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1、1. Practise doing _练习做某事 2. look up 查找,抬头看3. make a mistake犯错误4. by mistake 错误地5. mistake A for B 误将 A 当作 B6. a piece of advice一条建议7. some advice一些建议8. take one.s advice 接受某人的建议9. ask for one.s advice向某人征求看法10. try to do sth.设法做某事,尽力做某事11. try doing sth.试着做某事12. as much as possible尽可能多地as.as possibl
2、e尽可能 .13 Let.s do.意. 思是:让我们干 .It.s a good idea to do sth干 是个好想法How about doing sth.干某事怎么样?It.s better not to do sth最. Why not +do.好不要干某事?should+do 意思是:应当干 .14 advise sb to do sth建. 议某人做某事15 something new新的东西16 be afraid to do sth不. 敢/可怕去做某事be afraid of doing 担忧可怕显现某种后果17 What else表示别的,其他的18agree wit
3、h表示同意某人的看法、观点或所说的话,19 smile at 对.微笑,以微笑对待 .20 句型 It is +形容词 +for/of sb to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是的21 make friends with 与 交伴侣22 take sb. around=show sb around带领某人参观23 invite sb.邀请某人 /invite sb to do sth.邀请某人做某事 /invite sb to a place 邀请某人到某处 / invation 邀请M21the population of+某地 +be+ 数词 ./ 某地 + has a populat
4、ion of +数词 .have a population of表示“有 人口” /提问人口用 what表示“某地有多少人口2 large population /small population 3 millions of 数以百万的4 two million 2 百万5 pretty good 表示“相当好”6 in fact 表示“事实上7 as + 形容词 /副词 + as和 一 样not as + 形容词 /副词 + as不像 8 much even、a lot、a little+ 比较级, 表示 “更”9 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doi
5、ng sth. 记得做过某事10 on the river Cam表示“在康桥河畔 ”11 be famous for因“ (特点)而闻名;以 闻名”be famous as意为“作为 而闻名”12 low 意为“矮的;低的” ,常指建筑物、山的低或矮、价格的低、声音的低;short 也有“矮的”的意思, 但常指人的矮;13 the capital of.的首都14 on the east coast of在的东海岸上形容词副词比较级构成方法原级比较级一般在词尾加 -ertall,long,short,old,smallTaller, longer, shorter, older, small
6、er单音节和少数双音节单词以字母 e 结尾的形容词直接加 -r以重读闭音节结尾的 形容词,如末尾只有 一个辅音字母,应先 双写该字母,再加 -er 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的形容词,先把y 变成 i,再加 -ernice, fine, largenicer, finer, largerbig, hot, thinBigger, hotter, thinnerbusy, easy, earlybusier, easier, earlierM31 score a goal 表示“得分,进球 ”动词2 what , s the score .分数 名词3 more dangerous, diffic
7、ult,exciting, expensive, beautiful, popular, careful, tiring, boring4enjoyed watching 喜爱看电视5 stay at home呆在家里6 train hard 努力训练7 warm up “热身,做预备活动8 play against 与;对抗9 passthe ball 传球10 fan club 球迷(或影迷,歌迷)俱乐部11 cheer on 用欢呼声鼓励;为 加油12 speak loudlyadv.大声地说Keep quietadj. 安静的;安静的保持安静13 win the game 指“赢,获胜
8、”后,面接竞赛、名次Beat sb /team/country14 have a chance of doing sth.表示“有做某事的机会 ”进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规章变化和不规章变化( 1)规章变化:类别构成方法多音节词和部分双 在原级前加 more音节词原级careful比较级more carefulbeautifulmore beautiful在原级前加 lessimportantless importantusefulless useful( 2)不规章变化:原级good/well (身体好的) many/muchbad/ill littlefar比较级better mo
9、re worse lessfarther较远oldfurther进一步olderelder较年长的 ( 3)形容词和副词比较级用法( 3)形容词和副词比较级用法表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“ A,+比较级+than+B”;e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大;This painting is nicer than that one.这幅绘画比那幅更美丽;有表示程度的副词 a little ,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still ,far,rather, any 等修饰时,用比较级;
10、e.g.I feel even better now.我现在觉得好多了;It is much cooler today than before.今日比以前凉快得多;比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构,表示详细“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等;e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高 10 米;表示“两者之间最 , 一个of the two”时,常用“ the+比较级”结构;e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中较胖的;表示“越来越 , ”,用比较
11、级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“ more and more+形容词原级”;e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春每天气变得越来越温和;Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市越来越美丽了;表示“越 , 就越, ”时,用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构;e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.M41 sth+ happened+ to sb:表示某人出了某事2 sb +happens /hap
12、pened +to dost表h 示某人碰巧做某事3 It happens/happened +that从+ 句来表达;4. except意为“除 之外”/besides 5 maybe /may be的区分6 far from 意为“远离”7the same as和“ 一样”/ be different from与“ 不同”8 by train/car/ship/ underground/boat/bus/taxi 乘交通工具9 two choices俩种挑选Make a choice 做出挑选10 plan to do sth. 短语, 意为“方案做某事”make a plan “制定方案
13、;制定方案11 It takes /took sb some time to do sth.做某事话费某人多少时间12 journey 名词,意为“旅行” 、“旅程”;常指远距离的或陆地的旅行;一般指单程,不回到动身地的旅行; travel 名词,意为“旅行”;泛指一般意义的旅行,不能特指某一次的旅行;前面可以用物主代词,但不能与many 或数词连用;trip 名词,意为“旅行” 、“远足”;常指近距离的旅行或远足;一般指双程,仍回到动身地的旅行;13 cost, spend, pay与 take 的区分14 the +比较级, the + 比较级越, , ,就越,一、形容词、副词最高级的构成
14、规章请依据以下例子,总结形容词、副词最高级的规章变化规律;【例子】1. fast fastesttalltallestshortshortest2. close closestnicenicestlatelatest3. big biggestfat fattesthot hottest4. earlyearliestnoisynoisiesteasyeasiest5. careful most carefuldangerousmost dangerousslowlymost slowly【结论】从以上例子我们可以看出,形容词、副词最高级的规章变化有两种方式:1. 单音节和少数双音节单词一般在
15、词尾直接加;以字母 e结尾的词直接加 ;以重读闭音节结尾的词 , 如末尾只有一个辅音字母 , 应先该字母,再加;以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词,先把 y 变成 , 再加;2. 大部分双音节和多音节形容词或副词构成最高级时,要在单词前加 ;留意:常见的形容词、副词最高级的不规章变化如下:many / muchmostgood, wellbest farfarthest / furthestbad / ill, badlyworstlittle least二、形容词、副词的最高级句子结构结构为 “主语+谓语+ the +形容词或副词的最高级 +比较范畴 ”,比较范畴常用介词of, in, among
16、 等构成的短语表示;留意:形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the,而副词的最高级前定冠词 the 可加,也可不加;当最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词全部格时, 不加定冠词 the;如:My best friend Mary is from the US.二、形容词、副词的最高级1. 形容词 / 副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上 人或事物 的比较, 常与 in 短语或of 短语连用 , 说明比较的范畴;2. 形容词的最高级前要加定冠词 the, 而副词的最高级前面的the 可以省略;3. 形容词最高级可被 second, third等序数词修饰;4. “ one of the形+容词的最高级 + 可
17、数名词复数形式 ”表示“最 之一”;M51 want to do /would like to do/offer to/plan /start /hope/decide to do 2see the Beijing Opera 看京剧3take to 带 ;去4 in the end 最终5the main thing 主要的事6no idea 不知道7be famous for 以;闻名8 one of + n(复数)9show the life of common people 展现一般人的生活10tell the story of 讲;故事Tell story to us 给我们讲故事1
18、1send to 把;寄给12finish school 毕业13 head teacher校长14return to 返回15 be named 被命名为16traditional music 传统音乐17magic shows 魔术表演18 give a warm welcome to 给某人热闹欢迎19 all over the world 全世界20 a good choice 一个好的挑选21learn about 明白22be right for 适用于23 do a good job 做好的工作24bring to life 把;带到生活25 have a great time
19、玩的高兴26 at the same time与此同时M61 in dangerdangerous 2allow sb to do sth3 be interested to do /in doing 4 get close to 接近5think of 想起6 protect from 爱护;免收7 take away 拿走8help animals live in peace 帮忙动物安静地活着9save animals in danger挽救濒危动物10look after 照料11 give money 捐钱12raised money 筹钱13find out 发觉;查明14as m
20、any as possible尽可能多的15 in the wild 在野外16research center讨论中心17 do a lot of research 做大量讨论18 the bamboo forests 竹林19 lose one.s home 失去家园20 in order to 为了21 set up 创建22nature parks 自然公园23develop plans 进展方案24 feed th epandas喂熊猫Feed on 以;为食25 go back 回去26 in the south of27 around the world 全世界28M71 be c
21、alled = be named “被叫做;被称为”2 go home withhis sister 和 withan English book in her hand 含有, ; 带着,“用;被”,表示用某种工具做某事; 如:He was killed with a knife. “含有 , 的;附带有 , ”;如:I want to buy a house with a beautiful garden.3 by the river在河边4 follow sb. to do sth. “跟着某人做某事”follow sb. to + 某地 “跟随某人去某地 ”follow +“宾语或介词短
22、语” ; 如: Follow me. 跟我来;fall down 跌倒,倒下 ;如: A car hit him and he fell down. fall off 从, 上掉下fall over 向前跌倒;绊倒fall behind 落后,掉队fall asleep 睡着5 on the tree表示树上自然生长的(果实、树叶等) In the tree表示其他东西落在树上或停留在树上的6 smile at 对 微笑;laugh at嘲笑7 arrive at + 小地方arrive in + 大地方”,“到达某地8 once or twice 有时“,一两次 ”9 What for.表示
23、“有什么用,为什么10 hear(听见), see(观察),notice(留意),find(发觉)等词称为感官动词,后接动词时,用 动词原型 或动词+ing;11 take out“拿出;取出”;take ,out of ,“从, 取出 /拿出, ”12 get up起床;起来13 run/walk/goacross=crossThrough 指穿过物体内部 across 指从这边到那边14 go down ,= walk down,沿着, 走15 think about ,“想想;考虑”think of,“想起;想到”think over ,= think about ,carefully
24、“认真考虑;认真摸索”16 too,to,“太, 而不能做 , ”17 land on“落到 上”语法:过去进行时一、表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作;例: We were having an English classat 9:30 yesterday morning.I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV.二、结构: S + was/were + doing 三、句式变化:变疑问,把 was/were 提到主语前;变否定,在 was/were 后直接加“ not;”例: At that time they we
25、re working in the garden. Were they working in the garden at that time. Yes, they were. / No, they weren.t.At that time they weren.t working in the garden.四、基本用法:1、过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作;e.g: He fell asleep when he was reading.他看书时睡着了;2、过去进行时表示感情颜色与现在进行时相像,过去进行时也可表示中意、赞扬、惊奇、厌恶等感情颜色,也通常与always,f
26、orever等副词连用; e.g: They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架;3、常用的时间状语:过去 某一详细 时间,如: this morning,the whole morning,all day, yesterday,from nine to ten last evening, at that time, just now,a moment ago由 when/while 引导的时间状语从句;常用句型:主句(主语 + was/were + doing when一+ 般过去时 的句子); 主句(主语 + was/were + doing while+主语
27、+ was/were +doing );留意: when 和 while 的区分:都意为“当 时候”, when 引导的句子谓语动词用短暂性动词或连续性动词都行;但 while 引导的句子谓语动词只能用连续性动词,不能用短暂性动词;如: I reada newspaper When hecame in.My mother was cooking while my father was readingbooks.M91 The population of sp is,. 表示 sp 有多少人;Large/small population 人口多少问人口的多少Whats the populatio
28、n of ,How large is the population of2 hundredthousandmillionbillion 等前有数字,用单数形式three hundred hundredthousandmillionbillion 等后有 of ,用复数形式thousands of3 make noise发出噪音 noisy room 嘈杂的屋子innicevoice 4 prepare for 为, 做预备prepare to do sth 预备去做某事 . 5 make a report 做报告make notes 记笔记6 such as for example 例如,比如
29、7 too much+不行数名词too many+可数名词much too+adj.太,8 increaseby+倍数 百分数增加了 ,to+详细增长后的数字增加到,9 be bornin+年份 地点I was born in 1985.of+家庭He was born of a rich family.10 one fifth五分之一two thirds11 hang on a minute. 稍等12 close to=next to靠近,挨着13 move to移到14 It be +adj. to do sthone of + 可数名词复数 , 之一 谓语动词用单数 15the loc
30、al government16 close down关闭17 It takes sb st to do sthsb spends stsm on sth in doing sth sth costs sb smsb pay sth for sm18 public services公共服务a public telephone公用电话in public在公共场合the public公众17. in fact事实上all over the world全世界18. face danger 面对危急face to face 面对面地make a face做鬼脸as a result 结果是;因此19.
31、die from由于, 而死 死于外因,如事故等 die of因, 而死 死于内因,如疾病等 Eg: He died from an accident.A lot of people died of cancers20. leave 离开某地 leave for+目的地前往 目的地 启程去某地I.ll leave for Shanghai next week. leave 仍有“忘了带,留下”之意I left my book at home .21. 辨析: job 与 workjob ( cn)指详细的职业或零工work(un)指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动【Grammar】:冠
32、词:是限定的一种词, 不能单独使用, 常用于修饰名词;冠词有三种形式: 不定冠词( a/an), 定冠词( the)和零冠词( /); 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数, 指人或物种的某一个或某一类, 但不详细说明是何人何物;不定冠词的常见用法有:表示“一个”的概念;Population is a big problem for cities .表示“每一“的概念,相当于every ;I watch TV once a week .首次提到的某人或某物, 不定冠词起介绍作用; A student wants to ask you some questions某些固定短语中,要用不
33、定冠词;have a good timehave a lookhave a rest 2.定冠词的用法指前文中提到过的人或物;I have a dog . The dog is black .特指某人或某物; The girl with long hair is my younger sister .指说话双方都知道的人或物I had to write the same report last term .用于专出名词前; the Great Wallthe Pacific Ocean用于世界上独一无二的事物前;the sunthe moon用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”;
34、 the Smiths用于形容词最高级前;the biggest city用于序数词前; the first boy用于西洋乐器名词前;play the piano某些形容词前加定冠词the ,表示一类人或物; the youngthe old用于某些固定短语中:in the morningthe day after tomorrow 3.零冠词的用法在球类活动, 学科名词前以及节日, 月份,星期前不用冠词; Tom can play volleyball .名词前已有指示代词, 物主代词, 不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词There are many books in her scho
35、olbag.在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词http:/ www.xkb by bushave breakfastat homeat night留意 :在某些短语中,名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同;in hospitalinthe hospitalat tableat the tablein classin the class数字 : 分为基数词和序数词;本模块中,我们重点学习数字的读法;在英语中,每三位数字为一个单位,依据百,十,个位向下读;而进位的读法就为thousand, million , billion 向上递增;数次的常见用法:分数表达法在英语中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词
36、;当分子是1 时,分母用原形;当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式;1/3: one thirds2/3: two thirds百分数的表达百分数用 percent 表示,符号为 %如: 5% 读作 five presentModule 10 The weather重点短语 :1. on the lake在湖面上quite a lot相当多,特别多2. come on快点,赶快all year round全年3. had better do sth.最好做某事had better not do sth.最好不要做某事4. compared to与对比5. from time to time时不时
37、地almost几乎6. though/although虽然 but但是(不行以同时显现)7. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得兴奋 / 过得开心8. take place=happen发生the story of的故事9. the centre of.的中心10. be born in +地点 ./on+日子(某一天)11. as well也(放在句末)also也(放在句中)too也(放在句末)either也(放在句末,用于否定)12. pay for为 .付费(花费) 13.one of最高级 + 可数名词复数 +V 单数1. so that如此 .以至于2.
38、 雨雪的大用 heavy风的大用 strong3. 不客气的几种说法: You are welcome.不用谢That s all right.=That s OK.4. bring sb. around sw.=take sb. around sw.带某人处处参观5. the best place to do sth.做某事最好的地方the best time to do sth.做某事最好的季节6. What s the weather like today.今日天气怎么样?= How is the weather today? What will the weather be like
39、tomorrow . 明每天气将会是怎么样?=How will the weather be tomorrow.7. 不定代词 something/anything/nothing/ somebody/adybody/nobody+adj.(形容词) to do sth.8. play a joke with sb.跟某人开玩笑9. betweenand 在和之间fromto 从 . 到.10. You must be joking.=You can t be serious. Sounds great.听起来不错 .11. 季节 / 年份/ 月份 / 前+in日期前 +on星期几前 +on1
40、2. quite a lot许多from time to time常常13. turn gold变黄get warm变暖come on赶快14. take photos of 给拍照15. n. 名词 adj. (形容词)sun太阳sunny阳光明媚的 / 晴朗的cloud云cloudy多云的rain雨rainy有雨的wind凤windy刮风的snow雪snowy下雪的storm暴风雨stormy有暴风雨的shower阵雨showery有阵雨的ice冰icy结冰的fog雾foggy多雾的重点句子:1. Whats the weather like in America in winter, B
41、etty.贝蒂,美国的冬每天气怎么样?2. You can go to Hainan Island if you like sunny weather.假如你喜爱晴朗的天气,你可以去海南岛;3. Not usually, although this year it snowed quite a lot.这里不常下雪,虽然今年雪下得有点多;4. The weather gets cooler, and the leaves start to turn gold, then brown.天气变得更凉快,绿叶也开头变成金黄色,然后变成棕色;5. If you want to visit Alaska
42、, you had better go in summer.假如你想去阿拉斯加,你最好在夏天去;6. There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn.但是在夏天和秋天常常会有暴风雨;7. Come on, better get going.好了,走吧!8. Whats the temperature.气温是多少?9. -I don t like showers or windy weather.我不喜爱阵雨和刮风的天气;-Me neither.我也不喜爱;10. When is the best time to visit you
43、r country.参观你的国家的最好季节是什么时候?Grammar情态动词 may、might1. 情态动词定义:情态动词有详细的词义, 为谓语动词增加情态颜色, 表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应当或必要等;但情态动词也同助动词一样, 需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语 ,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化 ,情态动词后必需 跟动词原形 ;2. 情态动词 may的用法:(1) 表示恳求、许可,比 can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike.我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now.现在你可以回家了;(2) 表示估计,谈论可能性,意为“可
44、能,或许” ,一般用于确定句中;如:It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨;She may be at home.她可能在家呢 .(3) may 的过去式为 might ,表示估计时;可能性低于 may;如: He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了;(4) 表示期望、祈求、希望,常可译为“希望”;通常是用 may +主+V例如:May you have a good time.祝你过得开心;May you be happy. 祝你幸福!Module 11 Way of life重点短语 :1. tell me more说的更多点happy birthday生日欢乐2. do some cleaning扫地do some reading看书do some shopping购物3. on the first day在第一天in the west在西方4. taste great尝起来美味for example例如