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1、被动语态一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.across, through 穿过across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。 eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。2.ill，sick“ 生病的 ” 。ill 只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed. sick 既可作表语eg: Her mo
2、ther was sick in bed. 也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 若 ill 作定语，译为 “ 坏的，恶劣的 ”eg: an ill person 一个坏人sick 作表语时也常译为“ 恶心的，想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car. 【固定搭配】动词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词 + 介词make room for 给.腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on
3、戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: We can t play a joke on law. speak highly of 称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service .say good bye to告别；告辞eg: I dont want to say good bye to them. take an active part in 积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of 照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take car
4、e of my plants while Im on vacation? 【被动语态】（一）语态： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如： Many people speak Chinese. 谓语： speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如： Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由 “ 助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成。 人称、
5、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时： amisarespoken 一般过去时： waswerespoken 一般将来时： willshall bespoken 现在进行时： amisare beingspoken 过去进行时： was/were beingspoken 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 现在完成时： havehas beenspoken 过去完成时
6、： had been + spoken （三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished
7、 on time. 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语 变为被动语态的主语 。（2）把谓语 变成被动结构（ be过去分词 ） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the
8、 factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. （五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“ 情态动词 be过去分词 ” 构成We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. （六）特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The b
9、oy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother. 3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. （ 1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. （ 2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It
10、 is( was) agreed( believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）. It is( was) well known that .众所周知It is( was) taken for granted that .被视为当然It must be remembered that .务必记住 . It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记 . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 -
11、- - - - - - - - - It is( was) said( reported，heard，told，suggested ) that.据说 (报道、听说、告知、建议.) 二、典型例题（）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d （）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will
12、 give D has given （）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught （）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards （）5. Us
13、ually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used （）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned （）7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一 YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and t
14、he factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute （）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护 )the earth since Earth Day. A. is started B. was started C. has started （）9
15、. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations! A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen （） 10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year ， and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted （）11.Some famous paintings _in the hal
16、l next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown （）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives （）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have b
17、een _ these days. A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up （）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - （）15. Do you often clean your classroo
18、m? Yes, our classroom _ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、课后练习（）1 Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. I m sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. don t tellB. didn t tellC. haven t toldD. wasn t told（）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large gr
19、een area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down （）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped （）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invited B. wasn t invitedC. haven t
20、invitedD. didn t invite（）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold （）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝 ) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （）7The Thousand- han
21、d Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards （）8 Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted （）9-Don t li
22、tter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbishinto the dustbin.”-Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D, must be thrown （）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold （）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
23、 （）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - （）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _
24、 in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build （）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took （）15. -It s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the rive
25、r. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned （）17. Usually John to school
26、in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken （）18. Don t put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done （）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great! -Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago. A. w
27、as building B. was built C. has built D. is built （）20. Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 典型例题一般现在时1A 。解析 考查被动语态，根据句意，
28、“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、 C、D。2答案 B。解析 本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承受者。 “在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案 D。解析 考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案 A 。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案 C 。解析 从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。6. 答案 C。解析 考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语
29、态。一般过去时1答案 B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案 B。 解析 从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知， “地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选 B。3. We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市 A. divided B. are divided C. were divided 3答案 C。解析 本题主要考查
30、被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句We did many things ”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C 5D 一般将来过去1答案 D。解析 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D 项正确。2B 答案B答案： D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为 C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案 D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我
31、不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和 tell 之间是被动关系。2答案 B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。3答案 A 解析：由Let s go to the Lost & Found. 可知，说明表丢失了。故选4答案 B 解析：由 Did you go to Sam s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和 invite 之间存在着被动关系。故选B。5答案C 解析： How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“ 多长时间一次 ” 。 往往针
32、对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes. 等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。6答案 D 解析：由On May 30th, , 可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl 与 sell 存在被动关系。7答案 A 解析：依据题意：“ 千手观音 ” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousan
33、d- hand Guanyin ，要用被动语态。故选A。8答案 C 解析： they 指代 Those eggs of different colors ，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。9答案 D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“ 命令 ” ，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10答案 B 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008 可知是将来时，运动会应该是“ 被举行 ” ，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+ 过去分词。11 选 B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard 后用省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号t
34、o 需补上。由关键信息was often heard 可直接断定正确答案为B。12 选 A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term 可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C 二项；精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 另结合题意 “ 据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造” 可知要用被动语态，故舍D 选 A。13 选 A 14 选 B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C 二项；另
35、根据题意“ 那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院” 可知要用被动语态，故舍D 选 B。15 选 D 16 选 C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“ 如果没有人看电视就关掉它” 可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知 “ （电视）已经关掉了” ，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为 C。17 选 C 18 选 D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“ 今天的工作必须在今天被做完” 可知本题要用被动语态，先排除 A、B 二项；结合题意可舍C 选 D。19 选 B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years a
36、go 可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D 二项；另结合题意“ 它（古老的宫殿）在近800 年前被建造的 ” 可舍 A 选 B。20 选 B 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -