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1、第四讲：Unit 2 语法篇_掌握单词和短语时间状从句一般现在时的被动语态1. among prep. 在之中【语境领悟】*It is a time for a special dinner among family and friends. 这是一个在家人和朋友之间吃顿特殊晚餐的时间。*The teacher sat among the children. 老师坐在孩子们中间。*I am sitting between my parents. 我正坐在我父母中间。来源:学科网2. Football is also important at Thanksgiving, with many te
2、ams playing games. 足球在感恩节也是很重要的, 很多队都在比赛。【句型剖析】(1)with many teams playing games是“with +宾语+v. -ing形式”构成的复合结构, 在句中可以作定语或状语。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。(2)with的复合结构: 【归纳拓展】with的不同含义 词义用法同一起; 和其后一般接表示人的名词或代词有; 带有其反义词为without, 其后接名词、代词或动名词用其后一般接表示工具的名词来源:学科网2.语法梳理状语从句: 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义
3、状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨） I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along（沿着走） the lak
4、e, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees
5、 it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out（熄灭）.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off（从下来） until the bus stops.【Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而
6、在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。 Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可能持续）。固定组合里from morning till night，till/until是不能替换的，】2.when, while 的用法 when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当.时候”之意， 用法稍有不同： when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词则用一般过去时，主句是延
7、续性动词则用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内（长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时）；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过去进行时,这时when和while都可以用。 when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。when +短/延while +延 when和while两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when相当于“在那时”，等于at that time或just then;而while则相当于“而；却；但是”；相当于but,表示对比关系。（这一点暂时可以不掌握）eg. I was
8、playing computer games when my father got home. = When my father got home,I was playing computer games. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. = When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.3.常见的时间状语从句: (1)when引导的从句: 表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生, 或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。 (2)while引导的从句: 表示
9、“当过程中”, 强调某一段时间内主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时期发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为, 所以从句中要用延续性动词, 并且延续性动词常用进行时态。 (3)as引导的时间状语从句: 由as引导的时间状语从句, 表示“当的时候, 一边一边, 随着”。其从句的主语与主句的主语往往是同一人或物。 (4)before引导的从句: 一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。例如: I didnt know any English before I came here. 我到这儿来之前, 一点英语都不懂。(5)after引导的从句: 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如: Aft
10、er he locked the door, he left. 他锁上门, 就走了。(6)since引导的从句: 表示“自从以来”, 从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点, 用一般过去时。主句中的动词表示动作延续的情况, 一般用现在完成时。如果主句中的动词表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态, 可用一般现在时。(7)until引导的从句: 表示“直到”, 主句和从句都用肯定式。例如: They worked until it was late. 他们一直工作到天黑。 表示“直到才”, 主句用否定式, 从句用肯定式。 例如: She didnt go to bed until she finishe
11、d her homework. 她一直到写完作业才睡觉。 (8)as soon as引导的从句: 表示“一就”, 强调动作紧密相连。例如: As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English. 她一到教室, 就开始读英语。1. (天津中考)_I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. A. WhenB. BeforeC. SinceD. Although2. (莱芜中考)Youd better make a good plan _you take a holiday. A
12、. before B. during C. until D. after3. (淮安中考)Many people do not realize the importance of health _they have fallen. A. until B. while C. when D. after4. (宜昌中考)The local living conditions(条件)have improved a lot _China set up the city of Sansha. And more and more people would like to go there for busi
13、ness. A. beforeB. whenC. sinceD. after5. (菏泽中考)_the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. A. When B. If C. While D. Once6. (南充中考)My mother bought me a sweater for my _ birthday. A. twelfth B. twelve C. the twelfth基础演练I.单项选择。1 The meeting didnt start_ everyone was there. A.
14、because B. until C. why D. if2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didnt go; afterC. went; untilD. didnt go; until3 I wont believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when4 He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday.A. didnt go; unt
15、il; with B. wasnt go; after; to C. doesnt go; before; with D. didnt go; until; to5 He _ back until the work _ done. A. isnt; will be B. isnt; is C. wont be; will be D. wont be; is6 They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if7. Tom will call me as soon a
16、s he _ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to8. Im sure hell come to see me before he _ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves9. I will tell him the news as soon as he_ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. cam10. Ill give him your message he comes back from lun
17、ch.A. until B. while C. before D. as soon asIII. 完成句子1. 贝蒂, 暑假玩得开心吗? Did you _ _during the summer holiday, Betty? 2. 饭前, 张先生做了一次演讲, 为了感谢大家的帮助。Before dinner, Mr. Zhang _ _ _to _ _ _everyones help. 3. 在宴会的开始, 我们摆设餐具。We _ _ _at _ _of the party. 4. 谁教会了先驱们种植谷物? Who taught the _to _ _? 5. 小女孩靠卖报纸为生。The l
18、ittle girl earns her living _ _newspapers. 巩固提高I.单项选择。1. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while2. All the students went home _ school was over.A before B since C as soon as D while3. You will feel much better _ you take the medicine.A before B after
19、C when D while4. _ we were playing football , they were playing volleyball.A until B When C If D while5. My grandma didnt go to sleep _ got back home.A where B until C as soon as D while6. _ did you see a cat from behind the door? As soon as I entered the room.AWhat B When C Where D Why7. It was rai
