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1、基础班典型例题主谓一致1. 倒装例： In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C)until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19) 例： Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmf
2、ul effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.6) 2. 插入语例:Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E). (P166.3) 3. 对 of
3、结构的考察例: The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P161.1) 4. 就近原则 not only., but also.; neither., nor.; either. or. 例: Of the two options, neither the system of appointin
4、g judges to the bench nor the process of electing judges are entirely satisfactory. No error 就远原则 along with, as well as ，accompanied by ，besides ，combined with，in addition to，including，rather than （而不是），no less than （与-一样） ，together with（与在一起） ，with 5. 主谓一致在固定用法中 。比如 a number of + noun (复) vs. the
5、number of + noun (单)；还有 means, species单复数同形；而people, cattle, the police, the public 作复数等精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 代词考点1. 看代词指代的对象是不是清楚：一词多代；例： As she was greatly influenced by her history teacher, she chose it as her major. 2.
6、代词单复数问题；3. 主格宾格问题 (介宾和动宾 )，以及反身代词用法；4. 代词泛指和特指的混淆 ；例:1. As a student becomes familiar with both early and contemporary Native American literature,one may notice that traditional stories have influenced recent ones. 2.To become a world figure-skating champion like Kristi Yamaguchi, one must be so ded
7、icated that youwill practice six hours a day. No error 5. 代词其他考点。（1）this 永远不能单独使用，一定要有其他名词和它一起（2）常用指示代词： which, that, who, whom, whose ，特别是 IE 题目中 which 和who 的错误混用 。（3）不定代词 every（one，thing，body） ，some （one，thing，body） ，any（one，thing，body）以及 no（one，thing，body） ，在表达中经常使用时后面还加else；no one 表示“ 一个没有 ” ，而且
8、 no one只代表单数名词，只能指人，谓语也用单数。例题: 1.For we students, concern about impending tuition hikes Was even more acute than A B C apprehension about final exams. No error D E 2.Apparently impressed with our plans, the founder awarded Carlos and I a grant to establish A B C a network of community centers throug
9、hout the city; No error D E 3.My colleague and myself received an award for our paper on the accuracy with which a A B C polygraph measures physiological processes. No error D E 4.The friendly competition between my older sister and I began as soon as we learned that our A B aunt had joked that she
10、might write a will leaving her house to me alone. No error C D E 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 逻辑主语考点1. 介词加名词形式Unlike the hollow body of an acoustic guitar, which acts as a sound box to project sound, the solid-body electric guitar
11、 is almost soundless without the aid of an amplification system. (Online Course 4-S10-8) (B) the hollow body that an acoustic guitar has, it acts (C) an acoustic guitar?s hollow body, acting (D) an acoustic guitar, whose hollow body acts (E) an acoustic guitar and its hollow body, acting Of all the
12、states represented at the conference, the governor of Missouri was the only one to present plans for enforcing the new regulations. (OGP740. 14)(B) making the governor from Missouri the only one to present (C) Missouri?s governor only presented(D) Missouri?s governor presented the only (E) Missouri
13、was the only one whose governor presented 2. Doingdoneto do等分词形式开头Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life in a small town could be. (OGP955.11)应改为 : I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away
14、to college Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (2006.10-S10-5, Level 3)应改为: dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens Speaking about her mete
15、oric rise from the mail room to the boardroom, the audience was captivated by the executive?sdescription of her long career. (2010.10-S10-13, Level 3 )应改为:the executive captivated the audience with her 3. 连词加分词等形式开头When thinking about which current television shows have the potential to become class
