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1、专升本英语词组、语法总结Sunny smile专升本考试日近,为了满意大家的要求,同时实现自己在课堂上的承诺,现在把专升本语法部分的命题趋势和解题关键整理出来,以期助你们在考试中更有把握的得到该得到的分数；留意：本文仅为个人非官方非权威猜测,与任何机构和个人无关；本文旨在点击重点,以及针对重点 “授人以渔 ”,因此,烦请不要问我能不能 “押中”原题；请结合我去年发表的日志 硝烟更浓 升本复习中的重点一文系统复习,充分备战！语法很重要,但不是全部,专升本复习要全面进行,每一块都要合理支配时间不断深化！ 来到这里看到文章的,都请留下你的脚印；依据过去九年升本考试的考查重点,结合近几年（特殊是06
2、08 年）考察的热门学问点,可把 2022 年专升本语法的考察的热点锁定在以下几块：非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装结构、定语从句、名词性从句（特殊是主语从句和同位语从句）、时态和语态的结合考察；一、非谓语动词需要把握的非谓语动词的三种形式：To doV-ingDone动词不定式现在分词过去分词1. 表目地1. 主动, 一般的1. 完成, 被动的2. 将来”要做”2. 主动, 正在进行的2. 主动, 完成的这里面考察的热点又以现在分词作宾语,主动形式表被动意义,省略to 的动词不定式, 不定式作宾语,分词作状语（动词不定式）以及几个惯用结构为热点；非谓语动词作宾语：后面必需跟 V-ing 的动词：
3、avoid/enjoy/deny/finish/mind/prefer等to 后面必需跟 to do 的动词： pretend/tend/promise/refuse/fail/manage/hope等第 24 页,共 32 页真题范例：1. I don t mindout for a walk in such awbeaadther.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went2.I don t understand why he pretendedin the garden.A. to see me notB. not to see me C. not seeing me D.
4、 seeing me not分词作状语的考察：（这类题的特点是句中有逗号和主句隔开,答案都含有非谓语的形式）解题关键：先找到主句的主语,结合所给答案,判定主语和从句（含有空格的通常是从句）的关系是主动仍是被动,1. from space, our earth, with water covering70% of its surface, appears as a planet ”.09.32A. SeenB. SeeingC. To be seen D. Having seen2. more time, the scientists will be able to work out a goo
5、d solution to the problem.06.14A. GivenB. GivingC. To giveD. Be given3. finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.A. Having not beenB. Being notC. Not havingD. Having not本文全部真题都不再写答案, 也请不要问我答案 你能看到这篇文章说明上过我的课, 假如上过我的课仍解不出来题,你现在立刻要做的只有三件事 深深的自我检讨；疯狂的翻动书页；向身边比你牛的同学请教；习惯用法的考察：It is no go
6、od/use doing sth. 例:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 懊悔没有用 .There is no point/use/good in doing sth. 干某事没必要 /意义/用处 have a difficulty/trouble/problem/good time/hard time+in doing sth二、虚拟语气的考察：虚拟语气的考察点近几年变化不大,主要集中在对过去的虚拟（结合倒装结构考察） 虚拟条件句的从句部分假如含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略,再把 were, should或 had 移
7、到从句句首,实行倒装； , your advice yesterday, I would have missed the trai（n. 04.06）A. Had I not takenB. if I didnt takeC. If I havent takenD. provided I didnt take另外一个考试热点就是虚拟语气在从句中的考察, 即在表示建议 ,要求,命令等意思的动词request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,后面的从句中 ,
8、 谓语动词用 should+动词原形 should可以省略 ,that 不能省略 Our director suggested that the newsat once.A. announceB. would announceC. be announced D. should announce另外,仍有几个固定的结构,如 It is high/about time that. / would的ra用th法erwish 的用法 /lest/for fear that 引导的结构以及 must have done/can t have done/ should have done/ shouldn
9、e done/nteheadvhave done等1. Its high time about the traffic problem（.08.08）A. something was doneB. something is doneC. anything will be doneD. nothing to be done2. I would rather you to the party with her（.06.29）A. goB. wentC. will goD. has gone3. I gave her my telephone number lest sheher way to my
10、 home.A. had forgottenB. forgotC. should forgetD. would have forgotten这几年似乎有一个必考的焦点,就是对非限定性定语从句的反复考察,特殊是其中which/as 来代指前面整个句子的用法；除此之外仍有关系代词that 使用在特殊先行词all/the only 等词之后的考察 ; 介词+关系代词的考察；（仍是要结合笔记针对这几块好好复习啊）（请务必参考上课所记笔记,把这一部分学问点结合精讲过的例题弄透！） 三、定语从句的考察：1. She has fallen in love with Jack, I find hard to
11、imagine（. 09.28）A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which2. The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow（. 06.31）A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what3. Allis a continuous supply of fuel.（08.37）A. what is neededB. the thing neededC. that is neededD. for their needs4. Is this the house Shakespeare was b
12、or（n.09.09）A. whichB. in thatC. in whichD. at which四、主语从句：主语从句考察的关键点就在几个特殊词在句首引导的主语从句,集中在who/whoever/whatever/whether等词引导的主语从句；1. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights（. 09.10）A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who2. his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain（. 08.04）A. Th
13、atB. WhetherC. IfD. Even if3. you ought to do is to see a docto（r. 07.35）A. HowB. WhatC. WhichD. That五、倒装结构最近几年考察最多的就是部分倒装,部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前,构成的正确结构应是： 助动词/情态动词 /be 动词 + 主语 + 实义动词no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time, in no way, in no case, by no means, on no account
14、, no longer, not until1. Not until ten oclockit was too late to return.03.04A. they realizedB. they did realizeC. did they realizeD. realized they2. Seldomin such a rude way.07.31A. we have been treatedB. have we been treatedC. we have treatedD. have we treated3. Littlethat the police are about to a
15、rrest him.A. does he knowB. he doesnt knowC. he knowsD. he didnt know除此之外, only 置于句首的倒装；让步状语从句的倒装也在考察的范畴：1. Only when we came back home, hat my watch was missin（g. 06.13）A. did I findB. I foundC. I had foundD. Had 1 found2. , water resources have been severely wasted or pollut（ed0. 9.31）A. They are
16、scarceB. Scarce they areC. Scarce as they areD. As scarce they are3. Great the difficulties are, we must do our best to succee（d.06.25）A. whileB. asC. althoughD. however六、时态和语态的考察时态除了在 09 年没有选择题特地考察,以前每年都有特地的考察,在备考中不能忽视, 但考察的重点,集中在完成时态：1. I have been to the West Lake three times1970.A. sinceB. until
17、C. fromD. after2. John and Ifriends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But weeach other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seenB. have been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen3. By the time you arrive in London, wein Europe for two we
18、eks.A shall stayB have stayed C will have stayed Dhave been staying4. 1. The studentstheir classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned5. Some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market andaway.A. could be thrownB. had to be thrownC.
19、could throwD. had to throw第五题答案： B苹果作主语,只能用被动,从含有被动结构的AB 里选择,由该句句意判定是苹果在上市前腐烂,因此选择 “不得不 ”的选项；be absent from.缺. 席,不在be absorbed in全神贯注于 近： be lost in；be concentrated on； be focused ontake.into accountconsideration把 考虑进去ahead of time提前 confess to a crime承认罪行have confidence in对 有信心be confident of有信心con
20、fidential隐秘的take.into consideration=take.into accoun考t 虑到,把 考虑进去consideratethoughtful of the needs体贴的,考虑他人需要的,considerable相当大的,值得考虑的contrast.with. 把 与相对对比 in contrast to/with和 形成对比by contrast对比之下take sth. under control被掌握住out of control无法掌握be convenient to/for对 便利cope withdeal with,try to find a sol
21、ution to应对,处理at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of以 为代价emerge from appear,become known出 现,暴露 问题,看法等 end up with 以 而终止engage in或 be engaged in忙于,从事be equipped with装备有,装有exceptbut除了except forapart from 除 以外be good for对 有好处；对 有作用be good at善于于；be good to对 好take.for granted assume to be true把 认为理所当然的be in the
22、 habit of习惯于get fall into the habit of养成了 的习惯live from hand to mouth将就度日,现挣现吃at heartin reality内心里,实际上in ones heartof hearts内 心深处,事实上by heartby memory熟记,背 诵 with all ones heart全心全意地,真心实意be ignorant of lacking knowledge对 不明白,不知道make leavean impression on sb.give sb.an impression给 留下印象make the most us
23、eof充分利用 gifttalentby nature 天生的,生来in nature 本质上 natural name after 用的名字命名none other than不是别人,正是 nothing but 只有,不过 而已it occurs to sb.that.某. 人想到 all at once suddenly, now立刻,立刻once in a whileoccasionally偶 尔in order 井井有条,处于良好状态；out of orderin bad condition出毛病,发生故障participate intake part in参与be patient
24、with 对 耐心perform on the piano play the piano演奏钢琴persist in坚持,顽固in person亲自,当面come to the point谈主要问题there is no point in doing sth没. 必要做某事 point atindicate, direct attention指着point out indicate,show指出,指明popular with/among 大众所宠爱的,拥护resort to诉诸于 ,求助于 resort to force诉诸于武力respond to对 反应,响应,对 药有效in respon
25、se toas an answer to回答,反应be responsible for对 负责,是造成 缘由result incause导致with the result that 其结果是in returnfor 作为报答；以报答 for get rid of 摆脱,去掉,除去be in the right 正确的；in the wrong错误的give rise tolead to引起,导致at the risk of with danger of冒 的风险for the sake offor the good or advantage of为了起见be satisfied with中意o
26、n a large scale大规模地on schedule按时,准时ahead of schedule提前； in advance预先； behind schedule落后于方案进度,晚于规定时间in search of查找；in honor of为了表示对 敬意；in memory of 为了纪念 ；in pursuit of 追求；on behalf of代表的利益； in favor of 赞成；in season旺季in secret隐秘地； in private 私下share sth.with与 共享,分担,分摊,共用be sorry about/for懊悔的,懊悔的,伤心的sp
27、ecialize in特地讨论,专攻in spite ofdespite尽管stick to粘着,坚持stick to ones friend忠于伴侣stick at continue to work hard at连续勤奋地致力于 ；stick at ones books勤奋读书 be strict with 对 严格要求be/go on strike罢工suffer from 患 病；受 苦痛be suitable for fit适合 的be surprised at对 诧异； take.by surprise使 诧异；to ones surprise使某人诧异 in good taste
28、大方,得体； 反意in bad taste小家子气in terms of with regard to；respectively按 照,依据,在 方面think ofhave the idea of想 到； consider考虑； remember想起on second thoughts经一再考虑之后at the thought of一想到 for the time being temporarily临时in time for准时on time 准时at no time 无论何时也不 in on time very quickly立刻,立刻at timesoccasionally间 或,经常a
29、t all times always始终,总是be in use be used被使用；be out of usebe on longer used不再被使用be used toV-ing习惯于used to动词原形 过去经常做 in vainuselessly徒 劳be in the wayobstructive碍事,阻碍by way ofby going through经由,取道by the way in addition顺带地 转移话题 in no way 无论怎样也不 in a way 从某种程度上说against ones will违心地,违反意愿地in a word 总之；in o
