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1、SAT 核心语法精辟总结SAT核心语法精辟总结Identifying Sentence Errors 一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1 有关，与N2 无关）如：the details of the problem are incredible 例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D)
2、 New York. No error (E). (P161.1) (2) 名词 1+介词+名词 2 如： The students who are studying in the classroom are clean. 名词，插入语，verb 名词+doing/done 如： Students studying hard on monkey is intelligent. 例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests t
3、o (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3) 2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制） ；the number of , 的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。量词考点： a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。如：
4、here comes the bus a. 地点状语 +动词 +主语b. Only 置于句首的倒装例：a In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19) 例：b Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but
5、 (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) 4.名词集合名词： family, group, stuff, team, community ，只要这些词以单数结尾，后面的谓语动词都用单数。people, cattle, police ：其后的谓语动词用复数精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页 - - - -
6、 - - - - - - 以 s 结尾的词： means, species, news 以 cs结尾的词： physics, mathematics，不表示复数，是单数。以 us 结尾的词： octopus（章鱼） , platypus（鸭嘴兽） , -saurus（恐龙）考点：名词的单复数二、平行结构（1）名词，名词，and 名词例：Each time Caroline turns on her computer , she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) b
7、efore (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E). (P166.2) 例： Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B) for use in jewelry because of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error (E). （2）两者之间的平行如：not only ,but also,neither,nor either,or ,and/but
8、.例：The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E). (P601.13) （3）句子的平行考点：同类比较特点： -er, more, than, as, like, unlike, compare to/with. 如： The population of China is larg
9、er than that of America. 所有格和所有格之间比较时，第二个所有格是不能省略的，需要补充that of/those of/s。三、形容词和副词adj. + n. / pron. adv. + v. / adj. / adv. 如：I find the book easy. I find the book easily. 例：Although canoeing through (A) the rapids was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the ca
10、noe float serene (C) down (D) a smooth stretch of the river. No error (E). (P838.12) 笔记： serene 平静的； serenely 平静地如：快速的发展中的国家rapidly developing country 例：The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscap
11、e. No error (E). (P602.29) 例：Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy has never been (C) more clearer (D) than it is now. No error (E). （P659.18）四、逻辑主语精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - （1）Doing/do
12、ne , SVO. 如：Beaten black and blue, Kitty is crying. Beating black and blue, Kitty is crying. 例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E) 例：Raised in a large and noisy ci
13、ty, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be.（P955.11）(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be (B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small to
14、wn could be (C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could be (D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to college (E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away to college 例：While working as
15、a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor. （P892.1）(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor (B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor (C) then the development of Mother Teresa s profound love fo
16、r the poor took place(D) Mother Teresas profound love for the poor developed(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother Teresa 例：Having thought the problem through with some care, that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely.（P599.5）(A) that the co
17、mmittee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairperson extremely (B) the chairpersons extremely frustration resulted from the committee not understanding her solution (C) the chairpersons frustration at the committee s failing to understand her solution was extreme (D) the chairperson wa
18、s extremely frustrated by the committee s failure to understand her solution (E) the committees failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairperson while/when/by/on/through Doing/done , SVO.例：By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog
19、 order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.（P616.12）(A) a catalog order can be placed (B) by placing a catalog order (C) they will place your catalog order 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - -
20、 - - - (D) you can place a catalog order (E) your catalog order can be placed 例：Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister in 1993. （P493.13）(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Con
21、servative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime Minister (B) Canadians election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister was Kim Campbell (C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime Minister of Canada (D) the Progressive Conservative Party s Kim Campbe
22、ll was elected Prime Minister of Canadians (E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was elected by Canadians as Prime Minister 例：Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases. （P5
23、32.8）(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock (B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock (C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics (D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics (E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics （2）SVO, doing/done ,. S与分词SVO doing/done ,. O 与分
24、词如：The boys are watching a galaxy of beauties passing by, slobbering. 例：During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique store wandering (D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E). (P533.16) 五、代词代词一定要确切地指明具体对象。（1）单复数例：The starling is such a (A) pest in rural areas that
25、 it has become (B) necessary to find ways (C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)（P167.8）（2）主格，宾格主格： I，we，they 宾格： me，us，him，her 区别：做主格的一般出现在句首，做宾格的一般出现在动词、介词后。宾语：动词宾语、介词宾语。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - -
26、 例：The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared jointly by he (B) and the committee, does not take into account (C) the socioeconomic status of those interviewed (D). No error (E)（P602.21）例：Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to estab
27、lish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city. No error (E) （P602.26）例：For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even more acute than (C) apprehension about (D) final exams. No error (E) （ P721.27）（3）one，you 不能相互指代one 与 he/she 对应； ones 与 they 对应例：For people
28、 in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survival rather than (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E) （P838.19）（4）this 划线（5）which, who, whom, that 考点： which 不能指代人， who, whom 不能指代物。例：Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that student
29、s which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to the odor of chocolate. No error (E) （P894.15）例：In a world that (A) the rate of technological and social change accelerates frighteningly (B) , change itself
30、(C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) （P957.21）Where, in which 的区别：介词 +which 的用法 where 六、时态（1）现在类一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在将来时。（2）过去类一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，过去将来时。例：Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class , h
31、e seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it (D) in the past. No error (E) （P409.15）例：Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D) . No error (E)（P839.22）（3）不规则动词的过去分词例：
32、Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in Harlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writers in the 1930 s, he had wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)（P894.12）七、介词（1）基础介词的搭配精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - -
33、 -第 5 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - （2）把介词的固定用法出得很长（3）常考的点：有能力去做 be able to have ability to be capable of doing preoccupation with 总结归纳：（1）动词划线：时态、单复数；（2）代词；（3）平行结构；（4）形容词和副词；（5）名词；（6）逻辑主语；（7）介词。易错点：时态、固定用法、5E选项。作业： OG上所有的挑错题，并且分类总结。八 Improving Sentences 1. 简洁原则because 比 because of，aware of， consider
34、ing；主动 被动； 直接 间接； 动词 名词。例：Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating. (A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating (B). .television; she found the science programs especially fascinating (C) television, and it was
35、 especially the science programs that were of fascination (D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially (E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programs 2. run on 句型SVO ，SVO 两个句子相连：SVO ，conj SVO或者 SVO；SVO 副词和介词不能连接两个句子：SVO ，adv SVO或者 SVO ，prep SVO adv：以 ly 结尾的词；词根
36、判断法；however, thus, hence, then, also, even 练习：SVO, thus SVO. SVO, however SVO. SVO, but SVO. SVO, although SVO. SVO; therefore SVO. SVO; but SVO. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - SVO; though SVO. 例：Since some (A) people are convinced
37、 that (B) dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E) （P602.24）Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework. A, wee
38、kends, consequently they do not have B, weekends, they do not have C, weekends, as a consequence they do not have D, weekends, therefore they do not have E, weekends; consequently, they do not have 3. 逻辑主语 Logic subject doing/done ， SVO. adj./adv. ，SVO 4. having，being 自杀词：在句子中充当时态的组成部分。正确：放在句首大写。例：H
39、aving been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips. （ P954. 3）(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors (B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors (C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors (D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors (E) Because having been a vict
40、im of malicious rumors 5. 时态 tense 6. 单复数 singular & plural 5、6 常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线7. 平行结构 parallel structure doing, doing, and doing / 名词，名词， and 名词 两者之间的平行例：Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. （P678.13）(A) know not only that ex
41、cessive speeding on highways wastes (B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of (C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes (D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only (E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by
42、itself can waste 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - 同类相比较8. 固定用法so that， just as,so， had hardly,when，no sooner , than，, not ,any more,例：The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to where no one
43、on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.（P430.6）(A) budget to where (B) budget, therefore (C) budget, even (D) budget as (E). budget that 例：Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of
44、 famous architects. （ P775.10）(A). so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects (B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers (C) Finlands contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number (D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects i
45、s provided (E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects 例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4）(A) but his wife persuaded him to return (B) but his wife had him persuaded into
46、 returning (C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return (D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning (E) .than his wife persuaded him to return 例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative politica
47、l candidates.（P677.6）(A). any more than they will remember Wayne (B) as will Wayne not be remembered (C) any more than Wayne will been remember (D) just as they will not remember Wayne (E) no more than Wayne will be remembered 9. 双主语N SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO 。例： The Basque language, possibly one of
48、Europe s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.（P863.10）(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.(C) Possibly one of Europes oldest languages, the origins of Bas
49、que are hotly debated.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - - (D). The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe s oldest, are hotly debated.(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly Europe s oldest.1
50、0. 同位语优先主语，, ，VO 1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object. (A) which is leading scientists to wonder about (B) this development leading scientists to wonder about (C) and with it scientists wonder of(D). a d