2022年小学四级英语辅导常用语法总结 .docx

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1、学校四年级英语语法辅导:常用语法总结 一 情态动词 cancan 在英语中有一个特别的名字,叫做情态动词,表示“能够”,“会”, “才能” 后面要跟着表示动作的动词; 没有时态和人称的变化; 表示不能做什么的时候, 后面加上 not 为 can not ,或者缩写为 cant ;问别人“能吗 .”要把 can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号;例句: I can swing.I can draw. She can jump.He can play . We can touch .They can run.I can t sing.You cant see.She cant danc

2、e.He cant hear a car.We cant hear an aeroplane. Can you hear a dog.Can he hear a bus. Can Lucy write.Can you do it.将下面各组词组成句子1. an ,aeroplane ,hear ,Lucy ,can2. not, he , dance , can 3. you, can , see,what 4. can,see ,not,we ,you 5. I,can ,help,you 6. I, can, do,what7. you,can,hearme8. you 二 人称代词所属格

3、,can,dance留意:主格作主语,其中she 指带代国家, it可指代天气时间等;宾格作宾语,介词宾语,表语;动词后面用人称宾格形容词性物主代词作定语;名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours 23表示 -的,这样的词我们也学习很多了,你能想出来吗.记住这个小口诀就很简洁了:我的my ,你的 your ,他的 his 、她的 her. /它的是its;我们的 our;你们的是 your他们 它们,她们 的是 their/这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格, 也叫形容词性物主代词;通常用在名词前面表示所属关系;另外, 表示某人的仍可以用名词或人名 + s 来表示;如:my k

4、ite;your book;his pen;her coat;its tail;our class;their teachers;my brothers;book;the cats ears;Mary s mother一. 写出以下人称代词的所属格形式Iyou he She it we You they 二. 用合适的人称代词填空(1) This is Ben.This isbicycle.(2) I am Kitty. bag is blue(3) She s Alice.That sumbrella.(4) You are Mr Li. car is black.(5) Is thisha

5、t.Yes, it s my hat.(6) Thats my mother.Thatscoat.(7) Where sscarf.Here you are.(8) He s Mr Wang. gloves are new.三. 翻译以下词组1.你的名字2. 我们班 3.他的小弟弟4. 我祖母 5.它的尾巴6. 我的鞋 7.她的围巾8. 我的衬衫 9.他们的老师10. 玛丽的雨伞 四. 用以下单词组句1. my, is , name , Tom2. is, miss, Gao, , our , friend 3.is what, your number, telephone 4. mother

6、, your, a teacher, is 5. whos ,cap, it, is答案:一. Imyyou yourhehissheherititsWe ouryou your they their三. 1.your name2.our class3. his little brother4.my grandmother 5.its tail6.my shoes7.her scarf8.my shirt9.their teacher10.Marys umbrella四. 1.My name is Tom.2.Miss Gao is our friend3.Whats your telepho

7、ne number.4.Is your mother a teacher.5.Whos cap is it. 三 介词、连词和感叹词1. 介词:介词是一种虚词, 不能单独使用,必需在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份;介词后面的名词 或相当于名词的其它词 叫做介词的宾语; 介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语;介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语;介词如 : in在里面 on 在上面 under 在下面等;in the classroomin the treein the hall on the roadon the deskon the floorunder the tableunder the

8、 bedunder the chair2. 连词:连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词;连词是一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子成分;连词分两类:一类叫等立连词,另一类叫从属连词;(1). 等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的;等立连词有很多我们现在只学到了and 和 but ,其他的以后学到再介绍;如: A and B ; blue and white ;an apple and a banana;a car and a bus;Lucy and Ben ; Ben and Kitty ;This is a lorry and thats a drill. I like

9、 dolls and you like robots.(2). 从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为1) 引起名词性从句的连接词,如:if, that等;2) 引起壮语从句的连接词,如:when , after,befare等;以后会逐步学到再介绍;3. 感叹词 : 表示说话人的某种感情 诧异, 兴奋, 痛楚等 的词叫感叹词; 感叹词后常用感叹号;常用的感叹词有: oh 表示诧异或痛楚 ,ah 表示诧异或中意 ,hello 常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂 . ” ,well 表示诧异,无奈 如: Hello.Are you Mary.练习:翻译以下词组1. 在桌子上面2. 在树下面3. 在

10、椅子上面4. 在盒子里面5. 在黑板上6. 在书里7. 在脸上8. 在公共汽车上9. 一只猫和一只狗 .10. 又小又胖答案: 1. on the desk2. under the tree3. on the chair4. in the box5. on the blackboard6. in the book7. on the face8. on the bus9.a cat and a dog10. small and fat 四单数句和复数句:口诀:单数句子变,变化规章要记住;名词代词要变化,am, is要变 are ;this, that变成啥, these , those来替它;

11、he, she , it要变啥,全部变 they 不用怕;I 要变 we 莫落下,名词后面把s/es加;名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加;详细留意下面的六要素:1. 单数主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I we; you you;she, he ,it they ;如: She is a girl. They are girls.2. am , is要变为 are ;如: I m a student. We are students.3. 不定冠词 a, an 要去掉;如: He is a boy. They are boys.4. 一般单数名词要变为复数形式;如:It is a c

12、at. They are cats.5. 指示代词 this ,that要变为 these ,those ;如:Thisis a book. These are books.6. man, woman 作定语修饰可数名词时,要在”数”上与被修饰名词保持一样;但其他名词修饰名词表示”性质”时,不作变化;如:He is a man doctor.They are men doctors. This is an apple tree. They are apple trees. 单复数相互转换,每空一词 含缩写 ;1. The woman is a nurse.改为复数句 The .2. There

13、 are some old cars.改为单数句 There old.3. He has a new book.改为复数句 new.4. Are these your chicks .改为单数句 your.5. Is there a sheep in the playground.改为复数句 there in the playground. 五 一般疑问句及特别疑问句句子基本是:简洁陈述句,由简洁陈述句转变成确定句,否定句,疑问句;疑问句是用 来提出问题;英语中有四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特别疑问句、挑选疑问句和反意疑问句;我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句;后两种疑问句以后我们仍会学到.一. 一

14、般疑问句:英语中要用 yes和 no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句;如:1) Is it hot .Yes, it is .No, it isnt. be 动词引导2) Is it a car .Yes, it is .No, it isnt . be 动词引导3Is this your ruler .Yes, it is .No, it isnt . be动词引导4Do you like bananas .含实义动词Yes, I like bananas. No, I don t like bananas. 5Can Ming hear a drill .含情态动词Yes , Ming can

15、 hear a drill.No,Ming can t heara drill. 陈述句 确定句,否定句,一般疑问句 的转变规律:1. 确定句: 2. 否定句: 3.一般疑问句及肯否定回答1) 主语 +be 动词+ .1主语 +be 动词 +not+ .1be动词 +主语+ .Yes, 主语 +be 动词 ./ No, 主语 +be 动词 +not.I am a teacher.I amnot a teacher.Are you a teacher.-Yes , I am./ No, I am not.My mother is thin.My mother is not /isnt thin.

16、Is your mother thin.-Yes , she is./ No, she isn t.They areinsects.They are not/arent insects.Are they insects.-Yes. they are./ No, they aren t.2) 主语 +情态动词 can+ 2主语+情态动词 can+ not+ .2 情态动词 can+ 主语+ .Yes, 主语 +情态动词 can/ No,主语 +情态动词 can+ notHe can jump.He cannot/can tjump.Can he jump.-Yes , he can./ No,

17、he can t.3) 助动词 do/does+ 主语 + .动词原形 + . 动词原形 .Yes, 主语 +助动词 do/does. No, 主语 +助动词 do/does+not.He likes to eat apples.He doesnt like to eat apples.Does he like to eatapples.Yes, he does./ No,he doesn t.二.祈使句:表示恳求、命令、建议或劝说等的句子叫祈使句,主语you 常省略;1、确定形式:一般以动词原形开头;Open the door, please.2、否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Dont ; D

18、ont be late for class.三特别疑问句 又叫 wh-question用特别疑问词来提出问题的疑问句叫作特别疑问句;特别疑问词一般要放在句首;常用的疑问词有 what who, which how等这些词都以 wh 开头 包括 how 所以也叫作wh-question;特别疑问句要求回答详细内容;不能用yes 或 no 回答;结构:疑问词 +一般疑问句;回答不能用yes / no或相当于 yes / no回答的问句;答句的句式同确定句句式: 如:What can you see .I can see a cat. What can you hear .I can hear a

19、bus. What can you do .I can sing and dance. What is it .It s a panda.What do you like .I like playing footballHow old are you .I m ten.一. 将以下句子变成一般疑问句1 Mr Wang is thirsty.2. The elephents ears are long.3. We like birds.4. Hello.You are his mother.5.I can sing and dance. 二将以下每组词各组成一句特别疑问句1.you are ho

20、w.2.old how Ben is . 3.colour is what your shirt. 4.can see what the on you desk . 5.like what do you.答案:一.1.Is Mr Wangthirsty.2.Are the elephent sears long3.Do you likebirds.4. Hello. Are you his mother.5.Can you sing and dance.二.1. How are you.2.How old is Ben .3.What colour is your shirt.4.What c

21、an you see on the desk.5.What do you like.学校四年级英语语法辅导:名词全部格讲解【导语】 语法是英语学习的重要部分,对于学习英语的同学来说,语法是一大拦路虎,为此,本文为大家介绍了这篇学校四年级英语名词全部格讲解,期望可以帮忙到大家;一、名词词尾加 s 的全部格1.一般情形在名词后加 s例如:That girls coat is in the room.那个女孩的衣服在房间里;2. 在以 s 结尾的名词 包括以 s 结尾的复数名词 后面,只加 ; 假如复数名词不是以s 结尾的,末尾也要加 s ;例如:Today is September 10th, T

22、eachers Day.今日是九月十日,老师节;Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.儿童节立刻就要到了,我应当为我的儿子买一些新东西;3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的全部关系时,须在各个名词后加s;假如一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最终一个名词后面加s ;例如:They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are.这是约翰和凯特的房间;它们 指房间 太美丽了 .He is Lily and Lucys father.他是莉莉和露西的爸

23、爸;4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的全部格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词;例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnsons home ; 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭;We will have our hair cut at the barbersshop tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我们要去理发店理发;5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加s构成全部格;例如:There is something important in todays newspaper.今日的报纸上有一些重要的东西;Its about

24、ten minutes walk from school to our home every day.每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要非常钟;6. 英语名词全部格修饰的词,假如前面已经提到过,后面就可以省略,以防止重复;例如:This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms.这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的;二、由 of 短语构成的全部格1. 表示 无生命的名词 一般与 of 构成短语,表示全部关系;如There is a riveron the otherside of the road.在大路的另一边有一条河;2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词全部格构成双

25、重全部格的形式;例如:This is a photo of Mr Browns.这是一张布朗先生的照片;名词全部格用法口诀英语名词全部格,表示物品全部权;名词后加 s ,这种情形最常见;两者共有添最终,各有各添记心间; 复数名词有 s,后面只把 来添;名词如为无生命,我们常把of 用;A of B是 B 的 A,表达英汉序不同总结: 期望大家通过对这篇学校四年级英语名词全部格讲解的阅读,自己能够总结出适合自己的一套学习英语的好方法;学校四年级英语语法辅导:常用名词口诀表示民族的名词顺口溜(1) “中、日、瑞”友好是一样;(2) “英、法”联盟 a 变 e.(3) 其他一律加 s 即 chine

26、se ,japanese 单复数同形 ;englishman , frenchman 的复数为 englishmen ,frenchmen; 其他像 german,american , australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s” . o 结尾的名词顺口溜1) 有生命的以 o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es ,凡无生命的以o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s.有生命: potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro-negroes如无生命: zoo-zoos , radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pia

27、nos, zero-zeros, bamboo 竹竿-bamboos , tobacco烟丝 -tobaccos12) 两人两菜一火山; +es学校- 中学课本中以o 结尾的名词构成复数时, 加 es 的只有 negro 黑人 ,hero 英雄 ,potato土豆 , tomato 西红杮 , volcano 火山 ,这就是“两人两菜一火山”.或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes3) 其余以 o 结尾的名词变复数时均加s.图景:你在“ zoo”里,观察一要“ bamboo”,上面挂着一张“ photo ”,所照的是一

28、架“ piano ”,上面放着一台“ radio ”.zoo-zoos, bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.f 、fe 结尾的顺口溜(1) 以 fe 结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把fe 改为 ve 再加 s,其他的以“ fe ”结尾的名词就直接加“ s”.妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命, 半片树叶遮目光; wife妻子 ,knife刀子 ,wolf 狼thief小偷 ,shelf架子 , life生命leaf树叶 ,self自己 ,half一半 ,这 9 个名词变复数时,都要改“fe”为“ ve”再加“

29、s”.(2) 以 f 结尾的名词,一般把把f 改为 ves,但也有特别情形是直接加-s 的,如 gulf , roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief.编成口诀联想: 海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上巧记不规章名词单变复男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆;man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.期望大家能够仔细阅读这篇学校四年级英语常用名词口诀,以便在英语学习上取得优异的成果;学校四年级英语语法辅导:主

30、动与被动语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态;主语是动作的发出者为主动语态:主语是动作的接受者为被动语态;1) 如宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加to ;此类动词为感官动词;feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom;- I was made to go out of the classroom by the teacher;We saw him play football on the

31、playground;- He was seen to play football on the playground;2) 情态动词 + be + 过去分词,构成被动语态;Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry;总结: 期望大家能够仔细阅读这篇学校四年级英语语法辅导:主动与被动,以便在英语学习上取得优异的成果;学校四年级英语语法辅导:定冠词的用法从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词the ;一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用例如:1. I like reading the books

32、.I like reading books. 2. She likes the cats.She likes cats. 二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面例如:1. I have lunch at the noon.I have lunch at noon. 2. We go to school by the bus. We go to school by bus. 三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不行数名词前面例如:1. I like the China.I like China. 2. Would you like a cup of the water. Would you li

33、ke a cup of water. 四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面例如:1. Today is the Teachers Day. Today is Teachers Day.2. He was born in the May in 1987. He was born in May in 1987. 五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面 特别作表语、宾补时 例如:1. Good morning, the sir. Good morning, sir. 2. I need some help, the Mummy. I need some help, Mummy.六、

34、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用例如:1. This the pen is mine. This pen is mine. 2. I have the some money. I have some money. 七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面例如:1. We will learn the Chinese, the history and the Maths this afternoon. We will learn Chinese, history and Maths this afternoon.2. The E

35、nglish is the most interesting of all the subjects.English is the most interesting of all the subjects.八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面例如:1. She goes to school after the breakfast every morning. She goes to school after breakfast every morning. 2. We often play the football after school. We often play football

36、 after school. 学校四年级英语语法辅导:用助动词进行强调强调句仍有一种类型,就是用助动词do did,does强调谓语;She does like this horse.她的确喜爱这匹马;Please do take care of yourself.千万保重;常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子;It is was被强调部分 + that who +句子其他部分;此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语;It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that

37、I understood the true state of affairs.典型例题1 It was last nightI see the comet.A.the timeB.whenC.thatD.which答案 C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that who +主谓句;强调句的连词只有两个,that和 who;当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用who ,其余用 that ;原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语: It was my father who did t

38、he experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. 留意不用 when强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2It is ten yearsMi

39、ss Green returned to Canada.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as答案 C. 考点是连词用法; 此题易误选为A. that.其实本句不是强调句; 如是,去掉 Itbe that 仍应是一个完整的句子;而本句去掉Itis that,只剩下 ten yearsMiss Green returnedto Canada. 不成句;因此本句不是强调句;It is /was +时间+ since 其中 is has beenwas had been.学校四年级英语语法辅导:感叹句结构感叹句通常有 what, how引导,表示赞扬、赞叹、喜悦、等感情; what

40、修饰名词, how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种: 把握它的搭配,即把握了感叹句的重点;How +形容词 + a + 名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词 +陈述语序What +名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词 +名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词 +复数名词 +陈述语序What+ 形容词 +不行数名词 +陈述语序How clever a boy he is.How lovely the baby is.What noise they are making.What a clever boy he is.What wonderful ideas we have.What co

41、ld weather it is.感叹句的省略形式为:What a clever boy he is.典型例题1) food youve cooked.A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice答案 D. 由于 How 修饰形容词,副词 ;what 修饰名词;且 food 为不行数名词,因此A,B 排除; C How+ adj.后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为 What + adj. +n. 不行数 2) terrible weather weve been having these days.A. WhatB. What a

42、C. HowD. How a答案 A. weather 为不行数名词, B,D排除; C为 how + adj.后面不应出名词;只有A,符合句型 What+形容词 +不行数名词;3) -I had.- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What timeC. How a timeD. how time答案 A.感叹句分两类:1: What + n.+ 主谓部分2: How+ adj./ adv. / v.+ 主谓部分;此题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had.这是个习惯用语;学校四年级英语语法辅导:祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令,要求,恳求,劝说等;1) 祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do 但只限于省略其次人称主语的句子 ;Take this seat.Do be careful.

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