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1、2022年12月大学英语六级考试真题（三）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence Today increasing importance is being attached to cultivating college students,team spir,it. You can makestatements, give reasons, or cite examples to de
2、velop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part llListening ComprehensionPart i:Reading Comprehension Section A(30 minutes)(40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
3、 of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of
4、 the words in the bank more t加nonce.American colleges and universities are using 64 percent less coal than they did a decade ago, burning 700,000 tons last year, down from 2 million tons in 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EL心said in a report 1 yesterday.All 57 schools that were bur
5、ning coal in 2008 are using less now, and 20 have _JJ coal completely,EIAfound.Most universities have turned to natural gas as a 1L, with state funding backing the fuel switch.While academic institutions use less than O.1 percent of U. S. coal burned for power, campus coal use has a history dating b
6、ack to the 1800s when 1L to power was scarce.Many universities still operate their own power plants.The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 encouraged more electricity generation by allowing institutions to sell_巠 power to utilities.But EIA noted many coal-fired universities have signed o
7、nto the American College and University Presidents Climate Ommitment, which was launched in 2007.A切ut 665 schools are part of the program, which aims to _l_!_ greenhouse gas emissions. Thirty percent of the participants have pledged to be carbon lL within 20 years.The Sierra Clubs Beyond Oal campaig
8、n, which also leads campaigns for universities to withdraw their互in coal and other fossil fuels, lists 22 schools that have pledged to move beyond coal, including Clemson University, Indiana University, Ohio University, Penn State University, the Universityof Louisville and the University of Tenness
9、ee, Knoxville.The largest coal use lL at colleges were in Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Indiana. Indianas universities alone cut coal _ 35 _ by 81 percent between 2008 and 2015.During the same period, Michigan made an 80 percent cut and Tennessee cut back by 94 percent at state institutions.A) a
10、bandonedB) accessC) consumptionD) contriveE) duplicationsF) investmentsG) mobilizedH) negligentD neutralJ) reductionsK) releasedL) replacementM) slashN) surplus0) voidSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it应ch statement contains in,伈rm
11、ation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once应ch paragraph is marked with a letter. A瓜wer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Classical music aiins to evolve, build audienc
12、es without alienating old guardIv In 1913, classical music sparked a riot in Paris. Igor Stravinsky was introducing bis revolutionary Rite of Springballet to the world, with its discordant melodies and unorthodox choreography（编舞），and the purists in the crowd expressed their disapproval loud and clea
13、r. It might have been classical musics version of the time Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival. The noise, fighting, and shouting in the audience got so loud, NPRs music reporter Miles Hoffman said of the Stravinsky debut, that the choreographer had to shout out the numbers to the d
14、ancers so that they knew what they were upposed to do. .BIts difficult t0o皿iag)ine a similar disturbance occurring today within Americas sacred symphony halls. In fact, its hard to picture any kind of disruptive activity at all (unless someones cell phone happens to go off, and then youd better watc
15、h your back). A mannerly aura（氛围）hangs over most classical proceedings, and many of the genres biggest supporters would have it no other way.C) Today, Western audiences for classical music and opera and ballet are almost always well dressed,older, respectful, achingly silent and often very wealthy (
16、one has to be able to afford most tickets). But as many of Americas most storied highbrow（高雅的）institutions struggle financiallythePhiladelphia Orchestras much-publicized rebound from bankruptcy is just one recent example classical music fans and theorists are wondering how the medium can weave itsel
17、f into the 21st centurys cultural fabric without sacrificing its integrity.D) For example, should we feel OK clappin旷during classical music events, even if nobody else is? Why shouldnt we cheer for something great, like we do at a rock concert? The Buffington Post recently ran a Great Debate on this
18、 issue and many commenters came out on the side of silence. There is no more rewarding experience in life than being part of an audience where everybody is leaning forward in silence, thoroughly carried away by a great performance of a masterpiece, one commenter wrote. Why is it so difficult for fol
19、ks to develop an appreciation and understanding for the mannerisms and traditions of classical music? asked another.E) The truth is that classical music audiences werent always so polite. Robert Greenberg, an award winning composer, said that when Beethoven first performed his 7th Symphony, audience
20、s forced the orchestra to perform encores（重演）of certain movements immediately, applauding wildly. And in the last few decades, he said, many audiences at opera performances have abandoned pretenses, yelling Bravo when they feel like it.F) I dont think theres anything wrong with an audience showing t
21、heir enthusiasm for a proper moment by applauding, showing their joy, Greenberg said, noting that the stuffiness in concert halls is one aspect of contemporary concert etiquette he doesnt understand. Instead of waiting half an hour toshow enthusiasm, why not show it every eight or nine minutes?G) Un
22、til the rules about behavior and clothing change, its hard to imagine multitudes of young people filling concert halls on their own accord. Theyre probably more likely to head to Central Park to watch a free performance with a bottle of wine and their friends. I think anyone should be able to come i
23、nto a performance dressed any way they like, and be comfortable any way they like, sitting in that seat ready to enjoy themselves, Greenberg said. Because its enjoyable.H) Greenberg stressed that he doesnt want people to start respecting the music less, and hes not suggesting that we dumb down the e
24、xperience. Rather, its about opening up access. When operas first instituted subtitles（字幕）during shows, he said, many purists didnt like the idea, believing thatthe audience should instead study the works before attending. But now its commonplace to find titles on the seatback in front of youchoose
25、a language, sit back, and understand whats going on.I) Allison Vulgamore, president of the Philadelphia Orchestra, is certainly looking to the future. She says certain classics concerts dedicated to the old masters will always exist, but not every programhas to feature Beethoven and Brahmsor even a
26、stage and seats. Were trying to introduce differentkinds of concerts in different ways, she said. We are an interactive society now, where people like to learn.J) As the Philadelphia Orchestra rebounds from its financial straits, it is also aiming to experiment, without alienating the loyalists. Vul
27、gamore pointed to Cirque de la Symphonie, a recent offering in which jugglers（玩杂耍的人）and acrobats（杂技演员）interacted with musicians. An upcoming collaboration with New York Citys Ridge Theatre, meanwhile, will feature a suspended dance installation and other theatrical elements occurring in conjunction
28、with an orchestral piece.K) The orchestra also continues to offer $ 25 annual memberships to Philadelphia students, who can buy rush tickets to every concert on the schedule. Students line up for the concerts they want, and we get roughly 300 or 350 kids a night coming to these. They take any of the
29、 open seats available, 5 minutes before the concert starts, Vulgamore said. Its like the running of the bulls, that energy when the doors open.L) Greenberg thinks that youthful energy needs to be harvested. Conductors dont have to be arrogant and untouchable-they can be accessible. Perhaps there cou
30、ld even be a bit of humor about them, he suggested, and an abandoning of pretension within the high-art institutions themselves. On one hand, these organizations are all saying the same thing: we want more general audiences, to break down cultural barriers, he said. But then they come up with some v
31、ery snooty（目中无人的）thing that makes you crazy. M) John Terauds, a critic who has covered Torontos classical music scene extensively, also wants to do away with the stuffiness. He suggested that the warmer an audience is, the better the musicians themselves will respond. But the producer or organizer h
32、as to let everyone know its OK, he said. Its OK to enjoy yourself. At the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, for example, conductor Peter Oundjian often stops between pieces, taking a moment to talk about the composer or the music in a very amiable way. And some nights, Terauds said, at least a third of th
33、e audience consists of students who have purchased cheaper tickets. On these nights, the energy of the room drastically shifts. It becomes a less intimidating place.N) Back in February, Terauds wrote on his blog about how going to classical performances can be intimidating. Certain people think they
34、 have to dress up, he wrote. They think they have to know something about the music before they go. And, Im sure, sitting in a seat, trembling in fear that this might be the wrong time to applaud, is also one of the factors.0) Everyone in the classical world agrees on the need for increased accessib
35、ility, but achieving it is often easier said than done. Nowadays, there are unknown, unorthodox opera singers wowing（博得的喝彩）viewers on TV programs like Americas Got Talent and The Voice. What canhigher institutions do with any of that? And if they appeal to these outlets, do they risk compromising th
36、e integrity or the intelligence of the music?P) Vulgamore seems to understand this. She thinks an organization can have it both ways, claiming the new while keeping the old. And as she reorganizes the Philadelphia Orchestra, she will attempt to do just that. The worlds most respected musicians broug
37、ht together as an orchestra will always exist, she said. But its essential that we be willing to experiment and fail.36. It was not a rare occurrence that audiences behaved wildly while listening to classical music.37. Some high-art institutions dont actually mean it when they say they want more gen
38、eral audiences.38. The theatre was in chaos when an unconventional ballet was first put on stage in the capital of France.39. According to one critic, the audiences warm response would encourage the musicians to do a better job.40. Many commenters argued for the audience enjoying classical music qui
39、etly.41. What appears on the seatback screen makes it unnecessary for the audience to study the works beforehand.42. It is generally accepted that there should be no disturbance from the audience during classical music performance.43. Higher institutions will be concerned about compromising the inte
40、grity of classical music if they have to resort to the television medium.44. Heavily discounted rush tickets help attract many young students to attend classical concerts.45. The formalities of high-art theatres can intimidate some people attending a performance.Section CDirections: There are 2 pass
41、ages in this section应ch passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestion
42、s 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, its becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between peoples rates of
43、 aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.Deep within the
44、genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes（染色体）They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cellages. When th
45、ey become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isnt the only reason a cell can agethere are other stresses on cells we dont yet understand very wellbut short telomeres are one of themajor reasons human cells grow old. Weve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one ext
46、raordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and orie of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be t
47、rusted. Someone with hostility doesnt just think, I hate to stand in long lines; they think, Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!-and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic
48、disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scored high on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30% more likely to have short telomeres.What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowedand, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community thattelomeres do not simply carry out the