16、ics, only a few come to mind. (2008.10-S10-14, Level 5)应改为 :When one thinks about which current television shows have While living in New York City, the speed and convenience of the subway system was something I came to appreciate. (2010.10-S5-6, Level 1 )应改为 : I came to appreciate the speed and con
17、venience of the subway system 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 动词虚拟语气虚拟语气在 SAT 注意三句话：1，注意 if 和 as if 出现，思考是否是虚拟语气。2，如果是，注意虚拟语气的时态一致（过去，现在，将来）。3，学会 识别虚拟语气的省略倒装（改头换面，还原面目）if 条件从句主句与现在事实相反if+主语+ed/were 主语+would+V 原形与过去事实相反if+主语+had done
18、主语+would have done 与将来事实相反were to if+主语+ ed should+V 原形主语+would+V 原形After marching for four hours in temperatures exceeding ninety degrees, the band members were as soaked as if marching through a rainstorm 该选哪项 (D) if they had marched (E) if they would have marched At Versailles after the First Wor
19、ld War, the Allies believed they had drafted a treaty that would have ensured permanent peace. 该选哪一项 : (A) would have ensured permanent peace(B) would ensure permanent peace The bus would not have had to take(A) the long detour instead of(B) the main highway if the bridge did not become(C) treachero
20、us in the aftermath of(D) an ice storm. No error (E) 虚拟语气的倒装 : 如：Were I in your office，I wouldn,t do that（=if I were in your office- ）had I known about it，I would have told you（=if I had known about it-）Should anyone call ，I will/would tell you （=if anyone should call-）Were they to be told the purpo
21、se of the study, the participants might find it difficult to answer the questions spontaneously. 该选哪一项 : (A) Were they to be told (B) If they would have been told If there had been a power failure, the hospital will run on electricity from its own generators, which can operate for 200 hours. 该选哪一项 :
22、 (C) Had there been (D) Should there be 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 纠正 Run-on Sentence (流水句 ,又称溶合句或杂糅句 ) 1. 副词不能用于连接两个句子。常见易混淆副词如下: however, moreover, therefore, also, then, indeed, likewise, otherwise, consequently, finally, fur
23、thermore, as a result, in addition. 连接句子时 ,必须用分号或句号。例 Alice Guy Blach , an early filmmaker, introduced close-ups and double exposures, also she set cars on fire, used rats in special effects sequences, and ran film backward. (2007.5-S6-5, Level 2)应该选哪项: (B) exposures, and also she sets(C) exposures,
24、 she set (D) exposures ; she also set 例 The company maintains computer systems for small businesses, plus it will manage their payroll accounts. (2007.5-S6-6, Level 3)应该选哪项 : (B) businesses, in addition it will manage (C) businesses and manages (D) businesses, and, additionally, they also manage 2.
25、三个完整分句， 应有两个连词 。 平行分句除外 (svo, vo and vo/ svo, svo and svo) 例: Galileo was probably the first to discover Saturn?s rings, although his telescope was so small, he could not see the rings properly and assumed that they were satellites. (Online Course 4-S10-5)应该选哪项 : (A) although (B) but because (C) sin
26、ce 例: My grandfather never learned to use a calculator, as he shops he can accurately compute his grocery bill in his head to within a dollar .(OOC-S10-9)应该选哪项 : (B) while shopping (C) but as he shops (D) therefore, when shopping 3. 用改为 doing/done分词或改动标点的方法改正例 Small fish living among coral reefs fac
27、e constant danger, swimming in open water makes them prey to large fish, but hiding in crevices exposes them to eel attacks. (2009.10-S6-9, Level 3) (B) danger, their swimming (D) danger: swimming 例 The habitat in which(A) sequoia trees grow, extends(B) from southern Oregon to northern California, i
28、s kept(C) damp year-round by heavy(D) seasonal rains, cool coastal air and fog. No error (E) (2009.10-25, Level 4) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 例 Ancient documents wrote on(A) vellum, a form of fine parchment made of animal hides,
29、 must be stored under carefully(B) controlled conditions because changes in humidity(C) can be damaging(D). No Error(E) (2011.1-21, Level 2)例 I had never encountered such arrogance before, I did not know how to react. (2010.10-S10-11, Level 4)(B) I never encountered (C) Never had I encountered (D) N
