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1、机电专业英语机电专业英语目录目录Part one Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design Lesson 3 Engineering Materials Lesson 4 Basic Concepts in Mechanics Lesson 5 Hydraulics Lesson 6 Engineering Graphics Lesson 7 Mechanical Parts下一页目录目录 Lesson 8 Lathes and Lathe Operation
2、s Lesson 9 Metal Forming Lesson 10 The Welding and Welding Arc Lesson 11 Injection Molding MachinesPart two Lesson 12 Mechatronics Lesson 13 Microcontroller Overview Lesson 14 Introduction to PLC下一页上一页返回目录目录 Lesson 15 Industrial Robots Lesson 16 Pro/Engineer Lesson 17 Numerically Controlled Machine
3、Tools Lesson 18 Computer-Aided Process Planning Lesson 19 Flexible Manufacturing Systems Lesson 20 Virtual Manufacturing下一页上一页返回目录目录Part three Lesson 21 Solar Power Lesson 22 Wind Power (I) Lesson 23 Wind Power (II) Lesson 24 How to Write a Scientific Paper上一页返回Part oneLesson 1 The Evolution of Mech
4、anical EngineeringLesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine DesignLesson 3 Engineering MaterialsLesson 4 Basic Concepts in MechanicsLesson 5 HydraulicsLesson 6 Engineering GraphicsLesson 7 Mechanical Parts下一页Part oneLesson 8 Lathes and Lathe OperationsLesson 9 Metal FormingLesson 10 The Welding and Welding A
5、rcLesson 11 Injection Molding Machines上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical EngineeringSection Text Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics and chemistry for analysis，design，manufacturing and maintenance of various systems. Mecha
6、nical Engineering is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. It requires a solid understanding of core concepts including mechanics，kinematics，thermodynamics，fluid mechanics，and energy. Mechanical engineers use the core principles as well as other knowledge in the field to design and
7、 analyze manufacturing plants，industrial equipment and machinery，heating and cooling systems，motor vehicles，aircraft，watercraft，robots，medical devices and more.下一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering History and Development Applications of mechanical engineering are found in the record
8、s of many ancient and medieval societies throughout the globe. In ancient Greece，the works of Archimedes(287 BC一一212 BC) and Heron of Alexandria(10一一70 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition. In China，Zhang Heng(78一一139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer，and Ma J
9、un ( 200一一265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears.下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering During the years from the 7th to the 15th century，there were remarkable contributions from Arabians in the field of mechanical technology，A1 Jaziri，who was one of them，wrote his famo
10、us “Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices” in 1206 in which he presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices that now form the very basics of mechanisms，such as crank and cam shafts. 下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Eng
11、ineering During the early 19th century in England and Scotland，the development of machine tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering，providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them. The first British professional society of mechanical engineers
12、was formed in 1847，thirty years after civil engineers formed the first such professional society. In the United States，the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed in 1880，becoming the third such professional engineering society，after the American Society of Civil Engineers(1852)an
13、d the American Institute of Mining Engineers(1871).The first school in the United States to offer an engineering education was the United States Military Academy in 1817. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science.下一页上一页返回Lesson
14、1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering The field of mechanical engineering is considered among the broadest of engineering disciplines. The work of mechanical engineering ranges from the depths of the ocean to outer space. Modern Tools Many mechanical engineering companies，especially those in ind
15、ustrialized nations，have begun to incorporate computer-aided engineering(CAE)programs into their existing design and analysis processes，including 2D and 3D solid modeling computer-aided design(CAD).This method has many benefits，including easier and more exhaustive visualization of products，the abili
16、ty to create virtual assemblies of parts，and the ease of use in designing mating interfaces and tolerances. Other CAE programs commonly used by mechanical engineers include product lifecycle management(PLM)tools and analysis tools used to perform complex下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical E
17、ngineering simulations. Analysis tools may be used to predict product response to expected loads，including fatigue life and manufacturability. These tools include finite element analysis(FEA)，computational fluid dynamics(CFD)，and computer-aided manufacturing(CAM).下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Me