30、ther words换言之；have a word with sb谈. 一谈；have words with sb争. 吵；hav the last word有打算权一 时态1. 时间状语从句,条件句中,从句用一般现在时代替将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case that, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately典型例题1）He s
31、aid heme a present unless Iin doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeedC. will not give; succeedD. would not give; will succeed.答案 B. 在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时；此题有He said,故为过去式；主句用将来时,应选 B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时；2. 表示 意图 、 准备、 支配、常用于人；常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, lea
32、ve, stay等；Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week.二 非谓语动词1. 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, fe等el+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性2. 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的规律主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在； 2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系；3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开；举例：The test
33、finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试终止了,我们开头放假；Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.假如天气答应,我们明天去看你；This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家；He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆该结构否定式 : 在非谓语动词前加直接 Not 考的这可是内部
34、教材上的原题 .2022 年专升本考试原题20.finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.A. Having not beenB. Being notC. Not havingD. Having not三 虚拟语气1. It is high time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should 加动词原形,但 should不行省略；It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed
35、.2. 虚拟条件句的从句部分假如含有were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略,再把 were, should或 had 移到从句句首,实行倒装；Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.3.a. 同现在事实相反的假设；句型 ： 条件从句主句一般过去时should would
36、 +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设； 在各类考试中 ,该结构常把 had 提前构成倒装 句型： 条件从句主句过去完成时shouldwould have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.2022 年专升本原题 :30., everything would have been all right.A. He had been thereB. Been here he hadC. Here he had beenD. Had he bee
37、n herec.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.考点:虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中；order, suggest, propose, requi
38、re, demand, request, insist, command, insist + should do例:I suggest that we should hold a meeting next week.2022 年原题 :6. The teacher insisted that weour homework before 9:00 o clockA. finishedB. had finishedC. finishD. was finishing四 倍数的表达a.主语+谓语+倍数（分数） + the size amount,length of The earth is 49 ti
39、mes the size of the moon. 地球是月球的 49 倍；（考察频率最高的结构 考试中显现该题型的话,特殊留意：红色部分单词变化较多）b.主语+谓语+倍数（或分数） + as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多；c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数） + 形容词（副词）比较级 + than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加 8%；五 强调结构常考的强调句结构是 it 引导的句子；It
40、 is was 被强调部分 + that who + 句子其他部分；典型例题1） It was last nightI see the comet.A.the timeB.whenC.thatD.which答案 C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that who + 主谓句； 强调句的连词只有两个, that 和 who；当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用who,其余用that；2） It is ten yearsMiss Green returned to Canada.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as答案 C. 考点是连词用法； 此题易误选为
41、 A. that. 其实本句不是强调句；如是,去掉Itbe that仍应是一个完整的句子；而本句去掉It is t,ha只t Green returned to Canada.不成句；因此本句不是强调句；2022 年专升本原题 :剩下 ten years Miss15. It was at the music hallwe met each other for the first time.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. that（待续）（接着往下看喽）1. 介词+关系词（常用 which,whom,whose）1）介词后面的关系词不能省略；2）that 前不能有介词；3）
42、判定该类题型时特殊留意：所选介词肯定要和从句中显现的动词（考的最多）或形容词搭配成短语This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.2. as, which非限定性定语从句由 as, which引导的非限定性定语从句, as 和 which 可代整个主句,相当于 and this或 and that ；As 一般放在句首, which 在句中；As we know, smoking is harmfulto ones health.The sun h
43、eats the earth, which is very important to us.3. As 的用法例 1. the same, as；such,as中的as 是一种固定结构,和, 一样, ；Ihave got intothe same troubleas he has.He isnot the sameman as he used to be.例 2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有 正如 ；As we know, smoking is harmfulto ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.4. 特殊句式（ 考题中常给出困惑性的选项 anyone 或who,除非它们一起显现,否就肯定是用Whoever）Whoever spits in public will be punished here. Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替5. 时间状语从句中的 when while as1） as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词；Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.