30、ever having encountered 4. 将一个句子改为从句例: Ancient Greek and Roman literature is rich with folklore and popular beliefs, many elements of them have counterparts in modern legends. (2009.10-S10-11, L)应该选哪项 : (B) elements of which have counterparts in (C) elements of them, however, have counterparts in Ru
31、n-on sentence 纠正练习题 : By far the best-known work of poet Emma is the sonnet “New Colossus”, it was chosen to be the inscription for the pedestal for the State of Liberty in 1886. (A) it was chosen to be (B) choosing it to be (C) which they chose for (D) which was chosen for (E) they chose it as Begi
32、nning photographers may choose from among several camera types, there is one which is best for their particular interests. The answer is (A) there is one which is (B) of which there is one (C) one of which is (D) and one is (E) one is The 2003 Nobel Prize was awarded to Shirin Ebadi, an Iranian lawy
33、er, writer and teacher, she gained prominence as an advocate for democracy and human rights. (A) teacher, she gained (B) teacher, she had gained (C) teacher, gaining (D) teacher who gained (E) teacher having gained 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页 - - -
34、- - - - - - - 比较结构首先要注意是 同级比较 asas, 还是不同级比较 more than形式；其次比较双方必须有 可比性 ，即必须是同类比较1. A of B形式。题干中出现 A of B，那么答案就要出现具有that of /those of或类似这样的形式例: The responsibilities of a law student are as strenuous as a medical student. A. as a medical student B. as those of a medical student C. like a medical studen
35、t 2. 句中出现 like/unlike/similar to/ compared with形式,双方必须有可比性例: Unlike many poets who preceded her, Emily Dickinson did not find her inspiration in light verse. A. Unlike many poets who preceded her, Emily Dickinson B. Unlike the inspiration of many poets before her, Emily Dickinson C. Emily Dickinson?
36、s poetry, unlike many female poets who preceded her3. 比较结构中出现 助动词 。试着比较下面这两个句子：The man likes dogs more than his wife. The man likes dogs more than his wife does. (1)第一个主语后面没有宾语， 那么不会产生歧义， 可以省略助动词 ： I sing better than you. (2)第二部分 (than 后)比较的主语过长，经常会出现倒装，将助动词提前例: The paintings by the junior high stud
37、ents displayed more sophisticated color schemes than the elementary school students. A. schemes than the elementary school students B. schemes than did those by the elementary school students C. schemes as that which the elementary school students did 例: The primatologist has argued that sustained o
38、bservation of a few animals provides better data than does intermittent observation of many animals. (A) provides better data than does intermittent observation of many animals (B) provides better data than many animals are observed intermittently 例: The campus newspaper does not print as much world
39、 news as does my hometown; (A) as does my hometown (B) as does my hometown newspaper (C) compared to what my hometown does 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 平行结构平行结构指俩个或俩个以上的句法，功能相同的平行的词， 词组或句子， 需要在时态和语态上保持一致。平行结构连词的把握not only.but (als
40、o)，neithernor, either.or;whether .orbut ./ .Or / andrather than比较结构中的平行 : 比较（一般归类这一块）Than, As.as( 搭配，平行， adv), comparedwith(to) equal to,rather than,differ from 例句: 1In a recent year, more tourists from the United States visited museums in Great Britain than Canada. 2. The campus newspaper does not
41、print as much world news as does my hometown. 3Archaeologists say that the Pueblo village of Acoma, which is 7,500 feet above sea level and 400 feet above the valley floor, is the oldest continuously inhabited spot in the United States. 4. Some doctors believe that the types of injuries sustained in
42、 contact sports are no different for children than young adults. 平行结构中的省略与提前例: The revolt against Victorianism was perhaps even more marked in poetry than either fiction or drama. (A) either fiction or drama (C) either in fiction or drama (D) in either fiction or drama 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -