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1、读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思七年级英语 Unit 3 Why do you like koalas.【本讲主要内容 】通过本课的学习,我们应当能做下面的事:1. 把握肯定量的动物名词及其名词的单复数的使用;2. 学会 like 的一般现在时的疑问句及确定和否定的回答;3. 能使用目标语言与伙伴谈论彼此的喜好;4. 能够谈论宠爱某种动物的理由;5、能够完成一篇有关描写动物的文章;【学问把握】【文化背景】由于利益的促使,人们大量猎杀野生动物,造成很多物种濒临灭亡;目前,各个国家及政府都在积极宣扬爱护动物,期望大家通过本单元的学习,能积极参加进来;爱护生物,保护生态平稳,爱护我们的生存环
2、境;【词汇用法】动物名称: 基础:在 zoo(动物园)里面,我们会看到很多动物,例如,tiger tigers (虎)elephant elephants(大象)koala koalas (考拉)dolphin dolphins (海豚)pandapandas(熊猫)lion lions (狮子)penguin penguins(企鹅 pe. win ) giraffe giraffes (长颈鹿 d. r. f )animal animals(动物)以上是一些动物名词及其复数形式;名词的复数形式前面已经讲过,这里不再赘述, 但有一点同学们应当留意的就是有一种名词是将词中的oo 变成 ee;例
3、: foot feet(脚)goose geese(鹅)同学们可依据所学学问,将下面的名词试着变成复数形式;补充:kangaroo(袋鼠) ,chameleon(变色龙 k .mi:lj .n ) ,goose(鹅) ,rabbit (兔子) , snail(蜗牛) ,swan(天鹅 sw .n ),turtle(龟) ,wolf(狼) ,polar bear(北极熊) , mosquito (蚊子) , horse(马) ,camel(骆驼) ,bee(蜜蜂) ,snake(蛇) , hen(母鸡) ,cow(奶牛) , monkey(猴子) ,ladybug (瓢虫) ,fly (苍蝇)k
4、oala bear 树熊Zebra斑马peacock孔雀.pi:.k . k形容词:本单元形容词的用法基础:smart(美丽的) ,cute(可爱的) ,ugly (丑陋的) ,friendly (友好的) , beautiful (美丽的) ,shy(害羞的) ,clever(聪慧的) ,lazy(懒散的) , other(其他的)补充:small(小的)large(大的)powerful (强大的)strong(强壮的)colorful (多彩的)lovely (可爱的)cool(酷的)loyal (忠诚的)tall(高的)funny (滑稽的)lazy(懒的)gentle(温顺的)bra
5、ve(英勇的)sly(狡猾的)silly (愚蠢的)英语学习中,词汇的积存特别重要,期望大家在平常的学习中,留意积存,为学好英语打下坚实基础;其它: map,leaf , kind of , very, meat, grass, south1. map(地图)a map(一张地图)a map of China (一张中国地图) a map of the world (世界地图)2. leaf (叶子) leaves(复数)以 f, fe 结尾的名词变复数去f,fe 加 ves ;类似的仍有wolf wolves (狼)knife knives (小刀)falling leaves (落叶)3.
6、 very很, 特别The dolphins are very smart. (海豚很伶俐; )4. kind of有些 ,有几分 ,有点,略微The penguins are kind of interesting.(企鹅有几分有趣;)kind 仍有“种类”的意思 a kind of / kinds of种类各种各样的 all kinds of There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. (动物园里有各种各样的动物; ) kind形容词 慈爱的A kind girl tries to help people and make them happy.
7、和善的姑娘尽力帮忙别人,使他们兴奋;kind-hearted好心肠的She is so kind-hearted that we all love her.她是如此和善,我们都宠爱她;be kind to 对友善We should be kind to the animals. 我们应善待动物;It s kind of you.太好了,感谢;It s kind of you +to do sth.It s very kind of you to wash the clothes for me.你真是太好了,帮我洗衣服;5. south (南 ) Snorth (北) Neast(东) Ewes
8、t(西) W southeast 东南northeast 东北southwest 西南northwest 西北Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利位于欧洲南部;Jinan lies to the north of Huai River.济南位于淮河以北;6. get 动词 获得 得到Lucy gets greetings from her mother every day. 露西每天都得到妈妈的问候;get up 起床I often get up at 6 : 00 every morning. 我早上常常六点起床;get to sleep 入睡 go to
9、sleep 仅表示去睡觉这么一个动作, 而 get to sleep 表示的却是 go to sleep 后面的入睡动作;He went to sleep at nine yesterday, but it was hard for him to get to sleep.昨天他九点就去睡觉了,但他却睡不着;get along( on) with 与相处Don t worry about me. I get along well with my new classmates.不要担忧我,我和新同学相处很好;get back 返回get off下车You can get off at Zhong
10、shan Park.你可以在中山公园下车;get ride of摆脱I think you should get rid of your bad habits.我认为你应当改掉坏毛病;get in touch with与联系Amy didn t get in touch with me for a long time. Amy很长时间没和我联系了;get to 到达How can I get to Beijing Zoo.我如何能到北京动物园?reach 到达 够到Can you reach the apple on the tree. 你能够到树上的苹果吗?arrive in 到达(大地方)
11、They arrived in New York last month. 他们上个月到达纽约;arrive at 到达(小地方)The soldier arrived at the village on time.士兵们按时到达那个村庄;get home 到家不能用成 get to home;这里 home 是副词, 副词前面不加介词to;类似的仍有: Where did you go. 不是 Where did you go to. where 是副词, 必需去掉 to;类似的用法在以后的学习中仍会遇到很多,请同学们留心;7. play with 与玩耍She likes to play w
12、ith her friends.她宠爱和伴侣玩;Don t play with fire.不要玩火;with 介词 和 跟 Tom always goes to the cinema with Peter.留意区分与 and 的用法, and 通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,假如有 I, I 通常放在 and 之后,如:My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “和一起玩耍 ”玩“”I often play with my pet dog.Don t play with water.with穿 戴The man with
13、glasses is my uncle. 戴眼镜的那个人是我的叔叔;with具有China is a country with a long history.中国是历史悠久的国家;with使用某种工具We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看;with随着Gone with the wind.随风而去; 这也是名著飘的名字;agree with +sb./what从句同意某人的观点They don t agree with me. 他们不同意我的观点; I agree with what you said.我赞成你;argue with sb. 与争执She kept argui
14、ng with her brother.她不停地和弟弟争执;8. be quiet 寂静Please be quiet. 请寂静;keep silentWe must keep silent in the library. 在图书馆我们必需保持寂静;9. during the day在白天in the day= in the daytime 在白天at night在夜晚in the night 在夜晚The koala sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.考拉白天睡觉,夜晚起来吃叶子;day 和 nigh
15、t 是一对反义词, day 表示白天或一天, night 表示夜或夜晚;通常说 in the day, during the day, at nigh;t eat leaves at night10. relax放松,休息Koala bears often sleep during the day andHes lazy, he relaxes 20 hours every day.他很懒,每天休息20 个小时;同义词 rest or have a restWe are all tired. Let s have a rest. 我们太累了,休息一会吧;relaxing 放松的, 通常与物连用
16、I like comedies, because it s relaxing. 我宠爱喜剧,由于它很放松; relaxed 放松的My father is often very busy and tired, but now he is relaxed.我父亲常常又忙又累,但是现在他很放松;11. meat 和 grass 均为不行数名词;不行数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;The grass is coming up. 草长出来了;There is much meat in the fridge.冰箱里有很多肉;meat 是肉类的统称,详细可分为:pork猪肉 ,mutton 羊肉, b
17、eef 牛肉, chicken 鸡肉,fish 鱼肉等;这些是我们常见的肉类;12. Africa非洲 China 中国 都是地点名词,首字母大写,且前不加the;这就是我们常说的七大洲:Asia 亚洲Europe 欧洲North America 北美洲South America 南美洲, Oceania 大洋洲Antarctica南极洲,外加Africa非洲那么四大洋就是:Pacific Ocean 太平洋Indian Ocean 印度洋Atlantic Ocean 大西洋Arctic Ocean 北冰洋China= the Peoples Republic of China地点名词前往往加
18、介词in :在某地, 在某地所属区域之内;例: I live in China.我居住在中国;Egypt lies in the north of Africa.埃及位于非洲的北部;假如句式为甲地 + be( lie ) on+ 乙地, 就意思为两地是紧邻的;甲地不在乙地的区域内,但是甲乙两地是挨着的;North Korea is on China.北朝鲜紧邻中国;假如句式为甲地 + be(lie ) to+ 乙地,就意思为两地是相邻的;甲地不在乙地的区域内, 且甲乙两地不是挨着的;Japan lies to China. 日本与中国隔海相望;13. friendlyadj. 友好的,和气可亲
19、的它是名词 friend 的形容词形式,常常和be 动词连用 , be friendly to sb. 对某人友好;He is very friendly to his classmate. 他对他的同学特别友好;14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化仍有: wifewives, wolf wolves,knifeknives,scarf-scarfsscarves等 ;15. hour n. 小时;点钟 hour 前边通常加上冠词 an 表示“一个小时 ”, 即:an hour; There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes
20、 in an hour.16. meat n. (食用的)肉,为不行数名词,表示 “很多”时,使用 much 来修饰, 即: much meatHe eats much meat every day17. grass n. 草,为不行数名词, 表示“很多”时,使用 much 来修饰,即:much grass;There is much grass on the playground.【重点词组 】eat grasseat leavesbe quietvery shyvery smart very cuteplay withher friendskind ofSouth Africaother
21、animalsat night in the dayevery dayduring the day【语法的重点难点】1. 有关 other 及相关用法,对初学英语的同学往往是简单混淆的other adj. 其他的,别的相当于一个形容词,作定语 ,后通常有一个名词;如: What other animals do you like.你仍宠爱其他的动物吗?other students are cleaning the room. 其他同学在打扫房间;others 别的(人或物) ,其他的(人或物) ;相当于一个名词;后不再接名词;如: He always thinks of others.他总是为
22、别人着想;one the other (二者之中的)一个另一个There are two cups on the table. One is mine, the other is my sister s.桌子上有两个杯子;一个是我的,另一个是我妹妹的;some others一些另一些There are many people there. Some are swimming, others are lying on the beach.那有很多人;有的在游泳,有的躺在沙滩上;the other 与 the others 区分与前面相同;加定冠词后表特指某一范畴的人或物;如: There are
23、 32 students in our class. Two boys are Americans, the others are Chinese. 我们班有 32 位同学;有两位男孩是美国人,其余的都是中国人;another 另一个Ive got another three days holiday.我又得到了三天假;one another 相互,彼此one after another 一个又一个another 一般指没有限定范畴的人或物;而other 就往往是限定内的人或物;other与 else的区分 other“别的”(后面常常跟名词) 词组: one, the other. 一个另一
24、个(用于两者之间)I have two pens, one is new, the other one is old.我有两支钢笔,一支是新的,另外一支是旧的;What other questions do you want to ask.=what else do you want to ask. else “别的,其它的”(放在疑问词或不定代词之后)Anything else?仍有其他什么吗?2. like宠爱I like dolphins better.我更宠爱海豚;Amy likes koalas best.Amy 最宠爱考拉;Tony likes skateboarding.托尼宠爱
25、滑滑板;The twins like hamburgers.这对双胞胎宠爱吃汉堡;We like to listen to music.我们宠爱听音乐;句式总结:一般现在时的确定句主语 +动词 +宾语 +其它;假如主语为单数第三人称, 谓语动词也用相应单数第三人称形式;动词的单数第三人称形式在Unit 2已经讲过;I don t like giraffes. 我不宠爱长颈鹿; He doesnt like tigers.他不宠爱老虎; She doesnt like sharks.她不宠爱鲨鱼;They don t like to stay at home all day.他们不宠爱成天呆在家
26、里;句式总结:一般现在时否定句主语+助动词( dont/doesnt ) +动词原形 +宾语 +其它;主语为第三人称单数时,助动词用doesnt ;主语是其它人称就用dont;Do you like watching TV.你宠爱看电视吗?Yes, I do.是, 我宠爱; /No, I don t. 不,我不宠爱; Do you like giraffes.你宠爱长颈鹿吗?Yes. I do.是的,我宠爱; /No, I don t. 不,我不宠爱;Does Mary like flowers. Mary宠爱花吗?Yes, she does是., 她宠爱; /No, she doesnt.不
27、,她不宠爱;Does he like tigers. 他宠爱老虎吗?Yes, he does. 是,他宠爱; / No, he doesnt. 不,他不宠爱;Do they like pandas.他们宠爱熊猫吗?Yes, they do./ No, they don t.句式总结:一般现在时一般疑问句的构成:助动词+主语 +动词原形 +其它?回答也有肯定的规律: 确定句:Yes,主语 +助动词( do / does); 否定句:No ,主语 +助动词(dont/doesnt );主语假如不是单数第三人称, 用助动词或 do /don;主语假如是单数第三人称, 用助动词 does或 doesn
28、t.like to do sth./ like doing sth.宠爱做某事Patty likes to eat pizza. Patty 宠爱吃匹萨;I like swimming in the river我宠爱在河里游泳;look like 看起来像What does your mother look like. 你妈妈长的什么模样?feel like +doing想要I feel like taking a rest.我想休息一会;I don t feel like eating anything.我什么都不想吃;would like +名词或 +to do sth想要做某事would
29、 可和前面的人称代词缩写例 I would=I dhe would=he d Would you like some orange juice.你想喝橙汁吗?Id like you to meet a friend of mine.我想让你见我的一位伴侣;like this/that像这样 /那样Don t walk like this.不要像这样走路;like名词 爱好 常用复数 likesWe know nothing of his likes and dislikes我们对他的爱憎一无所知;3. Let s see the koalas.让我们去看考拉吧;Lets + 动词原形,译为让我
30、们用于祈使句中建议人们做某事,其答语往往为great, good idea etc.例如: Lets clean the classroom at once. 我们立刻打扫教室吧; Lets go to a movie.Great.我们去看电影吧;太好了; Lets help him with his math, shall we.我们在数学方面帮帮他,好吗.Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Let him do it by himself.让他自己做吧;Let sleeping dogs lie ;别惹麻烦;Let the cat out of the bag ;泄密;4. 特别疑
31、问句通常以 “ what、”“ who”、“ which、”“ when、”“ where、”“ how”、“ how old ”、“ how many等”开头,对某一详细问题进行提问;特别疑问句的基本构成 有两种情形: 1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构; 这是最常见的情形; 例如:Whats your grandfather s telephone num你be爷r.爷的电话号码是多少?Who is that boy with big eyes. 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?Which season do you like best.你最宠爱哪个季节? How are you.你好吗?When is
32、he going to play the piano.他什么时候弹钢琴?Where does he live. 他住在哪儿? How old are you. 你多大了?读书之法 , 在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思How many brothers and sisters do you have.你有几个兄弟姐妹?2. 疑问句+陈述句结构;这时疑问词做主语或修饰主语;例如: Who is on duty today. 今日谁值日? Which man is your teacher.哪位男士是你的老师?我们学过的What/How about+名词/ 代词+其他?也是特别疑问句,它是一种省略结构;例
33、如:I like English. What/How about you.我宠爱英语;你呢?What about playing basketball.打篮球怎么样?3. another, other, the other, others, the other的s 区分;单数another the other主语、宾语、定语复数泛指特指成份otherthe other定语othersthe others主语、定语5. why 引导询问缘由的特别疑问句,由because 作答; 留意: because与 so 不能同时显现;【功能用语及拓展】本单元涉及的功能用语有:语言环境:针对对方提问的缘由,