18、chanical Engineering As mechanical engineering begins to merge with other disciplines，as seen in mechatronics， multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is being used with other CAE programs to automate and improve the iterative design process. MDO tools wrap around existing CAE processes，allowing
19、 product evaluation to continue even after the analyst goes home for the day. They also utilize sophisticated optimization algorithms to more intelligently explore possible designs，often finding better，innovative solutions to difficult multidisciplinary design problems. 下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolutio
20、n of Mechanical EngineeringSection II New Words and Phrasesdisciplinemechanicskinematicsthermodynamicsfluid mechanicsmotor vehicleswatercraftrobotmedievalsocietyseismometerchariot下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineeringdifferentialgearchariot with differential gearsArabianingeniouspr
21、esentcrankcamshaftprovidemanufactureprofessional societycivil engineerexhaustivevisualization下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineeringvirtualmating interfacestolerancesfatiguefatigue lifesimulationresponsemanufacturabilityproduct lifecycle managementfinitefinite element analysis (FEA)
22、computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM)merge下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineeringmechatronicsmultidisciplinaryoptimizationmultidisciplinary design optimization (MDO)computational fluid dynamics (CFD)iterativeevaluationsophisticatedwrapalgorithminovativeintelligent下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The
23、Evolution of Mechanical EngineeringSection III Notes to Complex Sentences1He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices that now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and cam shafts. 他还被认为是很多机械的发明者，这些机械演变成当今最基本的他还被认为是很多机械的发明者，这些机械演变成当今最基本的机构，如曲轴和凸轮轴。机构，如曲轴和凸轮轴。 that
24、now form the very basic of是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰devices.下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering2the development of machine tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering，providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them. 机器工具的发展导致机械工程从其他工程领
25、域分离出来，专门提机器工具的发展导致机械工程从其他工程领域分离出来，专门提供机器和发动机制造。供机器和发动机制造。3The field of mechanical engineering is considered among the broadest of engineering disciplines. 机械工程被认为是范围最广的学科之一。机械工程被认为是范围最广的学科之一。4The work of mechanical engineering ranges from the depths of the ocean to outer space. 机械工程所涉及的领域遍及深海至外层空间机械
26、工程所涉及的领域遍及深海至外层空间下一页上一页返回Lesson 1 The Evolution of Mechanical Engineering5MDO tools wrap around existing CAE processes，allowing product evaluation to continue even after the analyst goes home for the day. MDO工具结合已有的工具结合已有的CAE程序，能够让产品评估过程不间断进程序，能够让产品评估过程不间断进行，即使分析员下班回家。行，即使分析员下班回家。6They also utilize
27、sophisticated optimization algorithms to more intelligently explore possible designs 它们还应用复杂的优化算法来寻求可能的设计方案它们还应用复杂的优化算法来寻求可能的设计方案上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine DesignSection Text Design is essentially a decision-making process. If we have a problem，we need to design a solution. In other words
28、，to design is to formulate a plan to satisfy a particular need and to create something with a physical reality. A bad decision leads to a bad design and a bad product. There are many factors to be considered while attacking a design problem. In many cases this is a common sense approach to solving a
29、 problem. Some of these factors are as follows.下一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design What device or mechanism to be used一一This is best judged by understanding the problem thoroughly. Sometimes a particular function can be achieved by a number of means or by using different mechanisms and the
30、designer has to decide which one is the most effective under the circumstances. Material一一This is a very important aspect of any design. A wrong choice of material may lead to failure，over or undersized product or expensive items. The choice of materials is thus dependent on suitable properties of t
31、he material for each component，their suitability of fabrication or manufacture and the cost.下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design Load一一The external loads cause internal stresses in the elements and these stresses must be determined accurately since these will be used in determining the co
32、mponent size. Size，shape，space requirements and weight一一Preliminary analysis would give an approximate size. But if a standard element is to be chosen，the next larger size must be taken. Shapes of standard elements are known but for non-standard element，shapes and space requirements must depend on a
33、vailable space in a particular machine assembly. A scale layout drawing is often useful to arrive at an initial shape and size. Weight is important depending on application. Manufacture一一Care must always be taken to ensure that the designed elements may be manufactured with ease within the available
34、 facilities and at low cost.下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design How will it operate一一In the final stage of the design，a designer must ensure that the machine may be operated with ease. In many power operated machines，it is simply a matter of pressing a knob or switch to start the machine
