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1、Unit 4 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。祈使句一、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回
2、去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dot，构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如：Dont say that again!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾
3、格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。例如：Dont let me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通
4、常有以下三种形式：1.祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外
5、，其它均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？情态动词must和have to情态动词用法例句must表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式mustnt表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意1 You must come to school on time.2 Everybody must obey the law.3 You mustnt drive so fast in the str
6、eet.4 We mustnt waste any more time.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt1Must I come back before ten? Yes，you must.(No, you neednt)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中1 It must be my mother.2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 There must be a hole in the wall. have tohave to“必须，不得不”，意义与m
7、ust相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age.2I will have to learn how to use a computer.3In order to tak
8、e the exam, well have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .两者的否定意义不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”，dont have to表示不必。1 You mustnt go there.2 You dont have to go there.1. 【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _ stop our car. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt 2. 【山东省泰安市2015年中
9、考英语试题】Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train. A. can B. may C. must D. will 3. 【德州市二O一五年初中学业水平考试英语试题】 Mr. Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday?No, you_ . I have asked Kate to do it.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt4. 【江苏省盐城市2015年中考英语试题】Daniel,
10、_ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant 5. 【河南省2015年中考英语试题】 kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been6. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A. Not to read B. Don
11、t read C. Dont to read D. Not read基础演练一、单项选择 1. picture books in class, please. A. Not readB. No readC. Not readingD. Dont read 2. Ssh! talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now. A. DoB. DoesC. DontD. Doesnt 3. Do you wear a uniform at school? A. mustB. have toC. mayD. can 4. You stop when the tra
12、ffic light turns red. A. canB. had betterC. needD. must 5. - you give your seat to this old man?- Of course. A. CanB. ShallC. NeedD. Must二、按要求转换句型 6. Throw that piece of paper away. (改为否定祈使句) that piece of paper away. 7. Pick some flowers, please. (改为否定祈使句) pick flowers, please. 8. I have to look af
13、ter myself. (改为否定句)I look after myself. 9. Andy has to study for a test. (改为一般疑问句) Andy study for a test?10. I can talk to Jennys mother. (改为一般疑问句) talk to Jennys mother?三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子) 11. 请找布朗先生接电话好吗? speak to Mr.Brown?12. 在周末我喜欢去那儿，但是我得先做一些家务活。I go there on weekends, but I some housework first.1
14、3. 地球是我们美丽的家园, 我们必须保持地球清洁。The earth is our beautiful home. We .14. 不要在街道上打篮球。 in the street.15. 禁止在草上行走。 on the grass.巩固提高1. Do your homework at home. (改为否定句) your homework at home.2. Do you have a good time at school? (改为同义句)Do you have at school?3. I can eat in the dining hall. (就划线部分提问) you eat?4
15、. Please keep quiet in class. (改为同义句)Dont be in class.5. Must we eat in the hallways? (作否定回答) , .6. You cant listen to music in the classroom. (改为祈使句) music in the classroom.7. Go out on school nights. (改为否定句) out on school nights.8. She has to wash the dishes after meals. (改为一般疑问句) she wash the dis
16、hes after meals?9. We can eat lunch at our school. (改为以Lets开头的句子) lunch at our school.10. Dont draw pictures on the blackboard. (改为肯定句) on the blackboard.一、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1. 她会说一点儿中文。She speak a little Chinese.2. - 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？- 不，他们不能。- Can the students run in the hallways?- No, they .3. - 我能在教室里吃东西
17、吗？- 不，你不能。- I in the classroom?- No, you cant.4. 你上课不要接电话。You answer the telephone in class.5. 我10点钟之前不得不上床睡觉。I go to bed before 10:00.二、按要求转换句型6. Will you please not open the window? (改为祈使句) the window.7. We have to clean the room. (就划线部分提问) do you have to ?8. She has to do her homework. (改为否定句)She
18、 do her homework.9. I have to stay at home on rainy days. (改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答) you stay at home on rainy days?No, I .10. You dont have to get up so early. (改为同义句)You get up so early.三、完形填空 Every school has its own rules. How many 11 are there in your school? At some schools, the students 12 to wear unif
19、orms on school days. But many students dont like to wear uniforms. They think the uniforms are the ugliest 13 in the world. But the schools dont allow the students to wear 14 own clothes at school. So some students draw cartoons or some famous singers on their 15 . They think it is very 16 that ever
20、yone wears the same. It is very unfair(不公平的) that the teachers and the students are wearing 17 . But most of the students 18 the rules. What do you think 19 it? Do you 20 your school uniforms?11.A. studentsB. rulesC. uniformsD. rulers12.A. hasB. mustC. shouldD. have13.A. clothesB. shirtsC. skirtsD.
21、cloth14.A. theirB. theyC. themD. themselves15.A. school bagsB. booksC. uniformsD. desks16.A. boredB. boringC. interestingD. interested17.A. sameB. differentlyC. differentD. the same18.A. obeyB. agreeC. listenD. listen to19.A. ofB. aboutC. byD. for20.A. likeB. makeC. washD. put on_一、单项选择 1. - Whats y
22、our teacher like?- She is always strict us. A. inB. withC. to 2. Mr. Black always goes to work time. He is never late. A. atB. onC. inD. with 3. - I go out with my friends, Mom?- No, you cant. You must do your homework first. A. MustB. Have toC. DoD. Can 4. On Sunday I have to go to the farm my pare
23、nts. A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped 5. - What are the rules at your school?- Dont run in the hallways and arrive late for class. A. not toB. wontC. dontD. no 6. There are people in the hall and there are noise(噪音) in it. A. too many; too muchB. too many; much too C. too much; too manyD. too mu
24、ch; much too 7. Our classroom is . We must clean it. A. dirtyB. sorryC. quietD. noisy 8. - What do you do after dinner?- I . A. have breakfastB. have lunch C. get up earlyD. watch TV 9. - What are your rules at home?- I have to go to bed ten. A. afterB. beforeC. inD. on10. - Are you happy?- . I have
25、 a lot of rules. A. Yes, I amB. Yes, I doC. No, Im notD. No, I dont二、完形填空 My name is Li Xia. I am a middle school student. As a student, I have many rules. I cant be late 11 class. I must 12 on time. I cant run in the hallways. I cant 13 in the classroom. I must eat in the dining hall. I 14 listen t
26、o music in the classroom, but I can listen to it outside. I have to wear my school 15 every day. I cant wear a hat. In the school library, we must be quiet. We cant talk loudly or laugh loudly. At home, I have to get up early and help my mom 16 breakfast. I have to make the bed and 17 my bedroom eve
27、ry morning. I cant watch TV 18 play computer games 19 school nights. On weekends, I have to practice the guitar and the piano. I cant play 20 on school days. I am not happy. What can I do?11.A. toB. withC. forD. in12.A. amB. isC. areD. be13.A. fightB. eatC. singD. dance14.A. cantB. canC. doD. dont15
28、.A. bookB. shoeC. uniformD. rules16.A. doB. makeC. to doesD. to makes17.A. makeB. eatC. cleanD. follow18.A. orB. andC. withD. for19.A. inB. atC. onD. with20.A. the basketballB. the soccer C. volleyballD. piano三、阅读理解 Today is Sunday, and there will be a concert(音乐会) at Hong He Concert Hall at 7:00 p.
29、m. Mr. Smith arrives there early, and he is reading the Notice to the Audience (听众须知).Notice to the Audience1. Dress neatly(整洁) and dont wear slippers(拖鞋) into the concert hall.2. Dont take food or drink into the hall.3. Dont take children under 1.2m in height into the concert hall.4. Keep off all b
30、eepers and mobile phones (手机) during the concert.5. Dont take photos during the concert.6. Dont smoke in the concert hall.21. What day is it today? A. Its Saturday.B. Its Sunday. C. Its Monday.D. Its Friday.22. What time is it now? A. 7:00 a.m.B. Before 7:00 in the morning. C. 7:00 p.m.D. Before 7:0
31、0 p.m.23. Mr. Smith is . A. listening to the concertB. waiting for his friends C. reading the noticeD. watching a movie24. The audience have to . A. wear slippersB. make phone calls C. eat or drink somethingD. dress neatly25. Which is RIGHT? A. Children under 1.2m cant come into the hall. B. People
32、with no beepers or mobile phones cant come into the hall. C. If you want, you can smoke in the hall. D. You can take some photos during the concert.四、单词拼写(单句首字母填空) 26. I think students should follow the school r .27. We have to be q in the library.28. Dont go out b you finish your homework.29. The r
33、oom is too small. Lets go o .30. I learn how to use the computer and I f very happy.五、适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 31. Dont be (noise) in the classroom.32. I feel very (relax) after having a good rest.33. I have to do the (dish) after dinner.34. I have many storybooks, but Tom has (many).35. Please keep your eyes
34、 (close).六、对话7选5A: Hello, Li Lei. 36. B: We cant arrive late for class.A: 37. B: No, we cant. But we can eat in the dining hall.A: Can you listen to music in the hallways?B: No, we cant. 38. A: Do you have to wear uniforms?B: 39. A: 40. B: Yes, I do, or my parents will be angry(生气).A: I have to do m
35、y homework first when I get home. A. Can you eat in the classroom? B. Do you have to finish your homework after school? C. What are your school rules? D. Yes, we do. E. And we cant wear hats at school.七、选词填空(短文选词填空) late first parents strict leaving say our follow early afterOur Class Rules Our head
36、 teacher is very 41. with us. He makes many rules for us and asks us to 42. them. We have to get up 43. in the morning. All of us must be on time for class. We cant arrive 44. . We cant fight in or out of class. If we fight, he will call our 45. . We cant eat or talk loudly in class. We must listen to the teacher carefully(认真地). 46. class, we cant run o