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1、精品学习资源专业英语论文考核专业年级 机械电子 141姓 名 韦 继 虎学 号 1611140109指导老师 董文彬完成时间2021 年 6 月 10 日欢迎下载精品学习资源ApplicationandDevelopmentofLightweight Material for AutomobileAbstractCar lightweight is an important means to achieve energy-saving emission reduction and methods, in improving the fuel economy and environmental
2、protection has an important role. At present, the lightweight new material is the main way of the current body weight reduction, through the multi-material structure optimization, both to improve vehicle performance, but also significantly reduce the quality. This chapter discusses the performance a
3、nd application of several lightweight materials, describes the development of lightweight materials in the automotive industry and the application of the trendKey words: automotive ； lightweight ； lightweight materials欢迎下载精品学习资源PrefaceThe study oflightweightcar isa mainstream ofmodern car design and
4、 manufacturing. Car lightweight, is to ensure the strength and safety of the car under the premise of the car as much as possible to reduce the quality of the preparation, thereby enhancing the vehicles power, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Data show that if the car to reduce
5、the quality of 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%, fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% to 10%. Fuel consumption decline, emissions also decreased, while resource utilization increased, extended life of the car, the use of performance has improved significantly. Car body quality acco
6、unts for about 50% of the quality of the vehicle, it is clear that the lightweight body for the vehicle lightweight play a pivotal role 1. At present, the car body weight reduction has two main research directions: First, the use of lightweightmaterials； Second, optimize the structure. Structural op
7、timization potential space has been very small, the gradual use of lightweight new materials is the current body of one of the main means of lightweight.1 New high strength steelIn recent years, with the progress of metallurgical technology, on the basis of high-strength steel, with ultra-lowcarbon
8、as the basic characteristics, and gradually formed with deep drawing, high strength, baking hardening performance of new high- strength steel. At present, the use of high-strength automotive body ismainly sheet metal and pipe. Mainly:1 BH steel bake hardening steel. BH steel plate yield strength in
9、the baking paint increased, without loss of formability under the premise of improving the anti-depression, can reduce the steel plate, mainly for high strength and difficult toform parts, such as roof, Doors, luggage and other components, the main use of tensile strength of 340 390MPa BH steel plat
10、e. 2 RIP steel phase change induced plastic steel. Mainly used for the collision must absorb more energy when the high-strength structural parts, such as body frame. 3 MS steel martensitic欢迎下载精品学习资源phase steel. Used to hit the high impact parts, that is, in a very short collision deformation stroke
11、to absorb a lot of energy, such as side crash protection. 4 boron steel. Used to require high strength and high degree of molding of parts, can minimize the quality. Such as A, B column reinforcement, etc. 2.Practice has proved thatwhen the thickness ofthe steel were reduced 0.05,0.10,0.15 mm, the b
12、odyweightloss were 6%, 12%, 18%. Interms of development trends, the use of new high-strength steel plate in the body is constantly thinning, while the body strength has increased, while increasing the safety of the car, reducing noise and vibration, improve fuel efficiency and reduce the overall qua
13、lity of the car. The cost did not increase, while the acceleration, driving performance has improved. Whether from the cost point of view, or from the performance point of view, the new high-strength steel plate is to meet the lightweight body to improve the safety of the collision of the best mater
14、ials. The proportion of new high-strength steel plates used in various automobile factories is increasing. JapansMitsubishi Pajero SPORT for the companys latest SUV car designed a new body structure, body 70% of the components made of high-strength steel plate, the vehicles torsional stiffness even
15、higher than the Grand Cherokee 45% Body carrying capacity of up to 2t or more. Fords Windstar body frame 60% is high strength steel. Toyotas new Vitz body structure in high-strength steel accounted for 48%, than the companys Starlet car to reduce the quality of 17kg.However, the high strength of the
16、 steel sheet is liable to cause a decrease in plasticity, a poor formability, and an increase in yield strength, which causes surface distortion and springback, and increases the shapesinstability. Thus, high strength steel sheets are a difficult to form material. Thermoforming technology is a new t
17、ype of high-strength stamping parts for the advanced manufacturing technology, can be used to form a strength of up to 1500MPa stamping parts, including the thermoforming process is stamping The frontier technology of the field can be widely used in the production of front and rear bumper, A-pillar,
18、 B-pillar, C-pillar, roof structure, door interior plate, door anti-collision beam and other components.欢迎下载精品学习资源2 light alloy material2.1 aluminum and aluminum alloyAluminumisthe ideal choice forlightweightcar, the resource iswide, lightweight,recycling,savingresources, absorbingimpactenergy, corr
19、osion resistance, is the best overall performance of the basic material. The aluminum alloy used in the body is mainly deformed aluminum alloy, mainly AI-Cu-Mg system 2000 series, AI-Mgsystem 5000 series, AI-Mg-Siseries 6000 series, AI-Mg-Zn-Cu system. Which 2000 series and 6000 series is heat treat
20、ment can strengthen the alloy, while the 5000 series is heat treatment can not strengthen the alloy. The former through the coating drying process after the strength is improved, mainly for the body outside the board and other emphasis on strength, stiffness of the site, such as car cover, hood, lif
21、t rear door, front fender, etc .； the latter excellent shape, Mainly usedin the body plate and other complex parts of the shape, such as car floor structure andso on. At present, low density, high strength, high elastic modulus and superplasticity of the AI-Li alloy and aluminum anti-vibration plate
22、, etc. has been gradually applied to the body.Aluminum alloy has good formability. Aluminum alloy body structure mainly used aluminum extrusion profiles as the main body of the space frame structure, generally with medium and strong aluminum can meet the requirements. Extrusion profiles are mainly h
23、ollow materials, in addition to light weight, high rigidity, high temperature strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance is also very good, and can be welded, surface treatment and bending processing. The current aluminum body is made of thick-walledforged aluminum beams, and is more advantageo
24、us than stamping thin steel in terms of structural strength and stiffness, and the overall stability of the mechanism is better. Lightweight and high-strength aluminum body more solid than the traditional steel body, and do not worry about corrosion caused by the reduction of strength 3.欢迎下载精品学习资源Fr
25、om the aluminum panel application development trend, high strength, good forming processability, excellent surface quality aluminum plate will replace the steel plate as the main material of the car cover. The late 90s of the 20th century, there have been from the hood, fender and other parts of the
26、 body aluminum plate gradually developed into the body all the use of aluminum panels of the car, compared to steel plate by 40% to 50% of the results. Europe and the United States more developed aluminum industry, so Europe and the United States in the aluminum car to go ahead Europe and the United
27、 States and Japan in the automotive industry competition and its domestic energy and environmental legislation to promote the acceleration of the car lightweight aluminum pace. Germany Audi A8 sedan body are made of aluminum,the framework of three-dimensional frame structure, the cover for the alumi
28、numstamping, was rated as one of the worlds important scientific and technological achievements in 1994 one of the 100. This aluminum body compared with the steel body, the quality of 30% to 50%, fuel consumption reduced by 5% to 8%. Japan Hondas car body with aluminum alloy up to 162kg, steel body
29、weight loss of about 40%. And Chinas aluminum production, prices, the comprehensive impact of the technical level of the automotive industry, making aluminum and its alloys still cannot be used in a large number of cars. Increase the variety, improve quality and reducecosts, has become Chinas alumin
30、um processing industry and the automotive industry to the worlds advanced level of development researc；hSpecific strength and specific stiffness of aluminum metal-based composite materials research anddevelopment success forthefurtherdevelopment of automotive lightweight provides a way. Germanys Kam
31、an company developed a laminated aluminum, the outer layer is aluminum, the middle is foam aluminum, used as body panels, stiffness increased by 10 times, while the quality of 50%. Hyundai is developing a high-performance, high-speed, safe, comfortable, energy-saving and low-pollution direction. The
32、 development of high-performance automotive aluminum alloy and the recycling of scrap automotive materials has become an imperative issue. Scientific research and investment will bring huge economic and social benefits. With欢迎下载精品学习资源the rapid solidificationofaluminum alloy,powder metallurgyaluminum
33、 alloy, superplasticity aluminum alloy, aluminum composite materials and foam aluminum and other new materials development and application of the future aluminum in the automotive application willbe further expanded, and willshow castings, Profiles, plates simultaneously situation. Aluminumis expect
34、ed to be the second largest automotive material after steel 4.2.2 magnesium alloyMagnesium alloy is a lighter weight material than aluminum alloy, heat, pressure, corrosion resistance and easy to use, is a typical green structural materials. At present, the deformation of the magnesium alloy materia
35、l for the body structure of the United States developed high strength ZK60 deformation of magnesium alloy, developed by Japan ultra-high strength IM Mg - Y deformation of magnesium alloy, and can be cold processing of magnesium alloy sheet. Europe is using and developing more than 60 kinds of magnes
36、ium alloy auto parts. Germany to fly more cooperation with the German Volkswagen, ready to replace its patented product magnesium alloy Mn E21a car car body parts, such as front and rear bumper, roof beams and door anti-collision rods and so on. If the success of the replacement, will greatly reduce
37、 the cars body quality 5.China is a large resource of magnesium, magnesium ore products and more species, rich reserves, accounting for the worlds available magnesium reserves of about 70% of reserves. 2021 magnesium alloy production line in Chinas Shanxi, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Ningxia, Chongqing and ot
38、her places put into operation, including magnesium-based alloy auto parts project has been in the development and production. Magnesium alloy in the automotive application increased year by year, is expected in the next 20 years, the amount of magnesium on the car will be more than 100kg per vehicle
39、, is the current use of 30 times. Magnesium will become a new material for most structural parts of the car.欢迎下载精品学习资源3 engineering plastics and composite materialsEngineering plastics and composites are another important type of automotive lightweight material. Compared with the general plastic, en
40、gineering plastics have excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, dimensional stabilityand other characteristics, than the replacement ofmetal materials and light energy when molding less. At present, most of the engineering plastics used in the body ins
41、ide and outside the trim, such as body fender, rear panel, dashboard, door panels, ceiling,side linerlining,door anti-collision,handrails, windows, heat Cover, and so on. Compared to metal can be reduced by 40%, and can withstand erosion and slight collision, in the case of low-speed collision witho
42、ut maintenance, from the manufacturing point of view compared to metal has greater freedom of modeling to enhance, but also facilitate the integration of parts, from the pedestrian protection Consider, is also ideal material. Ford developed the LTD test car, plastic body after the lightweight aspect
43、sof the obvious results, the vehicle weight loss of up to 300kg or more. The scope of application of engineering plastics in automobiles is expanding frominteriorparts toexteriorparts, bodyworkand structural parts. The future development direction is to develop structural parts, reinforced plastic c
44、omposites for exterior parts, high performance resin materials and plastics, and Will pay more attention to the recyclability of materials.Fiber reinforced plastic is a composite fiber and plastic composite materials. Commonly used is glass fiber and thermosetting resin composite material. This kind
45、 of composite material has the advantages of small density, flexible design, easy molding, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, impact resistance, anti-vibration, easy coating, high strength, high elastic modulus, mechanical properties similar to metal materials, Under certain conditions, there is
46、 a metal sheet can not match theadvantages of quality reduction and strength to achieve even more than the aluminum, while the overall cost is lower. At present in the car body has been widely used in the useful glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester chip molding compound SMC欢迎下载精品学习资源manufact
47、uring body air deflector, the front fender and the front fender extension parts, headlamps, hood, Decorative pieces, tail plate, etc . ； with the transfer molding technology RTM manufacturing body plate stiffeners, etc.Carbon fiber CFRP is a fibrous filamentous composite material, which needs to be
48、woven into a sheet like a woven fabric during the molding process and is wetted and cured with an organic glue. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have excellent toughness and tensile strength, and the quality of steel only 1/4 6.Lightweight,high-strength features are required forhigh-performance cars, the current Ferrari, Lamborghini and other sports car body made of carbon fiber. CFRP is expected to use the car body to reduce the quality of 40% to 60%, equiv