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1、 分类号 : _ 学校代码： 10165 密级： _ 学 号： 201211000607 试论盖茨比的悲剧性结局 一从亚里士多德的悲剧理论解读了不起的盖茨比 On the Tragic End of Gatsby :An Interpretation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotle Theory of Tragedy 作 者 姓 名 学 科 、 专 业 研 究 方 向 导师姓名 : _ 周璇 英 语 语 言 文学 英 美 文 学 宁平 2015 年 5 月 硕 士 学 位 论 文 On the Tragic End o
2、f Gatsby :An Interpretation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotles Theory of Tragedy Zhou Xuan A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS School of Foreign Languages LIAONING NORMAL UNIVERSITY 2015 学位论文独创性声明 本人承诺：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下所取
3、得的研究成果。论文中除特 别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含他人和其他机构已经撰写或发表过的研究成果，其 他同志的研究成果对本人的启示和所提供的帮助，均已在论文中做了明确的声明并表示 谢意。 学位论文作者签名 : 学位论文版权的使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解辽宁师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，及学校有 权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交复印件或磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本文授权 辽宁师范大学，可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库并进行检索，可以采 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文，并且本人电子文挡的内容和纸质 论文的内容相一致。 保密的学位论文在解密后使用本授权书
4、。 学位论文作者签名： _ )fl 後 指导教师签名 : 签名日期： 年 月日 辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 弗朗西斯 斯科特 菲茨杰拉德是美国文学史上最负盛名的作家之一， 1925 年他发 表了了不起的盖茨比这一堪称其里程碑式的杰作。小说描述了主人公盖茨比对旧恋 人黛西的执着追求以及对美国梦的不懈追寻，最终在希望与幻灭中迷失的悲剧故事。该 书自发表以来，得到国内外学者的广泛关注。他们普遍从美国梦破灭、作家的写作技巧、 象征主义批评等方面对小说进行研宄，鲜有运用亚里士多德悲剧理论对其进行解读。 亚里士多德悲剧理论系统阐释了悲剧的定义及悲剧的要素，而悲剧情节和悲剧性格 是该理论的核心部分。基
5、于盖茨比的悲剧性结局与亚里士多德悲剧理论有诸多契合点， 因此，本文试图运用亚里士多德关于悲剧的相关理论探讨盖茨比的悲剧性结局。 本论文分为六章。 第一章简要介绍了弗朗西斯 斯科特 菲 茨杰拉德的生平、文学创作历程；概括了 了不起的盖茨比的创作背景、内容及其主题；阐明了本文的创新性和研究意义。 第二章综述国内外学者对了不起的盖茨比的评价与研宄，把握研究现状，为本 论文的论证提供理论支撑。 第三章是理论基础。探讨了亚里士多德的悲剧理论，将其悲剧理论的定义、情节、 人物性格方面的内容与盖茨的悲剧性结局进行关联研宄，突出理论的应用性和人物盖茨 比结局的悲剧性。 第四章对了不起的盖茨比的悲剧情节进行讨论
6、。从开端、发展、结局三个阶段 展现情节的统一性，并从命运逆转、获得认知、苦难场面的情节布局探求盖茨比人生的 悲剧性结局。 第五章对盖茨比的悲剧性格进行讨论。一方面从他的幻觉与现实、他与社会的隔离、 他的天真与世故探宄盖茨比性格的矛盾与冲突，另一方面探讨其悲剧性格中的优点与缺 陷。使其悲剧人物的性格更具鲜活性，从而更好的体现盖茨比性格的悲剧性。 第六章总结本论文。盖茨比的悲剧人生诠释了若人们把梦想建立在自我幻想或者脱 离现实的基础上，那么其将注定无法实现。同时盖茨比的悲剧不是其个人悲剧，而是时 代乃至全社会的悲剧。盖茨比的悲剧性结局对我们 仍具有教育意义和启迪作用，鞭策我 们要有脚踏实地的态度，
7、并靠自身的辛勤劳动来实现自己的梦想。 关键 i 司：菲茨杰拉德；了不起的盖茨比；悲剧性结局；悲剧理论 On the Tragic End of Gatsby: An Interpretation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotle Theory of Tragedy On the Tragic End of Gatsby ： An Interpretation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotles Theory of Tragedy Abstract
8、Francis Scott Fitzgerald was nominated as one of the most outstanding writers in American literature history. The Great Gatsby (1925) about Jazz Age is his landmark masterpiece. The tragedy portrays the hero Gatsby who makes every effort to win his ex-lover Daisys love and pursue his American dream，
9、 but get lost in the world of hope and illusion. It has aroused extensive attention since it was published. They mainly concentrated on the broken of the American Dream, Fitzgerald writing techniques, symbolism criticism etc. There are seldom studies which interpret The Great Gatsby from the perspec
10、tive of Aristotle theory of tragedy. The plot of tragedy and the character of tragedy are the core of Aristotle theory of tragedy. There are many conjunction points between the tragedy of Gatsby and Aristotle theory of tragedy. So this thesis is aiming to discuss the tragic end of Gatsby on the basi
11、s of the two elements. This thesis is consisted of 6 chapters. Chapter one simply introduces Fitzgeralds literary lifetime and creating process, and generalizes creation background, brief content and themes of The Great Gatsby. The creativity and significance of this thesis is also illustrated in th
12、is part. Chapter two is the literature review part. Through the evaluation and research of the literature review abroad and literature review at home on The Great Gatsby to grasp the research status. The literature review can also be used to provide theoretical support for the arguments of this thes
13、is. Chapter three is the theoretical foundationAristotles theory of tragedy. Connect Aristotle definition of tragedy and elements of tragedy including plot and character with The Great Gatsby to reveal the applicability of Aristotle theory and the tragic end of Gatsby. Chapter four discusses the tra
14、gic plots in The Great Gatsby. The thesis presents the unity of plots from the beginning, the middle and the ending; meanwhile it explores the tragic end of Gatsby from the layout of tragedy: reversal, recognition and scene of suffering. Chapter five discusses the tragic character of Gatsby. On one
15、hand, it explores the contradictory and conflicts in Gatsby9s character from the aspects of his illusion and the reality, his alienated from society, and his innocence and the sophistication. On the other hand, it focuses on his merits and demerits to make the character of Gatsby vivid and have a be
16、tter reflection of Gatsbys tragic character. 辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文 Chapter six concludes the whole thesis. The tragedy of Gatsby illustrates that if the realization of dream is based on fantasy or out of reality is doomed to fail. Gatsby9s tragedy is not only his own tragedy but the tragedy of the era even o
17、f the whole society. The tragic end of Gatsby still has educational significance and edificatory function for us. It can be a spur for us to have a down-to-earth attitude and make our dreams come true by the way of working hard. Key Words: Fitzgerald; The Great Gatsby; Tragic End； Theory of Tragedy
18、On the Tragic End of Gatsby: An Interpretation of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotle Theory of Tragedy Table of Contents W . i Abstract . II 1 Introduction .- 1 - 1.1 F . Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby .- 1 - 1.2 The Creativity and Significance of the Thesis . -3- 2 Literature
19、 Review .- 4 - 2.1 Literature Review Abroad .- 4 - 2.2 Literature Review at Home . -7- 3 Theoretical Foundation . -11 - 3.1 Aristotles Definition on Tragedy . - 11- 3.2 The View of Plot . - 14- 3.3 The View of Character . - 16- 4 Plots in The Great Gatsby . - 18- 4.1 The Plots and the Tragedy . - 18
20、 - 4.1.1 The BeginningRoot of Tragedy . - 18- 4.1.2 The MiddleDevelopment of Tragedy . - 20 - 4.1.3 . The EndingMisfortune . -22 - 4.2 The Complex in the Plots . - 23 - 4.2.1 ReversalThe Confrontation in Plaza Hotel . - 23 - 4.2.2 RecognitionGatsbys Role as a Scapegoat . - 25 - 4.2.3 The Scene of Su
21、fferingGatsbys Death . - 26 - 5 Gatsby?s Character in The Great Gatsby . - 28 - 5.1 The Conflicts in the Character of Gatsby . - 28 - 5.1.1 His Illusion and the Reality . - 28- 5.1.2 His Alienation from the Society . - 30 - 5.1.3 His Innocence and the Sophistication . - 31- 5.2 Gatsby9s Merits and D
22、emerits . - 32 - 5.2.1 Gatsbys Merits . - 32 - 5.2.2 Gatsbys Demerits . - 33 - 6 Conclusion . - 36 - References . - 39 - Acknowledgements . - 42 - 1 Introduction 辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文 F . Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most famous American writers who has experienced a series of ups and downs in his life. T
23、he publication of his The Great Gatsby brought him unprecedented success and high prestige. The introduction simply introduces the literary life and creating process of Fitzgerald, and presents the creating background, content and themes of The Great Gatsby. The creativity and significance of this t
24、hesis is also generalized in this chapter. 1.1 F . Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald was the most well-known writer of the 1920s America, an era that was called uthe Jazz Age. He was the spokesman of the Jazz Age who perfectly represented the prosperity and elegy of the Jazz Age. Fitz
25、gerald was also regarded as a member of the uLost Generation” of the 1920s, and as famous as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner in American literature. He completed four novels in total in his short life, and The Great Gatsby was the most striking one which earned great popularity for him. The ot
26、her three novels are The Beautiful and Damnedf This Side of Paradise and Tender Is the Night. Fitzgerald has a selection of autobiographical pieces named The Crack-Up. F.S. Fitzgerald also shows great talent in writing short stories with the themes of promise, hope, depression and time. Fitzgerald h
27、as won a great fame after his death, thus his works have been adapted into films for many times. Fitzgerald has a huge influence on the following generations, because many of his works not only interpret them but also guide them like a guiding star in real life or in literary sense. Fitzgerald was b
28、orn in a middle-class family in Minnesota, and he spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York. He went to a Boarding School in New Jersey in the year of 1911, and he met Father Sigourney Fay who noticed his talent in writing and encouraged him to pursue his ambitions in li
29、terature. After the graduation from the school in 1913, he managed to stay in New Jersey to continue his artistic development at Princeton University. During his study in Princeton University, Fitzgerald became a distinctive literary activist and also played a leading role in a Triangle Club. Howeve
30、r, he failed to balance his schoolwork at university and his writing pursuits. In the year of 1917, Fitzgerald decided to leave the university and join the Army to escape from his embarrassing situation. Fitzgerald served in the Camp Sheridan of Montgomery, Alabama. During the period of his army lif
31、e, one of the most important things happened to him at a local country club that he met Zelda Sayre and fell in love with her at the first sight. The scene of their encounter is just similar as the way that Gatsby met Daisy. Zelda was the daughter of the judge in Montgomery. The ublond girl Zelda wa
32、s beautiful, charming and sociable. She told Fitzgerald that she loved him so much but he was unable to provide a better life for her. After he finished his service in the army at the beginning of 1918, he went to New York for earning more money to satisfy On the Tragic End of Gatsby-An Interpretati
33、on of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Aristotle Theory of Tragedy Zeldas needs and persuade Zelda to get marry to him by the way of writing commercial advertisements. To his disappointment, Zelda broke their engagement with no hesitation. After rewriting his novel day and night for a long p
34、eriod, what surprised Fitzgerald was the unexpected popularity of his work This Side of Paradise which brought him instant fame and success overnight. Because of the wide spread of this successful novel, Fitzgerald won Zelda9s heart finally. Zelda changed her mind and made her decision to marry Fitz
35、gerald immediately. They resumed their engagement, and Fitzgerald began his life of making money to support his wifes needs. Their traumatic relationship and subsequent breakdowns affected his writing tremendously. The year of 1925 brought him the greatest success on account of publishing the The Gr
36、eat Gatsby, but this didn bring him great fortune or popularity until after his death. He had to spend most of his time writing his literary works as soon as possible to catch up with Zelda9s pace of spending. Fitzgerald often argued with his wife bitterly about her pendulous ambition to be a ballet
37、-dancer or a writer, so Fitzgerald life was not always happy although he succeeded to live with his beloved woman. Under the shadow of Fitzgerald9 literary talent, Zelda broke down emotionally and mentally. Before long her mental condition was so bad and serious that she had to be put into a mental
38、asylum. Owing to this lifestyle, as well as the expense of Zeldas medical care, Fitzgerald was in constant financial crisis and often be forced to borrow money from others. Then he completed his next novel, Tender is the Night (1934) in 1930s. Critics who had looked forward to in a long period the f
39、ollow-up to The Great Gatsby had divided ideas about the novel, and a number of them thought that Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations. Fitzgerald chronic alcoholism and continuous financial difficulties, in addition to his wifes mental illness, all these sufferings drove Fitzgerald to desperation. He made two unsuccessfully suicides. He was hospitalized nine ti