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1、一、虚词 it 虚义 it 指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度、环境等概念的用法。It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing. It is only about half an hours ride from here to my home. It s three oclock now.It looks as if the college is very small. It is very quiet at the moment. 二、指代it 的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物,同时也可以用以代替指示代词this,that. 1.My
2、 dictionary is missing, I cant find it anyway.2.Tom has failed in the exam, have you heard about it? 3.Whats this?- it s a computer.4. Whose bicycle is that? - it s hers.it, one, 用于指代用法时的区别 : it 代替上文提及的原物 (复数用 they)； one 指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数 （复数 ones）Do you want the watch? Yes, I want it. Do you want a
3、 watch? Yes, I want one. What is a panda like? I ve never seen one, so I dont know what it is like. 指代不明身份或性别的人也用it ,有时可以用来指婴儿，有时还可以指引起某种情况的事物。1.A:-Who is making such a noise? B:-It must be the children. 2.Its the wind shaking the window . 3.Look that lovely baby in the cradle! Oh, dear. It is cryin
4、g. 4.A：Whos it (knocking at the door)? B: Its me. 三、形式 it: 1形式主语： 不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“ 头重脚轻 ” ，要将真正的主语后置。It seemed impossible (for him) to get back home. It was worthwhile searching for his roots. It was obvious that his ancestor taught his younger generation little of his own language. 1. It is c
5、lear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that 该句型中 it 是形式主语， 真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句， 常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定 ）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 2. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句
6、型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 3. It is said (repor t
7、ed, learned) that 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉 ）” 。It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit 4. It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（ should + 动词原
8、形），should 可以省。常译为 “ 据建议；有命令）” 。It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 5. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中， that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去表示出乎意料，常译为 “ 竟然” 。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (
9、should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！6. It is time ( about time , high time ) that . 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气， 值得注意的是： 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用 should + 动词原形， should 不能省。常译为 “ 是（正是） 的时侯 ” 。It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children wen
10、t to bed. 7. It is the first ( second ) time that 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态； 如果是一般过去时， 后面从句则用过去完成时态。 该结构中that 可以省去； it 有时用 this 替换，常译为 “ 是第一（二） 次” 。It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 8. It is s
11、ince .该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 9. It is . when . 该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“ 当的时候，是 ” 。It was 5 oclock when he came here. 10. It be . before .
12、该句型主句中的it 指时间 , 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“ 之后” 。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 11. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that. 该句型中 it 是形式主语， that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem 等词是不及物动词精品资料 - - -
13、 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来 12. It takes sb. to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it 是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“ 做要花费某人 ” 。It took thousan
14、ds of people many years to build the Great Wall. 13. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use ) 。It is no good learning English without speaking English. 14. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“ 不论（是
15、否） 没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 15. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good ( 好心的 ), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的 ), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wr
16、ong (错误的 )等。 这个句型可以改写为： sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 16. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult,
17、dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party 17. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中 it 无意义。as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，“ 看起来好象 如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）It looks as i
18、f he were ill. （没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying. 2形式宾语：18. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的 it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：6123 结构6 指主句中常用的动词： think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ；1 指的是形式宾语 it ；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that 引导的宾语从句。Airplanes have made
19、 it easy and comfortable for us to travel. I took it for granted that you would stay with us . We found it useless learning a theory without practice. 不定式、动名词以及主语从句作宾语时，为避免“ 头重脚轻 ” ，要将真正的宾语后置。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 四、强调 it:
20、19. It is + 被强调部分+ that .该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was
21、 in the street that I met her father. 20. It is not until + 被强调部分+ that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“ 直到才” ，可以说是not . until . 的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film
