新概念一册知识点总结讲解.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结可编辑修改,可打印 别找了你想要的都有!精品训练资料全册教案,试卷,教学课件,教学设计等一站式服务可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结全力满意教学需求,真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源,打造完善教学模式新概念第一册 学问点总结(全)名词名词包括可数名词和不行数名词,可数名词有单复数变化。不行数名词没有。可数名词单数变复数规章:1) 单数名词加 s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3) 以辅

2、音字母加y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 es: cities, babies, enemies.4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,多数变f 为 v 加 es:wives,knives. 但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5) 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加 es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6) 不规章名词: foot feet,goose geese,tooth teeth,child children, man men, woman wome

3、n, sheep sheep, deer deer, mouse mice.代词第 一 人 称第二人第三人称人称主 格单数I复数we称单数you复数you单he数she复数itthey可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem词物主形 容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir代名词mineoursyouryourshishersitstheirs词性sI. 人称代词 :人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。 宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语 .Eg:a.Im a nurse.b.Could you help me .

4、II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词 , 后面要跟名词 , 指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词 :相当于一个名词 ,必需单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.Eg:a. Your school is small, mine is big.=my schoolb. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.=your pen时态一、一般现在时:概念:常常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweekday,year,mon

5、th ,once a week, on Sundays基本结构: be 动词。 行为动词否定形式: am/is/are+ not ;此时态的谓语动词如为行为动词,就在其前加 dont ,如主语为第三人称单数,就用doesnt ,同时 仍原 行为动词。一般疑问句: 把 be 动词放于句首。 用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,就用 does ,同时,仍原行为动词。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结My father is a doctor. Tom isn t at home.Are they policemen.I often get up at 7 oclock eve

6、ry morning. He doesn t like apples.Do you always read before going to bed. What do you usually do on Sundays.一般现在时句中,假如主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化规章如下:1) 一般情形下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以 s, x , ch , sh 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es 。 例如:goes teacheswashes3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如:studies tr

7、ies carries特别情形:动词 have 的第三人称单数是has 。例如: He has an interestingbook.二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night,month , in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time,.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结基本结构:

8、 be 动词。 行为动词否定形式: was/were+ not ;在行为动词前加 didnt ,同时仍原 行为动词。一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首。 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问, 同时仍原行为动词。I was at my mothers last week.Onceupona time,therewasa beautifulgirl whosenamewasSnow White.Lucy went to America five months ago.I didn t go to the cinema last night. Did Lily dance at the

9、 party.What did you do yesterday.动词的过去式变化:be 动词: am/is-wasare-were规章动词:1. 直接在词尾加clean cleaned-ed 。如 : want wanted, work worked, need needed,2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d 。如:like liked, live lived, use used,move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed 。如: stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词

10、, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed 。如:study studied,carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规章动词:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Have-hadeat-atedrink-drankgo-wentcome-camesee-saw hear-heardput-putcut-cut等等三、现在进行时 :概念:表示 此时此刻或现阶段正在 进行的动作及行为。时间状语: now, at this time, these days,基本结构: am/is/are+doing否定形式: am/is/are+not+doi

11、ng.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground. I am not reading anything.Is he waiting for the bus.What are you doing now.动词 ing 形式的变化规章:1 一般情形下,直接在动词后加ingwork - workingsleep - sleepingstudystudying2 动词以不发音的 e 结尾,要去 e 加 ingtake - takingmake - makingdancedancing3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母

12、,再加ingcut - cuttingput - puttingbeginbeginning4 以 ie 结尾的动词,把变成y 再加 inglie - lyingtie - tyingdiedying四、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构: was/were+doing否定形式: was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把 was 或 were

13、放于句首。I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday.五、现在完成时:概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语: already, just,yet, since , for ,.基本结构: have/has + done否定形式: have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句: have 或 has 。He h

14、as lost his wallet.I have already had my lunch.David hasn t finished his homework yet. Have you seen this film.Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here.动词过去分词变化规章:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结规章动词:规章动词的过去分词变化规章与过去式变化规章相同,包括4条。1. 直接在词尾加 -ed 。如 :

15、 want wanted, work worked, need needed,clean cleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d 。如:like liked, live lived, use used, move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed 。如: stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed 。如:study studied,carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规章动词:需要

16、特别记忆。Be动 词 -beenhave-hadgo-gonecome-comeeat-eaten drink-drunk等等六、过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。时间状语: before, after基本结构: had + done. .否定形式: had + not + done.一般疑问句: had 放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished h

17、is work.七、一般将来时:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、方案或预备做某事。时间状语: tomorrow,nextdayweek,month,year ,soon,inafew minutes, the day after tomorrow,基本结构: am/is/are going to + do。 will + do.否定形式: am/is/are not going to + do。 will not + do一般疑问句: be 放于句首。 will 提到句首。My family are going to Beijing

18、next week. It is going to rain.He will be 11 years old next year. We will leave in two hours.情态动词我们学过的情态动词有can, could, may, must, had better, have to情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形。Can1, 表示才能, “能够 ”I can swim very well.He can t sing or dance.2, 表示恳求, “可以 吗? ”Can I help you.Can you give the glass to me, please

19、.Could1, can 的过去式,表示过去的才能,“能够 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he cant.2, 表示恳求,比can更加委婉客气,此时could 非 can 的过去式。Could you help me, please. Could you bring the book to me. Could I borrow your bike.May表示恳求,比can 稍加委婉客气。 “可以 吗? ”May I come in.May I use your pen.Mus

20、t1, 表示 “必需 ”I must go now.You must finish your work before you leave the company.2, mustn t 表示 “禁止 ”Kate , you mustn t play with the knife, because it is too dangerous. You mustn t smoke in the classroom.Had better“最好 ” 否定形式: had better notYou had better put on more clothes. It is cold outside. We d

21、 better leave at once.You had better not eat eggs.You d better not go out at this time. Have to“不得不 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结David has to take care of his litter sister because his parents are not at home.They have to stay at home because it is raining heavily outside.形容词的原级,比较级和最高级(一)规章变化:1. 绝大多数的单

22、音节,词尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest2. 以不发音的e 结尾的单音节词只加 -r, -stnice nicer nicest ,able abler ablest 3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的双音节词,改y 为 i 再加 -er , -esteasy easier easiest 4只包含一个元音,并且以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -er ,-estbig bigger biggesthot-hotter-hottest 5少数以 -er , -ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加 -er ,-estclever cleverer clever

23、est,narrow narrower narrowest 6其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more ,most 来构成比较级和最高级Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful Expensive-more expensive-most expensive(二)不规章变化常见的有:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结good / well better best ;bad /badly/ ill worse worst ; many / much more most ;little less least ;用法:1. 原级: as +形容词原级

24、 +as (否定为 not so/as +形容词原级 +as ) “和 一样”This room is as big as that one.I have as many books as you have. You are not as tall as I.2. 比较级 + than用于两者之间的比较“比 更”This shirt is cheaper. He is older than I.Lucy is more beautiful than her sister.7 the + 最高级 + 比较范畴He is the tallest of the boys. He is the tal

25、lest in his class.This is the largest dress in the shop. I want the most expensive shoes.Have 用作实义动词时的用法。1. Have作为 “有”的意思,表示某人 “拥有 ”某物。例如:Do you have a soccer ball.你有一个足球吗!Does he have a ping-pong ball.他有一个乒乓球吗!可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I have a new alarm clock.我有一个新的闹钟。Mary has two pen pals in Canada

26、.玛丽在加拿大有两个笔友。2. Have有“吃、喝 ”的意思,有时相当于动词“eat ”或者 “drink ”。例如: I often have milk and eggs for breakfast.我早饭常常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋。 Do you usually have tea in the afternoon.你通常下午喝茶吗?Tom usually has lunch at school every day.汤姆每天在学校吃午饭。3. Have仍可以用来描述病情,构成诸如have a cold /have a toothache/ have a fever/have a sore back/h

27、ave a pain in/on等固定搭配,例如:-“What s the matter.”你怎么了?-“I have a toothache.”我牙疼。4. Have与不定式符号 “to ”构成固定词组have to do something,用来表示义务必需做某事,其意思与must 相当。例如:-Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday.珍妮,星期天能来参与我的聚会吗?-I d love to.我很愿意去。-How about you.你了?-I m sorry, I have to help my parents.愧疚,我得照料我的父母。5. 我

28、们仍常见到如下的固定搭配:have a walk /have a swim /have a rest/have a try/have a look at/ have a good time。比如:Let s lie down and have a rest.让我们躺下休息一下吧常见的介词的用法On可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. 在.上 (有接触点)There is a picture on the wall.over, on表示 “在 上”之间的区分(1) over 指“在 正上方 ”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under 。如:The bridge is over the

29、 river.(2) on 表示 “在 上面 ”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:There is a map on the wall.The earth felt soft beneath our feet.2. 指时间( 1)在详细的某一天,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如: On May 4th, there will be a celebration.It will rain on Tuesday.( 2)在详细某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如: He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th.In1. 在.里面He is in the

30、 classroom.2. 表示的点,在 。My uncle lives in Shanghai. Life is difficult in America.2. 表示时间。( 1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening,等等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结( 2)在一段时间之后。 一般情形下, 用于将来时, 谓语动词为瞬时动词,意为 “在 以后 ”。如:He will arrive in two hours.At1

31、. 指时间:时间的一点、时刻等。如:They came home at ten o另外留意一些固定搭配:clock .at noon, at midnight, at night3. 指的点:在一些小的方。如:At homeat the butchersat the dentistsat the hairdressers in the front of是指某物 或某整体 内部的前部 ;in front of指某物 或某整体 外部的前面 .例如:The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. There is a tree in fr

