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1、语法填空 解题技巧02 重难点及拓展备考03 题型介绍011语法填空的10个空全面考查学生的句法知识、语法知识、词汇运用能力，对学生的综合语言运用能力提出了较高的要求。仔细研究10个空的设空分类与设空规律，将大大提高学生的解题正确率。语法填空题命题特点如下：一、材料大多选用语篇式或对话式，讲述一个故事，说明一个道理，语篇长度为200词左右，内容浅显易懂，句子结构简单，几乎没有生词。二、试题设置10个空格，从词法和句法两个方面考查语法知识。主要考查考纲语法项目中的冠词、代词、名词、动词、介词、形容词、副词、时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等，重点考查动词、代词和从句。试题除
2、了考查语法基础知识外，暗含对阅读理解能力的考查。三、题型设置分两种类型。提示性填空题。用括号内单词的正确形式填空；纯空格填空题。要求考生根据语意、上下文的连贯性和行文逻辑，填入适当的词。题型介绍Something significant is happening to the world population it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 _1_ (be) 30 today it is 41 and is expected _2_ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, th
3、e _3_ (number) are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.This aging of the population is driven _4_ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large _5_ (compare
4、) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _6_ (old) than before. This is _7_ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has _8_ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.Peopl
5、e tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should _9_ (place) on longevity (长寿). It isnt just that people are, on average, living longer. Its also that they are on average healthier _10_ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general
6、 be a boost to the economy. 2题型介绍wasto increasenumbersbycomparedolderparticularlyabe placedand1第一类：有提示词语法填空解题时，先根据句子语法判断空格所填词的词性，当词性有变化时，运用词缀，正确拼写派生词；如果词性没有变化，那么，当词性为：1.名词时，注意名词的单复数形式以及所有格形式；2.动词时，注意谓语动词的时态语态或非谓语动词的形式；3.形容词或副词时，注意该形容词或副词比较级、最高级形式；4.代词时，注意代词的单复数以及该人称的主格、宾格、反身代词还是物主代词形式。解题技巧【例1】 Rose
7、applies for _ (admit) to a particular institute that she may have a chance of achieving her academic goals.【例2】Her nervousness quickly _ (disappear) once she was on stage.【例3】 Generally speaking, the _（expensive） the car is, the better its quality will be.【例4】She devotes _（she） to her teaching caree
8、r.2more expensiveherselfadmissiondisappeared解题技巧3第二类：无提示词语法填空解题时，要先确定空格所填词的词性，这些词性有可能是：1.冠词、限定词2.介词3.代词4.连词、关系词5.特殊句式功能词6.语意词解题技巧【例1】It is unforgettable for me to see the huge coca cola billboard shown on _ unnamed long and narrow street.【例2】 Most people work because its unavoidable. _ contrast, the
9、re are some people who actually enjoy work.【例3】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _ everyday.【例4】Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.【例5】_ was in 1996 that Song quit h
10、is job as a professor.【例6】 Some work experience would be helpful. _, This one is not necessary.4itByHoweveranwhereIt解题技巧1重难点之谓语动词动词的时态语态解题思路：第一步：判定是否填谓语动词。方法：分析句子成分，判断是否缺少谓语动词。第二步：判断谓语动词的时态。方法：找时间状语，或从上下文其他动词时态推断。第三步：判断主被动关系。方法：分析谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系是主动还是被动。第四步：主谓一致。方法：分析句子主语是单数还是复数。例【例1】 The first practica
11、l cooling system for use in industry _(invent) by Willis Carrier in New York，the USA.【解题思路】 第一步：分析句子中缺少谓语动词，因此空格应该填谓语动词第二步：判断时态，从the first推断应该是一般过去时。第三步：判断主动被动，主语cooling system和invent之间是被动关系，从后面的by Willis Carrier也可知。第四步：主谓一致，主语为 the first practical cooling system为单数。所以答案应该为was invented. 【例2】When Dai
12、sy turned around, she found that she_(watch) by an elephant.【解题思路】 第一步：分析句子中缺少谓语动词，因此空格应该填谓语动词。第二步：判断时态，根据句意判断转身的那一刻发现正在被大象看着，所以用过去进行时。第三步：判断主动被动，主语she和watch之间是被动关系，从后面的by an elephant也可知。第四步：主谓一致，主语为 she为第三人称单数。所以答案应该为was being watched.练It was getting dark when I _1_(get) home. It was cold and I _2_
13、(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I _3_(can) not find it. I suddenly remembered that I _4_(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I knew my wife _5_(be) at home and the children must have come back from scho
14、ol by now, so I _6_(knock) at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy _7_(tell) me at noon. He said that my wife _8_(phone) saying that she _9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with
15、 the children. There _10_(be) only one thing for me to do：I had to climb in through a window.gotwas wearingcouldhad leftwasknockedhad toldhad phonedwould gowas2重难点之非谓语动词非谓语动词的解题思路：第一步：判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：分析句子，判断是否已有谓语动词了。第二步：找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。第三步：判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动还是被动关系。第四步：判断时间关
16、系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.例【例1】Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.【解题思路】 非谓语动词的解题思路：第一步：分析句子已有谓语动词“took on”, 空格填非谓语，且与suffering from并列，做介词after的宾语。第二步：由短语reduce sb./sth. to sth. (使情况变糟糕)，
17、 可知reduce 与逻辑主语 city为被动关系。第三步：应填入being reduced.该句考查非谓语动词做宾语。 【例2】(2014 浙江， 14) )Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint) to guard her.【解题思路】 第一步：分析句子已有谓语动词“is attened”, 空格处填非谓语。第二步：appoint 与逻辑主语 nurse为被动关系，且为后置定语修饰nurse。第三步：应填入appointed.该句考查非谓语动词做定语。练Freud
18、was one of the first scientists _1_（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities_2_（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams _3_（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems.