35、. However in many other cases，a sequence of operations is to be specified. This sequence must not be complicated and the operations should not require excessive force.下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design Reliability and safety一一Reliability is an important factor in machine should work eff
36、ectively and reliably. The probability will not fail in use is called reliability. Reliability lies between 0R1. To ensure this every detail should be examined. Possible overloading，wear of elements，excessive heat generation and other such detrimental factors must be avoided. There is no single answ
37、er for this but an overall safe design approach and care at every stage of design would result in a reliable machine. Safety has become a matter of paramount importance these days in design. Machines must be designed to serve mankind，not to harm it. Industrial regulations ensure that the manufacture
38、r is liable for any damage or harm arising out of a defective product. 下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design Maintenance, cost and aesthetics Maintenance and safety are often interlinked. Good maintenance ensures good running condition of machinery. Often a regular maintenance schedule is
39、maintained and a thorough check up of moving and loaded parts is carried out to avoid catastrophic failures. Low friction and wear is maintained by proper lubrication. This is a major aspect of design since wherever there are moving parts，friction and wear are inevitable. High friction leads to incr
40、eased loss of energy. Wear of machine parts leads to loss of material and premature failure.下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design Cost and aesthetics are essential considerations to the choice of materials which in turn depends on Although in many cases aesthetic considerations are product
41、 design. Cost is essentially related stresses developed in a given condition. not essential aspects of machine design，ergonomic aspects must be taken into considerations.Section II New Words and Phrasesdecision-makingformulatethoroughlycircumstanceundersized下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine D
42、esigncomponentexternalinternalstressapproximatestandard elementscalescale layout drawingcommon sense approachwith easefacilityknob下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Designsequenceexcessivereliabilityprobabilityoverloadingexcessive heatpreliminaryassemblyparamountdetrimentalindustrial regulatio
43、ns下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Designliabledefectiveaestheticsmaintenancecatastrophicfriction and wearlubricationcheck upinevitableprematureergonomics下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine DesignSection III Notes to Complex Sentences1In many cases this is a common sense approach to sol
44、ving a problem.许多场合下，通过常识就可解决问题许多场合下，通过常识就可解决问题2A wrong choice of material may lead to failure，over or undersized product or expensive items.选材错误会导致产品失败、尺寸过大或过小及成本过高。选材错误会导致产品失败、尺寸过大或过小及成本过高。3But if a standard element is to be chosen，the next larger size must be taken. 如果选用标准件，就要取稍大一点的尺寸。如果选用标准件，就要取
45、稍大一点的尺寸。4A scale layout drawing is often useful to arrive at an initial shape and size. 按比例画出一张布置图往往对形成初步的形状和尺寸很有帮助。按比例画出一张布置图往往对形成初步的形状和尺寸很有帮助。下一页上一页返回Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Machine Design5it is simply a matter of pressing a knob or switch to start the machine. 只不过是按一下旋钮开机那么简单的事情只不过是按一下旋钮开机那么简单的事
46、情6Industrial regulations ensure that the manufacturer is liable for any damage or harm arising out of a defective product. 工业法规确保制造商对有缺陷产品造成的任何损害和伤害负责工业法规确保制造商对有缺陷产品造成的任何损害和伤害负责7Cost is essentially related to the choice of materials which in turn depends on the stresses developed in a given conditio
47、n. 成本最终取决于材料的选择，而材料的选择又取决于给定条件下成本最终取决于材料的选择，而材料的选择又取决于给定条件下的应力状况的应力状况上一页返回Lesson3 Engineering MaterialsSection Text Introduction Common engineering materials are normally classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals may conveniently be divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Important ferrous met
48、als for the present purpose are (i)Cast iron. (ii) Wrought iron. (iii)Steel.下一页返回Lesson3 Engineering MaterialsSome of the important non-ferrous metals used in engineering design are(i) Light metal group such as aluminium and its alloys.(ii) Copper based alloys such as brass (Cu-Zn)，bronze (Cu-Sn).(i
49、ii) White metal group such as nickel，silver，zinc，etc.Ferrous Materials Cast iron: It is an alloy of iron，carbon and silicon and it is hard and brittle. Carbon content may be within 1 .7 % to 3%and carbon may be present as free carbon or iron carbide Fe3 C. Wrought iron: This is a very pure iron wher
50、e the iron content is of the order of 99.5 % .It is produced by re-melting pig iron and some small amount of silicon，sulphur，or phosphorus may be present. 下一页上一页返回Lesson3 Engineering Materials It is tough，malleable and ductile and can easily be forged or welded. It cannot however take sudden shock.