32、ont of the house.Behind在 后面The photo is behind the door. Under在 .下面Mary is sitting under the tree in the garden.Across穿过 横渡Don t walk across the road when the traffic lights are red. Off从 离开Jump off the wall.Take off your coat.Into进Many children are going into the school.Out of出可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归

33、纳总结He run out of the house.英语中时间的表达方式1. 表示整点:时间 +o clock Seven o clock2、假如分钟在半小时以内(包括半小时) ,表示 “几点过几分 ”,句式为 “分钟 +past+ 小时 ”。如:eleven past seven3 、假如分钟在半小时以上(不包括半小时) ,表示 “几点差几分 ”,句式为 “( 60 分钟) +to+ (小时 +1 )”,如:two to sevena quarter to eight4、quarter 意思是 “四分之一 ”,用在时间中表示 “一刻钟 , 15 分钟 ”。 three quarter 表示

34、 “三刻钟 ”即“45 分钟 ”。不过,半小时可不是 two quarter. 而是 “half ”a quarter past eight八点一刻half past nine九点半5、日常生活中用口语表达时间时,可以直接照书面数字读。如: 7:15 读作 seven fifteen11:30 读作 eleven thirty3:53 读作 three fifty-three6、时间后面的am 指上午。 pm 就指下午。9.p.m下午 9 点5.a.m上午 5 点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7、表达 “在几点几分 ”,用 at+ 时间。如:My father begins

35、to work at eight.我的爸爸八点开头工作。英语中日期的表达方式(一)书写方面先看下面的两个例子:1. 1986 年 10 月 23 日 October 23rd, 19862. 2002 年 1 月 17 日 January 17th, 2002从上面的例子可以看出,英语日期的表达与汉语不同。英语表达的次序为月、日、年 。(二)朗读方面在朗读时, 月份一般直接用英语读出。日就要读成 the +序数词 。 读年份时,一般分为两个单位来读,前两个数为一个单位,后两个数为一个单位。如: 1982年读作 nineteeneighty-two,1900年读作nineteenhundred

36、。假如是三位数,先读第一位,再把后两个数合起来读。如:984 年可读为 nine eighty-four,757年读成 seven fifty-seven。另外,像 2000 年一般读成 two thousand, 2001年就读成 two thousand and one, 以此类推, 2004 年应读成 two thousand and four。January 12th, 1993读成 January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。留意:英语中月份和星期名称都是专出名词,它们的首字母必需大写 ,并且前面 无需用冠词 。用英语表示日期,其次序为“月日

37、年 ”, 日和年之间需用逗号隔开。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结如: August 2nd , 20032003年 8 月 2 日。也可以用 “日月年 ”来表示。如: 10th May , 20032003年 5 月 10 日。英语日期前介词的使用:如指在哪一年或哪一月,就用介词in ,如具体到某一天,就需用介词on不规章动词表原形过去式过去分词意义arisearosearisen显现bewas, werebeen是beatbeatbeaten击败becomebecamebecome成为beginbeganbegun开头bendbentbent弯曲betbetbet打赌bit

38、ebitbitten咬bleedbledbled流血blowblewblown打击breakbrokebroken打破bringbroughtbrought带来broadcastbroadcastbroadcast广播buildbuiltbuilt建设burnburnt, burnedburnt, burned燃烧burstburstburst爆裂可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结buyboughtbought购买cancould-可以catchcaughtcaught捕获choosechosechosen挑选comecamecome来costcostcost花费cutcutcu

39、t切dealdealtdealt处理digdugdug挖dodiddone做drawdrewdrawn画dreamt,dreamt,dreamdreameddreamed理想drinkdrankdrunk喝drivedrovedriven开车eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen下降feedfedfed饲养feelfeltfelt感觉fightfoughtfought战役findfoundfound发觉flyflewflown飞foreseeforesawforeseen预见可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结forgetforgotforgotten遗忘forgiv

40、eforgaveforgiven原谅freezefrozefrozen冻结getgotgot获得givegavegiven给gowentgone去growgrewgrown增长hanghung ,hangedhung, hanged挂have, hashadhad有hearheardheard听hidehidhidden隐匿hithithit击中holdheldheld举办hurthurthurt损害keepkeptkept保持knowknewknown知道laylaidlaid躺在leadledled领导learnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learned学习leavele

41、ftleft离开lendlentlent借出letletlet让可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结lielaylain撒谎lightlit, lightedlit, lighted照亮loselostlost失去makemademade使maymight-可能meanmeantmeant意思meetmetmet见面misreadmisreadmisread误会mistakemistookmistaken错误misunderstmisunderstooanddmisunderstood误会mustmust-必需paypaidpaid付putputput放readreadread读ridrid, riddedrid, ridded摆脱rideroderidden骑ringrangrung响riseroserisen上升runranrun跑saysaidsaid说seesawseen看seeksoughtsought寻求可编辑资料 - - -

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