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1、. .44 个 长 难 句(01) (10-R-1) We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in whic
2、h it appeared. (49 words)【译文】我们甚至感到陌生的是：从20世纪初期到第二次世界大战之前，这一期间的英国报纸评论内容不拘一格。那时候报纸非常廉价，而且人们认为发表时尚的人文批评可以给登载评论的出版物增加色彩。【分解】句子的主干为:“We are removed from reviews 句子主干局部 at a time 时间状语 。细化分析：“published过去分词短语修饰“reviews，其后紧接“in England与“between 地点和时间状语。之后，“at a time与“between之间相互解释，“time之后的“when引导修饰其的时间定语从句。
3、(02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are. (43 words)【译文】纽曼说，“具有才智或文学天赋让自己在新闻从业中面对困难坚持不懈的作家如此之少，以至
4、于我总想把新闻业定义成一个“受贬低的术语，即“不受读者喜爱作家对受读者喜爱作者的称呼。【分解】句子的主干为:“So few have 主句主干局部 that 引导结果状语从句I am tempted to 从句局部的主谓 。细化分析：整个句子只要理顺了“so that的倒装构造前半局部是倒装的就不难理解了。主句中，“to keep journalism不定式修饰“brains or gift局部。从句中有“define as介词短语。最后，“of contempt修饰“a term，“applied to 也修饰“a term。(03) (10-R-3) For a social epidem
5、ic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. (48 words) (03)【译文】然而，如果要发生社会流行现象，每个人在受到影响之后定会去
6、影响自己的熟人，熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环往复。有多少其他人关注这些处于传播网络的人群，与最初那个有影响力的源头关系不大【分解】句子的主干为:“ each person must influence acquaintances 第1个分句的主干局部；分号引出另一个分句 how many others pay attention has 。细化分析：在第1个分句中，“For to occur作目的状语，“however插入语表达作者评价，“so affected修饰“each person，“who引导非限制性定语从句修饰“acquaintances。在第2个分句中，主语是一个由“how引
7、导的主语从句。(04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor c
8、ountries is wrong. (46 words)【译文】毫无疑问，对于这些国家和其他社会的社会、政治以及知识的开展，正规教育和经济开展的进步都非常必要。然而，传统的观点认为，为了促进贫困国家的经济迅猛开展，最优先考虑的应该是教育，这种观点是错误的。【分解】句子的主干为:“Progress is 第1个分句;分号连接了前后两个分句 view is wrong第2个分句。细化分析：在第1个分句中，有“necessary for 介词搭配构造。在第2个分句中，“view之后有一个由“that引导的同位语从句。(05) (09-R-4) Sexual confusion, economic
9、frustrations, and religious hope all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw wouldsettle his fate, and read the magical words: “e out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people. (58 words)
10、【译文】他翻开?圣经?，告诉父亲说，他读到的第一行可能决定命运，读出了神秘的字句：“从中走出，不碰不洁之物，我将成为你的上帝，你将成为我的子民。就在这决定性的一刻，对性的困惑、经济窘迫和XX希望 全都交融在一起了。【分解】句子的主干为:“, all came together 主干的主谓成分.。细化分析：在句首主干之前，破折号之前内容与“all为同位语关系。从“when 至“ my people这一局部充当名词“moment的定语从句。该定语从句的主语为“he，三个谓语动词为“opened和“told和“read其中told之后有一个that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中he saw做定语从句
11、修饰the first line。冒号之后为“words的具体内容。(06) (0-TR) Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because o
12、f enslavement to others, etc. (45 words) (06)【译文】例如，各种XX交往的初衷是祈求神灵的庇护，抵御邪恶影响。家庭生活的初衷是满足欲望和传宗接代。最初开场有组织的劳动，重要的原因是受制于人。【分解】句子的主干为:“；.。有分号连接的三个分句细化分析：在第1个分句中，主语为“associations，谓语为“began；之后“to secure and to ward off不定式充当定语。在第2个分句中，主语为“family life，谓语为“began一样的省略。在第3个分句中，主语为“labor，谓语为“began一样省略。(07) (09-TR
13、) Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little attention as pared with physical output. (41 words)【译文】即使今日，在工业化生活中，与其他的物
14、质产出相比，某些勤俭的价值观以及各种人们交往的知识和情感反响几乎没有受到关注，而在这些交往之中世人的活动才得以延续。【分解】句子的主干为:“， reaction receives little attention, 。细化分析：句首有“apart from引导的短语，与主语局部关联。在主语“reaction后有“which引导的定语从句。最后，有“as pared with引出的状语。(08) (08-R-2) Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journ
15、als allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (40 words)【译文】此外，存在由这三种模式结合的其它模式，例如延迟开放获取模式，即期刊仅允许订阅者阅读，期限六个月，然后就公之于众，所有人都可以免费使用。【分解】句子的主干为:“Other models exist 主干的主语谓语局部 。细化分析：在谓语动词“exist之后，有“that引导定语从句修饰“models
16、。介词“such as之后引出“models的具体分析；之中，连词“where引导“delayed open access。最后一个“before it中，“making it中的“it为形式宾语，而“to see it中的“it指代“a paper。(09) (07-R-1) If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer
17、players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. (47 words)【译文】仔细探究2006年世界杯联赛每个足球运发动的出生证明，我们很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象：精英足球运发动大都出生在上半年，而不是在下半年。【分解】句子的主干为:“If , you would : players are 。细化分析：冒号之后为上文含义的解释。“If , would 为一个虚拟语气句型构造。(10) (07-R-3) From the middle-
18、class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. (41 words)【译文】从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，其中
19、的重要意义看起来远远不像是一个行使更多经济职责的时机，而更像是在金融风险全盘转移时，以令人担忧速度给已经负担过重的肩膀上再施加压力。这种看法是可以理解的。【分解】句子的主干为:“，much of this looks 句子主干主谓局部far less than . and a good deal more like .。细化分析：在主句主谓之间的“understandably为插入构造，表达作者的态度。在连词“and之前的局部中不定式短语“to exercise 从当定语修饰“opportunity。在连词“and之后的局部中，“shift of onto 。(11) (07-R-4) Jus
20、t as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and pliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them especially in America the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data inse
21、curity. (48 words)【译文】正当老板和董事们最终清理完毕最乱的帐目和规章问题并加强其薄弱的公司管理之后，一个新的麻烦又给他们带来威胁 尤其在美国；麻烦就是令人厌恶的大字标题不可防止地引起执行层中人头涌动的场面：数据危险。【分解】句子的主干为:“Just as 从句局部, a problem threatens 主句局部.。细化分析：在从句局部中，有两个由“and连接的谓语动词“have sorted和“improved。在主句局部中，“to earn . insecurity的分析为：不定式短语“to earn 带两个宾语成分，即“them和“the sort of nasty
22、 headlines。在“headlines之后有由“that引导的定语从句。(12) (07-R-4) Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, teles and air travel, information protection is now high on the bosss agenda in businesses of every variety. (41 words)【译
23、文】在这之前，信息保护通常留给乖僻而层次较低的信息技术人员处理，可现已经提到各个行业老板的议事日程的重要位置。人们普遍认为只有数据丰富的行业如银行、电信、航空旅游业等才关心信息保护问题。【分解】句子的主干为:“Left and seen 两个过去分词作状语, protection 主语is 谓语 .。细化分析：第1个过去分词构造主干为“Left to staff to put ；而第2个过去分词构造主干为“Seen as a concern of 。谓语动词之后有“on引导介词短语作状语。(13) (07-R-4) Surely it should be obvious to the dimm
24、est executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a pany letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. (47 words)【译文】当然，信任作为经济资产中最有价值的局部是很容易被摧毁的，而且修复起来代价极大，而没有什么比一
25、个公司让敏感的个人XX数据落入不道德人之手更容易摧毁信任，这对于最迟钝的管理者也应该是显而易见的。【分解】句子的主干为:“ it should be obvious to the executive that trust and that few 由“and连接的两个“that引导的主语从句.。细化分析：在第1个主语从句中，主语为“trust，谓语为“is ，之间的“that most valuable 为“trust的同位语。在破折号之后的第2个主语从句中，主谓成分为“ things are ，其中有一个“more than的比拟状语从句。(14) (07-R-4) Meanwhile, t
26、he theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by Americas Federal Trade mission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data
27、security. (49 words)【译文】同时，6月17日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账号信息被窃取的事件也给一天前美国联邦商业委员会做出的重要决定蒙上了阴影。该决定通告美国，如果企业无法提供适当的数据平安，执法者将采取行动。【分解】句子的主干为:“ theft .overshadowed decision 主句的主谓宾构造。细化分析：在主语局部中，有由“disclosed的过去分词短语充当定语修饰“theft。在宾语局部中，有由介词“by引导的后置定语修饰“decision，而且“that引导的定语从句也修饰“decision。(15) (06-R-1) Rodriguez notes th
28、at children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power. (40 words)【译文】Rodriguez指出，住在世界偏远村落的孩子们都是阿诺德史瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯
29、之类超级巨星的追星族，但是“有些美国人担忧，美国的同化作用对住在美国的许多移民不知怎的一直都不起作用。【分解】句子的主干为:“Rodriguez notes that , yet some Americans fear that yet连接两个独立的分句构造。细化分析：“yet之前分句中，“children are 为“notes的宾语从句。“yet之后分句中，“immigrants remain 为“fear的宾语从句。(16) (05-R-2) Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would
30、 kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (53 words)【译文】你可否记得那些年月？当时科学家们提出吸烟会让我们丧命，可持疑心态度者却坚持认为我们尚无定论。他们坚持认为证据
31、不确定，科学就不确定。他们坚持认为对反对吸烟的劝导一心想毁掉我们自己的生活方式，且政府不应介入此事。许多美国人相信了这些谬论；在30多年里，约一千万吸烟者早早地躺入了坟墓。【分解】句子的主干为:“Do you remember all those years when 句子主干主语谓语宾语.。细化分析：整个句子的主干局部为“Do you remember all these years，其后的“when引导时间定语从句修饰“all those years。在“when之后主要有“but引导的两个并列分句，分别是“scientists argued that和“the doubters insi
32、sted that。最大的难点在于“the doubters insisted that之后，有3个以“that引导的分开的宾语从句 其一、“we didnt know for sure；其二、“that the evidence was ？；其三、“That the antismoking lobby was 。将三个从句分开写目的是为了防止歧义。(17) (05-R-2) A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconsc
33、ious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. (47 words)【译文】在一百年以前，弗洛伊德系统地阐述了他那突破性的理论，认为梦是掩盖的阴影，反映了潜意识中的渴望和恐惧。到二十世纪七十年代末，神经病学家却转而认为梦仅仅是“精神噪音 在睡眠期间神经进展的修复工作的随意附带
34、产物。【分解】句子的主干为:“; 分号前后为两个独立分句 .。细化分析：在分号之前，分句主干成分为“ Freud formulated theory ，其中有“that引导同位语从句修饰“theory。在分号之后，分句主干成分为“neurologists had switched to 其中有“thinking . of as短语。之后的破折号为细节性的补充说明，解释上文的“mental noise。(18) (03-R-2) Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research munity
35、should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. (42 words)【译文】具体的说，资金的最终管理者是病人，所以安康研究团体应积极扩大队伍、开展事业，不仅吸收像“Stephen Cooper那样的知名人士他本人已经发表了有关动物研究价值
36、的大胆言论，而且招收承受医学治疗的人。【分解】句子的主干为:“, munity 句子主干主语 should recruit 句子主干谓语 . not only personalities 句子主干宾语1 but all 句子主干宾语2.。细化分析：在句子开头有“because引导的状语从句。在主语中，困难的局部在于“recruit to its cause：“to its cause介词短语作状语本来在正常情况下应该放在句子的末尾构成“recruit not only personalities but all to its cause。此外，在主干宾语1“personalities后有“su
37、ch as作后置定语其中有由“who引导的定语从句。在主干宾语2“all后有“who引导的定语从句。(19) (03-R-3) If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the l
38、ine. (40 words)【译文】铁路公司提出，按同样的平均费率收取所有顾客的费用，托运人肯定会选择汽车运输或其他种类运输，而不会选择铁运，那么铁运业内本钱就只能由其他的铁运托运人来承当。【分解】句子的主干为:“If 引导状语从句 , shippers would do so 主句主谓局部, 。细化分析：在状语从句和主句之间有“they argue为插入语。在主句的主语和谓语之间有一个由“who引导的定语从句修饰“shippers。在主语之后，有一个“leaving现在分词短语作结果状语。(20) (03-TR) Therefore, it is important to study hu
39、mans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. (51 words)【译文】因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的丰富财富与多样存在进展研究，是
40、至关重要的。人们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共生。【分解】句子的主干为:“, it is important to study 句子主干 , with the hope that 。细化分析：在状语局部“with the hope that之后的从句中，“knowledge为主语，“can lead为谓语。(21) (02-R-2) But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that i
41、s irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. (42 words)【译文】但人脑却具有某种能力：扫视一个急剧变化的场面、马上忽略98%的无关信息，同时把精力投到某只呆在一条蜿蜒森林小路的猴子身上，或者投到茫茫人海中的某一X可疑的脸上。【分解】句子的主干为:“ human mind can glimpse 分句1主干主语谓语 and disregard 分句2主干主语谓语.
42、。细化分析：在分句2中，有由“that引导的定语从句修饰“98 percent。应该注意的是在句末有一个由“focusing引导的分词短语作为伴随状语。(22) (02-R-4) Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an acti
43、on having two effects a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (57 words)【译文】最高法院曾经规定，根据宪法医生没有帮助病人自杀的权利。尽管如此，最高法院实际上曾支持“双重效应的医学原那么 一个存在了几百年的道德原那么。根据这个原那么，对于一个具有双重效应的行为有利的一面是有目的的，而不利的一面是可以预见的，如果实施者只着眼有益的一面，是可以允许的。【分解】句子的主
44、干为:“Although 引导让步状语从句 , the Court supported principle 主句的主语谓语宾语局部.。细化分析：在“although引导的让步状语从句中，有由“that引导的动词“ruled的宾语从句。在主句中，“the medical principle与“a centuries-old principle为同位语关系，相互解释。在“a centuries-old moral principle之后有“holding分词构造作后置定语；在“holding之后有由“that引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，主语是“an action和谓语为“is permissib
45、le 在主谓之间有破折号解释“two effects的内容。最后“if引导的从句作宾语从句的条件状语。主要的难点在以“with引导的伴随状语；其中“that引导同位语从句修饰“assumption一词。(23) (02-R-4) Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients s
46、ufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death. (40 words)【译文】Montefiore医学中心的主任Nancy Dubler争辩说，这一原那么肯定会庇护某些医生。这些医生“直到最近都相当强烈的坚持认为，如果哪怕有一点加速病人死亡的可能性，医生根本没有可能给病人足够的药剂量以控制病人的痛苦。【分解】句子的主干为:“Nancy contends 句子主干主语谓语.。细化分析：在句子主干后有由“that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主语谓语为“ principle和“will shield。之后，有由
47、“that引导修饰“doctors定语从句。在定语从句中，谓语“insisted之后有“that引导的宾语从句。(24) (02-R-4) The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code forhospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. (45 words)【译文】医疗界正在采取措施，要求医生在晚期病人的收