22、star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 注意：1)一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用 where; 2)强调句子谓语不能使用此句型，应使用助动词的适当形式。3)在强调 until 引导的状语时，如果在句中有not，not 要提前与 until 连用。1.I did meet an old friend in the street last week. 2.What I did last week was (to) meet an old friend
23、in the street. 3.The teacher didnt begin his class until everybody took their places.It was not until everybody took their places that the teacler began his class. it 的用法及专练 50 题从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and _ made his parents sad. A. which B. what C
24、. he D. it 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 3. In fact, _is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 4. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ d
25、idn t help.A. he B. which C. she D. it 5. Does _ matter whether he can finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 6. _ used to be thought that the earth was square. A. He B. What C. It D. That 7. I took _ for granted that he would believe in us. A. that B. the thing C. it D. this 8. He live
26、d in poverty, and he couldnt help _. A. so B. such C. it D. that 9. We had to be patient because it _ some time _ we got the full results. A. has been ； since B. had been ； until C. was ； after D. would be ； before 10. _ four years since I joined the army. A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
27、 11. Have you ever seen a whale alive? Yes, Ive seen _. A. thatB. itC. suchD. one 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 12. _ being March 12th, they planted trees on the hill. A. That B. It isC. It D. This 13. Was that the new comer who wa
28、lked by? _. A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been 14. Our classroom is very clean. Do you know who _ cleaned it? A. was it that B. it was that C. was it who D. he was 15. Its the third time _ arrived late this month. A. that you B. when you C. that youve D. whe
29、n you ve16. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrived.”A. It is ； There is B. There is ； It is C. It is ； It is D. There is ； There is 17. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Where it not C. Had it not been D. If th
30、ey were not 18. She finds _ boring _ at home. A. it；staying B. that ；being stayed C. this；to stay D. it；stayed 19. Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. It s no _ that he always gets the first place in any examination. A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder 20. Now th
31、en, children. Its high time you _ and dressed. A. washed B. should wash C. were washed D. are washed 21. Why did he let you repeat his instruction time and time again? _ that I remember what was _ after he went out. A. To see to it ；to be done B. Making sure ； to be done C. To make sure ；to do D. Se
32、eing to ； done 22. _ the people have become the master of their own country _ science can really serve the people. A. It is only then ； that B. It was that ； when C. It is only when ； that D. It was when ； then 23. _ is no difference between A and B. A. There B. Where C. It D. What 24. How long _ to
33、 finish your composition? A. will it take you B. will take you C. you will take it D. you will take 25. _ is just like him to want to do something different from everybody else. A. It B. There C. He D. Who 26. That young Swedish _ quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. A. kept B. grew C.
34、got D. stood 27. In late autumn leaves _ brown. A. get B. turn C. stand D. come 28. Little Jims speech sounds _. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 29. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. went C. became D. looked 30. As a child, Franc _. A. was alive B. grew patien
35、ce C. ran wild D. came true 31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _ sweet. A. become B. taste C. smell D. sound 32. She _ like her mother in character. A. feels B. seems C. looks D. is 33. It _ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. appears C. promises D. looks 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -
36、 - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 34. His father _ that older than he really is. A. grows B. appears C. turns D. becomes 35. His girlfriend _ a singer. A. has turned B. grew C. has become D. turned 36. Obviously, the old soldiers knowledge of English _ very weak. A.
37、 seems B. rose C. remained D. looked 37. His mother _ teacher. A. became B. has turned C. came D. proved 38. It sounds _ the singing of rails. A. as B. in C. like D. as if 39. Her temperature _ to be all right. A. seems B. sounds C. appears D. looks 40. His wish to become a driver has _ true. A. rea
38、lized B. come C. grown D. turned 41. His plan _ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _ dark. A. running B. coming C. getting D. going 43. These apples taste _. A. to be good B. good C. to be well D. well 44. How about t
39、he cloth you bought yesterday? Thats very beautiful. It _ so soft. A. felt B. feels C. is feeling D. fall 45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _ asleep. A. kept B. got C. fall D. fell 46. He looks _ he hadn t had a good meal for a month.A. that B. as if C. when D. so far 47. It _ that
40、he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems 48. What does your brother look _ ? A. as B. on C. after D. like 49. She _ red with anger as soon as she heard the news. A. went B. stayed C. became D. remained 50. What a lovely day! I hope it _ fine. A. stayed B. will stay C. will get D. turn精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -