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1、 The Application of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Business English Letters 合作原则和礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用 学位申请人： _ 毛竹 _ 学 号： _ 211050211009 学科专业： 外国语言学及应用语言学 研究方向： 商务英语文本文体 指导教师： _ 部勇教授 定稿时间： _ 2014 年 3 月 西南财经大学 学位论文原创性及知识产权声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研 究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何
2、其他 个人或集体己经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个 人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明，因本学位论文引起的法律结果完全 由本人承担。 本人同意在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属西南财经大学。 本人完全了解西南财经大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即学校有权保 留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和 借阅。本人授权西南财经大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关 数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其他复制手段保存和汇编 本学位论文。 本学位论文属 于 1、 保密，在 _ 年解密后适用本授权书。 2、 不保密 特此声明。 学位申
3、请人： 年月日 摘要 当今，世界各国之间的国际商务合作在不断地发展，我国对外幵放政策 也在不断深化。因此，商务英语在国际贸易中扮演着越来越重要的角色。商 务英语信函是商务信息的载体，它是一种比较正式的文体，被普遍应用于国 际商务交往中，它也是开展对外贸易和国际商务活动的工具。得体的商务英 语信函不仅能促成交易，还能改变或加强合作双方的关系，保持贸易双方的合 作关系。在了解不同国家的文化习俗前提下，巧妙运用合作原则与礼貌原则， 可以在国际商务活动中避兔不必要的损失。因此，理解和掌握如何写好商务 英语信函的方法和技巧显得尤为重要。 本文介绍了两条重要的语用原则，即合作原则和礼貌原则。人们在语言 交
4、际中需要遵守合作原则和礼貌原则，合作原则使人们的言语交际能够顺利 进行，而礼貌原则可以解释人们为什么在说话的时候，有时会故意违反合作原 则。作者通过这两条原则对商务英语信函进行分析，目的是为商务信函写作 者提供一些语用学理论知识。本文还介绍了商务英语信函的写作原则以及分 类。不同类型的商务信函具有不同的写作特点，他们的着重点也不一样，需 要具体分析和对比才能更好地理解他们。商务英语信函的 7C 原则被很多学者 提到过，与其他英语文本不一样，它是商务英语特有的原则。本文对上述的 这些理论的研究是为了把理论与实际相结合，把语用原则合理地运用到商务 英语信函写作中，帮助商务英语信函写作者在以后的信函
5、写作中能够更简洁 明了地表达自己的意思。 本文主要采用了文献研究法，比较分析法以及案例分析法。文献研究法 主要是研究了以前的学者对合作原则、礼貌原则等分析。不管是在中国还是 外国，对合作原则和礼貌原则进行分析的论文数量相当可观。除了商务英语 信函以外，合作原则和礼貌原则也可以分析很多不同的文本。比较分析法在 本文中也被广泛运用，在介绍合作原则、礼貌原则的章节中，比较分析法被 合作原则和礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用 用来比较合作原则和礼貌原则的不同。在对商务英语信函描述的章节中，比 较分析法被用来比较不同商务英语信函的差异。在案例分析章节中，比较分 析法也被用来比较不同案例的差别。案例分析法能
6、帮助读者更好地理解理论 与实践的结合。 本文主要分为六个部分。第一个部分是简介，它主要介绍了这篇论文的 研究背景，这个话题的研究意义，以及这篇论文的主体框架和研究方法。第 二个部分是关于合作原则和礼貌原则的理论研究，这个部分研究了会话含义、 合作原则及其准则、合作原则及其准则的遵守和违反、面子理论、礼貌原则 及其准则、礼貌原则及其准则的应用。除此之外，还谈及了合作原则和礼貌 原则之间既对立又统一的关系。第三个部分是对商务英语信函的研究。它包 括了对商务英语和商务英语信函的简介，商务英语信函的写作特点以及商务 英语信函的分类。第四个部分主要阐述了合 作原则、礼貌原则在商务英语信 函中的使用。这一
7、部分不仅阐述了合作原则和礼貌原则怎样在商务英语信函 中应用，还说明了合作原则、礼貌原则及 7C 原则的统一关系在商务英语信函 中的体现。第五个部分是案例分析，根据商务英语信函的分类，作者挑选了 七个有针对性的信函作为案例，用合作原则、礼貌原则以及商务英语信函的 写作原则来分析这些文本，让读者能体会到把理论应用到实际信函的过程。 最后一个部分是总结，作者总结了本文主要研究成果，同时也提出了本文的 不足和以后研究的建议。 关键词：商务英语信函，合作原则，礼貌原则， 7C 原 则 Abstract Abstract At present, international business coopera
8、tion between the countries all over the world is in constant development, and Chinas policy of opening to the outside world is also in unceasing deepening. Therefore, Business English plays a more and more important role in international trades. Business English letter is the carrier of business inf
9、ormation， which is written in a formal style and is widely used in intemationd businesses, and it is the tool to carry out foreign trades and international businesses. An appropriate Business English letter can not only facilitate transactions, but can also change or strengthen the cooperation and m
10、aintain trade relations between the two parties of trades. Under the premise of understanding the different cultures and customs in different countries, clever use of cooperative principle and politeness principle can avoid unnecessary losses in international business activities. Therefore, the unde
11、rstanding and grasp of the methods and skills to write Business English letter is very important for traders. This thesis introduces two important pragmatic principles: cooperative principle and politeness principle. People need to follow cooperative principle and politeness principle in their commu
12、nication. Cooperative principle makes verbal communication be carried out smoothly, and politeness principle explains why people sometimes deliberately violate cooperative principle. The author analyzes Business English letters through these two principles, aiming to provide some knowledge of pragma
13、tic theory to the writers of Business English letters. This thesis also introduces the traits and classifications of Business English letters. The writing of different types of business letters has different characteristics, and thehr I The Application of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Princip
14、le in Business English Letters focuses are not the same. So, we need specific analysis and comparison in order to understand different Business English letters better. Many scholars have mentioned 7C principle of Business English letters, and the principle is different from the principles of other E
15、nglish texts, it is the unique principle of Business English letter. In this thesis, the purpose of researching the theories that mentioned above is to combine the theory with practice, Reasonably apply the pragmatic principles in Business English letters can help Business English letters writers ex
16、press their meaning more concisely and clearly in the future. The thesis mainly adopts the methods of literature research, comparative analysis and case analysis. The literature research method is mainly to study the previous analysis on the cooperative principle and politeness principle. Whether in
17、 the China or foreign countries, the quantity of academic papers to study cooperative principle and politeness principle is considerable. Except for analyzing English business letters, cooperative principle and politeness principle can also be used to analyze many different texts. Comparative analys
18、is is also widely used in this thesis, in the chapter of introducing cooperative principle and politeness principle, comparative analysis is used to compare cooperative principle and politeness principle. In the chapter of the description of Business English letters, comparative analysis is used to
19、compare the differences of different types of Business English letters. In the case analysis part, comparative analysis method is also used to compare the differences of diverse cases. In addition? Case analysis can help the readers to better understand the combination of theory and practice. This t
20、hesis can be divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background of the thesis, the significance of this topic, as well as the main framework and methodology of this thesis. The second chapter is the theoretical framework and previous study on cooperativ
21、e principle and politeness principle. In this chapter, the author states the previous Abstract study of the theoretical framework of Hie thesis. This chapter studies conversational implicature, cooperative principle and the maxims under it5 the face theory, politeness principle and the maxims under
22、it, and the relations between cooperative principle and politeness principle. The third chapter is the survey of Business English letters. It includes the brief introduction to Business English and Business English letters, the traits of Business English letters and the classifications of Business E
23、nglish letters. The fourth chapter mainly expounds the usage of cooperative principle and politeness principle in Business Englisli letters, which explains how cooperative principle and politeness principle be used in Business English letters. And it also defines the unified relationship between coo