19、 He also tried hypnosis. He wanted to see if _4_（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease _5_（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved _6_ (sit) with his patients and _7_（listen）to
20、 them talk. He had them _8_（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to _9_（express）. There could be no_10_（hold）back because of fear or guilt.to makebasedto searchputtingtroubledsittinglisteningtalkbe expressedholding2重难点之定语从句、名词性从句定语从句解题三
21、步法：第一步：确认从句中的主语和宾语是否都在；第二步：确认从句中先行词是否应写成空格后的名词的所有格形式；第三步：确认先行词的中文意思。 名词性从句解题三步走：第一步：分析从句中的主语和宾语（含动宾和介宾）和表语：第二步：分析从句中是否缺定语或状语；第三步：从句中不缺少成分时，加入“是否”翻译句子，分析句意是否通顺； +1步：当按上诉步骤，得出引导词为who，what，when，where，how，which时，思考从句是否含有条件意味，例【例1】After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide
22、what to do.【例1】where【解题思路】从句从空格到最后，主从句没有“，”分开，修饰名词career，因此从句为限制性定语从句。第一步：分析从句中主语和宾语，都没有缺少，主语为she，宾语为what to do；第二步：先行词在从句中不应以空格后名词的所有格形式出现；第三步：先行词为career，是一个抽象地点名词，所以关系词填where。【例2】When aging, people tend to recall the golden old days _ they spent playing with their friends.【例2】that【解题思路】从句从空格到最后，主从
23、句没有“，”分开，修饰名词days，因此从句为限制性定语从句。第一步：分析从句中主语和宾语，缺少spent宾语，所以关系词填that。（因为先行词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，所以关系词可以填that/which/省略都可以）例【例3】America was _ was first called “India” by Columbus.【例3】what【解题思路】从句从空格到最后，在系动词was后面，是名词性从句中的表语从句。也可通过不符合非限制性定语从句要求（第二步：主从句没有“，”分开），也不符合限制性定语从句要求（第三步：前有名词，且对名词起修饰作用）来确定是名词性从句。第一步：分析从句中的
24、主语、宾语和表语，发现缺少主语，所以应填what（物）。+1步：该从句不含条件意味，应该是指具体被叫做“印度”的地方，所以是what，而不是whatever。【例4】He made a promise _ whoever can solve this troublesome problem would be rewarded with his beautiful princess .【例4】 that【解题思路】从句从空格到最后，在名词promise后，对名词promise做解释说明作用，是名词性从句中的同位语从句。也可通过不符合非限制性定语从句要求（第二步：主从句没有“，”分开），也不符合限
25、制性定语从句要求（第三步：前有名词，且对名词起修饰作用）来确定是名词性从句。第一步：分析从句中的主语、宾语和表语，发现主、宾、表都不缺，主语为whoever can solve this troublesome problem，宾语为介词with后 his beautiful princess；第二步：分析从句中是否缺定语或状语，发现无论加入哪一种定语或状语的中文意思进行翻译，句意都不通顺；那么第三步：从句中应该不缺少成分。翻译句子，加入“是否”句意不通顺，所以填that。练Part of being a good supporter is supporting my neighbors _1
26、_ maybe dont have the same privilege _2_ I do, Pien told Readers Digest. So far, she has given away about $400 to her neighbors and expects more to come. Pien was inspired to action by her friend Jonah. She started on Facebook but quickly realized _3_ many of her Facebook friends were people she gre
27、w up with and former classmates who already had resources. So she posted on Nextdoor, _4_ her neighbors are her network, many of _5_ are people who dont get a regular paycheck or have much money. Many people are contract workers or work in restaurants, _6_ hours have been cut, she said. _7_ this cri
28、sis unfolds, she wanted to share something. _8_ response I saw to this coronavirus was my wealth advisor emailing me to reach out about my stock (股票) performance. I think thats completely wrong. Rich people like me shouldnt be worrying about their wealth at this point _9_they should be thinking about is that they can be united with poor and working-class people, and _10_ they can afford medical care, or feed their families.” that/whoasthatwherewhomwhoseAsWhatwhatwhetherTHANKS