34、精确地向对方做出回答时,使用这类功能用语;主要句型:1. Why do you want to see the pandas. 你为什么要看熊猫?Because they re cute因. 为它们可爱;2. Why does he like the koalas.他为什么宠爱考拉?Because they are kind of interesting.由于它们有几分好玩;3. What animals do you like. 你宠爱什么动物?I like penguins. They are cute.我宠爱企鹅;它们可爱;4. What other animals do you lik
35、e.你仍宠爱其他的动物吗?I like dogs, too.我仍宠爱狗;5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6.She s very shy.7. He is from Australia.8. He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9. He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. 10Let s see the pandas first.11. They re kind
36、of interesting.12. Where are lions from.Where do lions come from.狮子来自哪里?They are from Africa.They come from Africa.它们来自非洲;这里留意: be from 和 come from在用法上的区分; be 是系动词用在问句里可直接提前, 而 come 是实义动词,必需使用助动词提问;例: Are you from Nanjing.Yes, I am./No, I m not ;Do you come from Nanjing. Yes, I do. /No, I dont.以上两句可
37、译为你来自南京吗?是的,我是;/不,我不是;Is he from No.4 Middle School. Yes, he is. /No, he isn t.Does he from No.4 Middle School. Yes, he does./ No, he doesn t.以上两句可译为他来自第四中学吗?是,他是;/不,他不是;Are they from the USA. Yes, they are./ No, they aren t.Do they come from the USA. Yes, they do. /No, they don t.以上两句可译为他们从美国来吗?是的,
38、他们是;/不,他们不是;同学们可以细心观看一下系动词和助动词的用法;有关动物的习语娴熟使用习语,直接与讲英语的人对话,有很大优势;1. The meaning of the idiomrain cats and dogs is to rain very heavily .雨下得很大It rains cats and dogs so we have to quit our game.雨下得太大了,我们不得不取消竞赛;2. A white elephant is : an unwanted or useless item不需要的东西How silly you are to buy so many
39、white elephants .We dont need them at all.你太傻了,买了如此多我们根本不需要的东西;as blind as a bat(像蝙蝠一样盲目) as hungry as a bear(像熊一样饥饿)as busy as a beave(r 像河狸一样劳碌)as angry as a bull(像公牛一样愤慨)as changeful as a chameleon(像变色龙一样多变) as sly as a fox(像狐狸一样狡猾)as tall as a giraffe (像长颈鹿一样高) as silly as a goose(像鹅一样愚蠢)as play
40、ful as a kitten (像小猫一样宠爱玩耍) as gentle as a lamb(像小羊一样温顺)as brave as a lion(像狮子一样英勇)as stubborn as a mule(像骡子一样顽固) as smart as an owl(像猫头鹰一样聪慧) as quick as a rabbit(像兔子一样快)as slow as a snail(像蜗牛一样缓慢)as graceful as a swan(像天鹅一样美丽) 相关写作动物是人类的好伴侣;现在,动物园又有了另外一种方式来为动物供应更多的帮忙-认养动物; 请你以某一种动物的名义写一封包含以下内容的介绍信
41、,呼吁更多人来关爱 动物!nameanimalagewherequalities【思路探究】写作时 1. 应留意你所描述动物的名称特别是特点;2. 题目所给五项信息不能丢;3. 留意句式的变化;在一篇文章中,丰富的句式,会使你的作文得高分;I am Gogo, a 2-year-old animal from North America .I like swimming,eating fish and playing with a ball. I swim very fast and jump so high. I can even stand up and walk on water. Iv
42、ery friendly to people. If you fall into the water and can t swim, I mDaoyycooume to help you. know what I am now. Do you think I m interesting. Come on, let s make friends.写封信给你的笔友介绍你设计的动物园里的动物、方位和来自哪个国家;【考点突破】【考点指要】本单元所涉及的中考考点有:1. 留意背诵积存动物名词及名词的单复数的用法;中考必考,涉及的题型很广,做题时, 应当细心;2. 有关 other 及相关用法;特别one the other 及 other, others 的用法是中考的重点;主要题型有单项挑选和完型填空;3. 本单元的功能用语主要应用于交际用语和情境对话的题型;4. 写作主要是将本单元的词汇和句型应用到文章中;以上也是同学们复习时应留意的事项;