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1、2022年八年级上册英语语法整理 (人教版) Unit 1 How often do you exercise Grammar: 特别疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。 特别疑问句的构成及用法： 1.结构：特别疑问词+ 一般疑问句，即：特别疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他) 疑问代词： 1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree 2)Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to 3) W
2、hose 谁的，用来指所属关系，假如做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this 4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在肯定范围之内进行选择 Which girls will be in the sports meeting Which pen is Lilys 5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的状况下 What can you see in the picture What are you doing now 疑问副词： 1)When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back 2)Where何地，询问地点， Where do
3、 you come from 3)Why为什么，询问缘由， Why are you late for school 4)How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school 5)How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jims little brother 6)How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree 7)How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school 8)How long多长，多久，询问时间
4、的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing 9)How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents 10How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back 频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, hardly ever,sometimes, often, usually, always. Unit 2 Whats the matter with you Grammar: 1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a
5、+疾病名字;得了病 2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的改变，后接动词原形. Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时 表示将要做某事或安排准备做某事要用到句型be+doing其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的改变。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的将来预定要做的事情，一般指个人安排要做的事。用于此状况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leav
6、e, start, arrive, move等。 一.确定句中，结构为be+doing. I am going shopping this afternoon. 二.否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon. 三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoonYes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent. 四.特别疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句语序。 What are you doing for vacation When is he goi
7、ng camping Who are you going there with Where is she going Unit 4 How do you get to school Grammar: How引导的特别疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。 How does he get to shool- He takes the train to get to shool. How long does it take to walk -It takes about 35 minutes to wal
8、k. How far is it from your home to school Its four miles from my home to school. How old is he now She is twelve years old now. How many storybooks do you have I have five storybooks. How much is this coat This coat is 200 yuan. 特别疑问句的简略结构：how about+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、恳求或征求看法、询问消息等。如：How about play
9、ing tennis 乘坐交通工具的表达方式：by subway/train/bike., on foot . I usually take the bus to school./I usually go to school by bus(on/in the bus). My father sometimes rides his bike to work./My father sometimes goes to work by bike(on his bike). My grandmother always walks to the supermarket./My grandmother al
10、ways goes to the supermarket on foot. Unit 5 Can you come to my party Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答 一.情态动词can的用法： Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，cant. 1.can表实力，意思是：能，会 I can play basketball,but I cant swim. 2.can表示实力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able t
11、o make a model spaceship in three months. 3.表示可能性，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people. 4.表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it. 5.表示惊异、不信任等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中。意思是会、可能。 This cant be true. Can it be true 二.如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请 1.表达邀请的常用句型： Can you come to Could you come to Woul
12、d you like to come to Do you want to come to 2.接受邀请的常用句型： Sure. Certainly. Of course. OK. Id love to. 3.谢绝邀请的常用句型： Im sorry, I cant. but I have to Im afraid I cant. I have to I dont think I can. I have to/Im doing. Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister. Grammar:形容词的比较级 一.规则改变、不规则改变(课本P93) 二.than 是比
13、较级中最常见的标记词，意思是比。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am./ You are older than me. 三.形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。much 和far表示得多,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示略微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 略微矮点;even表示甚至，更加，还要even bigger还要大些，three times表示 三倍，如three tim
14、es bigger than 比大三倍 Very绝不行以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 等修饰原级 Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake Grammar: 可数名词与不行数名词 一.可数名词 英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不行数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其复数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es(特别状况除外)，如two bananas, three tomatoes， many apples，a few students 二.不行数名词 1.不行数名词指物体的数
15、量不行数。不行数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前干脆加冠词a 或an.表示不行数名词的数量时可在不行数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有： a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不行数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much(much rain)， a little (a little milk). 4.既可以修饰不行数名词又可以修饰不行数名词的词有： Lots of= a lot of很多，大量 some一些(用于确定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑问句) Unit 8 How was your
16、school trip Grammar: 一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in 2022等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词was/were 否定：wasnt /werent 一.Be动词句型 一般疑问句：was/were +主语 特别疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语 陈述句：主语+was/were+(确定句) 否定句：主语+was
17、nt/werent+ 二.行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句) 确定式：主语+动词过去式 否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形 特别疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形 Unit 9 When was he born Grammar: 一般过去时的特别疑问句 一般过去时的特别疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即特别疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+(表语)+其他成分或特别疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。 一、以when引导的特别疑问句，对某人的诞生年
18、月进行提问，句型是： When was/were born was/were born in/on +时间 When was David beckham born 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候诞生的He was born in 11015/in July 11015/on July 5,11015. 二.以how long 引导的特别疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是： How long did + 主语+动词 How long did Charles Smith hiccup He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三.When did he
19、start hiccupping 他什么时候起先打嗝When +did+主语+动词 Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player. Grammar:一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来常常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday 2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week. 3.be +v.ing The Greens are movin
20、g to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room Grammar:情态动词 情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和看法，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、揣测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必需、肯定)等。 情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有肯定词义，但不能单独作谓语
21、，必需和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的改变。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. (2)变否定句时，干脆在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He cant play the guitar well. He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late. (3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me Must I go there at once (4)can 可表示实力、允许、可能性、
22、怀疑揣测，意为能，会，可以。cant, 意为不能，不会，不行以。，还有不行能之意。 -Can you drive Sorry, I cant. It cant be true. (5)can 也可表示恳求与邀请 Can you please sweep the floor Unit12 Whats the best radio station Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 最见课本p93语法 1.the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates. 2.the +序数
23、词+最高级 He is the third tallest (student) in his class. 3.表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher. 4.形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the youngest (boy) in his class. 5.Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C Which is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car 6.one of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 第12页 共12页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页第 12 页 共 12 页