24、perative principle， politeness principle and 7C principles in Business English letters. The fifth chapter is case study. Based on the classification of Business English letters, the author selects seven Business English letters as cases, and analyzes these letters with cooperative principle, politen
25、ess principle and the 7C principle of Business English letters, so as to make the readers can understand the process of the combination of the pragmatic theories and actual letters. The last chapter is conclusion, the author summarizes the main findings of this thesis, as well as the limitations and
26、 suggestions on future study. Key words: Business English Letters; Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle; 7C Principle ill Contents Contents Chapter I Introduction . 1 1.1 . The Background of the Thesis . 1 1.2 The Significance of the Thesis . 2 1.3 The Outline and the Methodology of the Thesi
27、s . 3 1.3.1 The Outline of the Thesis . . 3 1.3.2 . The Methodology of the Thesis . 4 Chapter II The Theoretical Framework and Previous Study of the Theory. 6 2.1 Cooperative Principle . 6 2.1.1 Conversational Implicature and Its Main Characteristics . 6 2.1.2 Cooperative Principle and the Maxims un
28、der It . 11 2.1.3 . The Observance and Violation of Cooperative Principle . 13 2.2 Politeness Principle . 16 2.2.1 The Face Theory . 17 2.2.2 Politeness Principle and the Maxims under It . 19 2.2.3 The Application of the Maxims under Politeness Principle . 22 2.3 The Relations between Cooperative Pr
29、inciple and Politeness Principle . 27 2.3.1 The Contradiction betweaa Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle . 28 2.3.2 The Unity between Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle. 29 Chapter III The Survey of Business English Letters . 31 3.1 The Brief Introduction to Business English
30、and Business English Letters. 31 3.1.1 What is Business English . 31 I The Application of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Business English Letters 3.1.2 What are Business English Letters . 32 3.2 The Traits of Business English Letters . 36 3.2.1 Consideration . 37 3.2.2 Courtesy .
31、38 3.2.3 Clarity . 39 3.2.4 Conciseness . 40 3.2.5 Correctness . 41 3.2.6 Concretness . 42 3.2.7 Completeness . 43 3.3 The Classifications of Business English Letters . 44 3.3.1 Letters for Building BusinessRelationship . 45 3.3.2 Inquiry Letters . 47 3.3.3 Quotation Letters . 49 3.3.4 Order Letters
32、 . 51 3.3.5 Complaint Letters . 52 3.3.6 Claim Letters . 53 3.3.7 Application Letters . 55 Chapter IV The Usage of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Business English Letters . 58 4.1 The Usage of Cooperative Principle in Business English Letters . 58 4.1.1 Quality Maxim . 58 4.1.2 Qu
33、antity Maxim . 59 4.1.3 Relevance Maxim . 59 4.1.4 Manner Maxim . 60 4.2 The Usage of Politeness Principle inBusiness English Letters . 60 4.2.1 Tact Maxim . 60 4.2.2 Generosity Maxim . 61 4.2.3 Approbation Maxim . 61 Contents 4.2.4 Modesty Maxim . 62 4.2.5 Agreement Maxim . 62 4.2.6 Sympathy Maxim
34、. 63 4.3 The Unified Relationship between Cooperative Principle, Politeness Principle and 7C Principle in Business English Letters . 63 4.3.1 Correctness and Quality Maxim . 63 4.3.2 Completeness and Quantity Maxim . . . 64 4.3.3 Concretness and Manner Maxim. 64 4.3.4 Conciseness and Manner Maxim .
35、65 4.3.5 Clarity, Maimer Maxim and Relevance Maxim. 65 4.3.6 Consideration, Agreement Maxim and Sympathy Maxim . 65 4.3.7 Courtesy and Every Maxim of Politeness Principle. 66 Chapter V Case Study . 67 5.1 The Application of GP and PP in Letters for Building Business Relationship 67 5.2 The Application of CP and PP in Inquiry Letters . 68 5.3 The Application