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1、 专业英语论文考核 .窗体顶端Application and Development of Lightweight Material for Automobile窗体底端Abstract Car lightweight is an important means to achieve energy-saving emission reduction and methods, in improving the fuel economy and environmental protection has an important role. At present, the lightweight n
2、ew material is the main way of the current body weight reduction, through the multi-material structure optimization, both to improve vehicle performance, but also significantly reduce the quality. This chapter discusses the performance and application of several lightweight materials, describes the
3、development of lightweight materials in the automotive industry and the application of the trendKey words: automotive ；lightweight ；lightweight materialsPreface窗体顶端窗体顶端 The study of lightweight car is a mainstream of modern car design and manufacturing. Car lightweight, is to ensure the strength and
4、 safety of the car under the premise of the car as much as possible to reduce the quality of the preparation, thereby enhancing the vehicles power, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Data show that if the car to reduce the quality of 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to
5、8%, fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% to 10%. Fuel consumption decline, emissions also decreased, while resource utilization increased, extended life of the car, the use of performance has improved significantly. Car body quality accounts for about 50% of the quality of the vehicle, it is clear
6、that the lightweight body for the vehicle lightweight play a pivotal role 1. At present, the car body weight reduction has two main research directions: First, the use of lightweight materials; Second, optimize the structure. Structural optimization potential space has been very small, the gradual u
7、se of lightweight new materials is the current body of one of the main means of lightweight.1 New high strength steelIn recent years, with the progress of metallurgical technology, on the basis of high-strength steel, with ultra-low carbon as the basic characteristics, and gradually formed with deep
8、 drawing, high strength, baking hardening performance of new high-strength steel. At present, the use of high-strength automotive body is mainly sheet metal and pipe. Mainly: (1) BH steel (bake hardening steel). BH steel plate yield strength in the baking paint increased, without loss of formability
9、 under the premise of improving the anti-depression, can reduce the steel plate, mainly for high strength and difficult to form parts, such as roof, Doors, luggage and other components, the main use of tensile strength of 340 390MPa BH steel plate. (2) RIP steel (phase change induced plastic steel).
10、 Mainly used for the collision must absorb more energy when the high-strength structural parts, such as body frame. (3) MS steel (martensitic phase steel). Used to hit the high impact parts, that is, in a very short collision deformation stroke to absorb a lot of energy, such as side crash protectio
11、n. (4) boron steel. Used to require high strength and high degree of molding of parts, can minimize the quality. Such as A, B column reinforcement, etc. 2.Practice has proved that when the thickness of the steel were reduced 0.05,0.10,0.15 mm, the body weight loss were 6%, 12%, 18%. In terms of deve
12、lopment trends, the use of new high-strength steel plate in the body is constantly thinning, while the body strength has increased, while increasing the safety of the car, reducing noise and vibration, improve fuel efficiency and reduce the overall quality of the car. The cost did not increase, whil
13、e the acceleration, driving performance has improved. Whether from the cost point of view, or from the performance point of view, the new high-strength steel plate is to meet the lightweight body to improve the safety of the collision of the best materials. The proportion of new high-strength steel
14、plates used in various automobile factories is increasing. Japans Mitsubishi Pajero (SPORT) for the companys latest SUV car designed a new body structure, body 70% of the components made of high-strength steel plate, the vehicles torsional stiffness even higher than the Grand Cherokee 45% Body carry
15、ing capacity of up to 2t or more. Fords Windstar body frame 60% is high strength steel. Toyotas new Vitz body structure in high-strength steel accounted for 48%, than the companys Starlet car to reduce the quality of 17kg.However, the high strength of the steel sheet is liable to cause a decrease in
16、 plasticity, a poor formability, and an increase in yield strength, which causes surface distortion and springback, and increases the shapes instability. Thus, high strength steel sheets are a difficult to form material. Thermoforming technology is a new type of high-strength stamping parts for the
17、advanced manufacturing technology, can be used to form a strength of up to 1500MPa stamping parts, including the thermoforming process is stamping The frontier technology of the field can be widely used in the production of front and rear bumper, A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar, roof structure, door in
18、terior plate, door anti-collision beam and other components.2 light alloy material2.1 aluminum and aluminum alloyAluminum is the ideal choice for lightweight car, the resource is wide, lightweight, recycling, saving resources, absorbing impact energy, corrosion resistance, is the best overall perfor
19、mance of the basic material. The aluminum alloy used in the body is mainly deformed aluminum alloy, mainly AI-Cu-Mg system (2000 series), AI-Mg system (5000 series), AI-Mg-Si series (6000 series), AI-Mg- Zn-Cu system. Which 2000 series and 6000 series is heat treatment can strengthen the alloy, whil
20、e the 5000 series is heat treatment can not strengthen the alloy. The former through the coating drying process after the strength is improved, mainly for the body outside the board and other emphasis on strength, stiffness of the site, such as car cover, hood, lift rear door, front fender, etc .; t
21、he latter excellent shape, Mainly used in the body plate and other complex parts of the shape, such as car floor structure and so on. At present, low density, high strength, high elastic modulus and superplasticity of the AI-Li alloy and aluminum anti-vibration plate, etc. has been gradually applied
22、 to the body.Aluminum alloy has good formability. Aluminum alloy body structure mainly used aluminum extrusion profiles as the main body of the space frame structure, generally with medium and strong aluminum can meet the requirements. Extrusion profiles are mainly hollow materials, in addition to l
23、ight weight, high rigidity, high temperature strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance is also very good, and can be welded, surface treatment and bending processing. The current aluminum body is made of thick-walled forged aluminum beams, and is more advantageous than stamping thin steel in t
24、erms of structural strength and stiffness, and the overall stability of the mechanism is better. Lightweight and high-strength aluminum body more solid than the traditional steel body, and do not worry about corrosion caused by the reduction of strength 3.From the aluminum panel application developm
25、ent trend, high strength, good forming processability, excellent surface quality aluminum plate will replace the steel plate as the main material of the car cover. The late 90s of the 20th century, there have been from the hood, fender and other parts of the body aluminum plate gradually developed i
26、nto the body all the use of aluminum panels of the car, compared to steel plate by 40% to 50% of the results. Europe and the United States more developed aluminum industry, so Europe and the United States in the aluminum car to go ahead Europe and the United States and Japan in the automotive indust
27、ry competition and its domestic energy and environmental legislation to promote the acceleration of the car lightweight (aluminum) pace. Germany Audi A8 sedan body are made of aluminum, the framework of three-dimensional frame structure, the cover for the aluminum stamping, was rated as one of the w
28、orlds important scientific and technological achievements in 1994 one of the 100. This aluminum body compared with the steel body, the quality of 30% to 50%, fuel consumption reduced by 5% to 8%. Japan Hondas car body with aluminum alloy up to 162kg, steel body weight loss of about 40%. And Chinas a
29、luminum production, prices, the comprehensive impact of the technical level of the automotive industry, making aluminum and its alloys still can not be used in a large number of cars. Increase the variety, improve quality and reduce costs, has become Chinas aluminum processing industry and the autom
30、otive industry to the worlds advanced level of development research。Specific strength and specific stiffness of aluminum metal-based composite materials research and development success for the further development of automotive lightweight provides a way. Germanys Kaman company developed a laminated
31、 aluminum, the outer layer is aluminum, the middle is foam aluminum, used as body panels, stiffness increased by 10 times, while the quality of 50%. Hyundai is developing a high-performance, high-speed, safe, comfortable, energy-saving and low-pollution direction. The development of high-performance
32、 automotive aluminum alloy and the recycling of scrap automotive materials has become an imperative issue. Scientific research and investment will bring huge economic and social benefits. With the rapid solidification of aluminum alloy, powder metallurgy aluminum alloy, superplasticity aluminum allo
33、y, aluminum composite materials and foam aluminum and other new materials development and application of the future aluminum in the automotive application will be further expanded, and will show castings, Profiles, plates simultaneously situation. Aluminum is expected to be the second largest automo
34、tive material after steel 4.2.2 magnesium alloyMagnesium alloy is a lighter weight material than aluminum alloy, heat, pressure, corrosion resistance and easy to use, is a typical green structural materials. At present, the deformation of the magnesium alloy material for the body structure of the Un
35、ited States developed high strength ZK60 deformation of magnesium alloy, developed by Japan ultra-high strength IM Mg - Y deformation of magnesium alloy, and can be cold processing of magnesium alloy sheet. Europe is using and developing more than 60 kinds of magnesium alloy auto parts. Germany to f
36、ly more cooperation with the German Volkswagen, ready to replace its patented product magnesium alloy Mn E21 a car car body parts, such as front and rear bumper, roof beams and door anti-collision rods and so on. If the success of the replacement, will greatly reduce the cars body quality 5.China is
37、 a large resource of magnesium, magnesium ore products and more species, rich reserves, accounting for the worlds available magnesium reserves of about 70% of reserves. 2010 magnesium alloy production line in Chinas Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Ningxia, Chongqing and other places put into operation, in
38、cluding magnesium-based alloy auto parts project has been in the development and production. Magnesium alloy in the automotive application increased year by year, is expected in the next 20 years, the amount of magnesium on the car will be more than 100kg per vehicle, is the current use of 30 times.
39、 Magnesium will become a new material for most structural parts of the car.3 engineering plastics and composite materialsEngineering plastics and composites are another important type of automotive lightweight material. Compared with the general plastic, engineering plastics have excellent mechanica
40、l properties, chemical resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, dimensional stability and other characteristics, than the replacement of metal materials and light energy when molding less. At present, most of the engineering plastics used in the body inside and outside the trim, such as body fe
41、nder, rear panel, dashboard, door panels, ceiling, side liner lining, door anti-collision, handrails, windows, heat Cover, and so on. Compared to metal can be reduced by 40%, and can withstand erosion and slight collision, in the case of low-speed collision without maintenance, from the manufacturin
42、g point of view compared to metal has greater freedom of modeling to enhance, but also facilitate the integration of parts, from the pedestrian protection Consider, is also ideal material. Ford developed the LTD test car, plastic body after the lightweight aspects of the obvious results, the vehicle
43、 weight loss of up to 300kg or more. The scope of application of engineering plastics in automobiles is expanding from interior parts to exterior parts, bodywork and structural parts. The future development direction is to develop structural parts, reinforced plastic composites for exterior parts, h
44、igh performance resin materials and plastics, and Will pay more attention to the recyclability of materials.Fiber reinforced plastic is a composite fiber and plastic composite materials. Commonly used is glass fiber and thermosetting resin composite material. This kind of composite material has the
45、advantages of small density, flexible design, easy molding, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, impact resistance, anti-vibration, easy coating, high strength, high elastic modulus, mechanical properties similar to metal materials, Under certain conditions, there is a metal sheet can not match th
46、e advantages of quality reduction and strength to achieve even more than the aluminum, while the overall cost is lower. At present in the car body has been widely used in the useful glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester chip molding compound (SMC) manufacturing body air deflector, the front f
47、ender and the front fender extension parts, headlamps, hood, Decorative pieces, tail plate, etc .; with the transfer molding technology (RTM) manufacturing body plate stiffeners, etc.Carbon fiber (CFRP) is a fibrous filamentous composite material, which needs to be woven into a sheet like a woven fa
48、bric during the molding process and is wetted and cured with an organic glue. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have excellent toughness and tensile strength, and the quality of steel only 1/4 6. Lightweight, high-strength features are required for high-performance cars, the current
49、Ferrari, Lamborghini and other sports car body made of carbon fiber. CFRP is expected to use the car body to reduce the quality of 40% to 60%, equivalent to the quality of steel 1/3 to 1/6. However, due to the high cost of carbon fiber reinforced composites, its use in the automotive industry is limited. In order to reduce the cost of carbon fiber reinforced composites and increase the amount of carbon fiber reinforced com