他一个朋友)He is a friend of my father. (强调是我父亲的唯一一个朋友)附表:主格 I you he she itwe they形容词性所有格my your his her its our their宾格(动、介)me youhim her It usthem名词性所有格mine yours his hers its ours theirs专心-专注-专业