20、ning _I were waiting for you.A after B while C before D until来源:Z#xx#k.Com8. _ he finished his work , he left his office.A Before B After C Until D WhileII.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She _ (write) to me as soon as she _ (reach) Beijing next week. 2. My mother _ (cook) when I got home yesterday evening. 3.They
21、will wait until she _（come） back4I was just leaving when someone _ (knock) on the door 5 After we _（arrive） in Beijing tonight， we _（have） a big meal 6He _ (wait) until the rain _(stop)III.句型攻关1. 昨天直到那个小男孩找到妈妈, 我才离开。Yesterday I _leave _the little boy found his mother. 2. 记得你一到那儿就要给我打电话。Remember to r
22、ing me up _ _ _ you get there. 3. 当我到家的时候, 妹妹正在看电视。 _I got home, my sister _ _TV. 4. 当我正做饭时, 我切到手指了。While I _ _, I _my finger. 5. 他们正在努力地工作, 不是吗? They are working hard, _ _? 6. 自从你离开上海, 就没有见过王先生吗? _you _Mr. Wang _ you left Shanghai? 7. 我们希望在老师的帮助下, 很容易地完成作业。We hope we can finish homework easily, _ t
23、he teacher _ us. I.单项选择1. Students in Beijing away many books to the Hope Schools since 2009.A. have given B give C gave D gives2.Many people do not realize the importance of health they have fallen.A until B while C when D after3. I will call you as soon as I free time.A will have B had C have D am
24、 having4. My father was reading the newspaper my mother came back.A as B. when C. because D. if5. I watched the girl across the street.A walked B. walking C walks D. to walk6. The old man wanted to retire . A. somewhere quiet B. quiet somewhere C. anywhere quiet D. quiet anywhere 7. John was watchin
25、g TV, his mother was cooking.A. While B. As soon as C. Before D. Since8. Ill give him your message he comes back from lunch.A. until B. while C. before D. as soon as9. - Its too late. I have to go now. - Oh, its raining outside. Dont leave - it stops. A. since B. until C. while D. when10. I was in t
26、he US, I made a lot of American friends.A. While B. Although C. Until D. UnlessII.完成句子1. 如果你觉得工作太累了, 不妨去度假。If you feel too tired at work, just _ _ _. 2. 我明天可以请一天假吗? May I have _ _ _tomorrow? 3. 中国人民解放军建立于1927年8月1日。The PLA _ _ _the First of August, 1927. 4. 我1995年毕业, 从那以后, 我住在伦敦。I left school in 1995
27、, and _ _I have lived in London. 5. 超市里有各种各样的水果, 不是吗? There are _ _ _fruit in the supermarket, _ _? III.完型填空The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a great book by Mark Twain. As its name suggests, its an adventure 1.“Huck” Finn (first introduced as Tom Sawyers friend in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)
28、is a young boy in the 1840s. Hucks 2 has a really bad drinking problem, and he always abuses (辱骂) Huck after he has drunk too much. Huck is so 3 his father that one day he runs away from home. He 4 a runaway slave (奴隶) named Jim, and the 5 decide to run away together.As Huck and Jim float (漂泊) down
29、the Mississippi River, 6 meet many colourful characters and have many great adventures. The theme of the story, however, is the 7 between Huck and Jim. Huck has been taught that helping a runaway slave is 8, but he truly believes that Jim is a good man. With each adventure their friendship grows str
30、onger and deeper. 9 Mark Twain wrote the book a long time ago, it is still very popular today. During the whole story Mark Twain 10 everything stay exciting and interesting. Well, I felt like I was on the adventures with Huck and Jim. I just couldnt stop reading.1.A. filmB. tripC. storyD. lesson2.A.
31、 fatherB. motherC. uncleD. brother3.A. worried aboutB. proud ofC. afraid ofD. interested in 4.A. catchesB. buysC. bringsD. meets 5.A. two B. threeC. four D. five6.A. weB. theyC. youD. I7.A. fightB. distanceC. secretD. friendship8.A. wise B. wrongC. kindD. easy9.A. Because B. If C. AlthoughD. As10.A.
32、 made B. saw C. heardD. Found_I.单项选择1. The meeting didnt start _everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if2. Tom will call me as soon as he _Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to3. We _TV when the telephone_. A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rangC. watch; ring
33、s D. are watching; rang4. I _him since I began to live in the city. A. know B. have known C. knew D. will know5. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if6. _he had closed the door, he left the house. A. Before B. After C.
34、When D. If7. It was evening _we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before8. While she _a phone call, I _a letter. A. was making; wrote B. was making; was writingC. made; was writing D. made; wroteII. 完形填空 Once there lived two brothers. The elder was called Simon and
35、the younger Victor. They 1 each other very much, and always took care of one another. Every day they worked from morning 2 night, getting as much grain(谷物) as possible from their fields.One late autumn evening, after their work in the 3 was done, Simon said to his wife, Victor got married last month
36、. He has many bills(账单) to pay. I think I will put a bag of rice in his barn(谷仓). Oh, thats a good idea, said his wife. But please dont tell him, said Simon, If he knows I put the rice there, he will 4 take it.”So, late that night Simon took a bag of rice to Victors barn. The next day, while looking
37、 at his own barn, he found 5 strange. I took a bag of rice to Victors house last night, 6 I still have the same number of bags in my barn. 7 did that happen?Simon decided to take another bag of rice to his brothers barn that night. But the next morning, he found the 8 number of bags in his barn agai
38、n! This is very strange, he thought.That night he 9 again. He carried a large bag of rice on his shoulder(肩膀); and walked down the road to his younger brothers house. In the bright moonlight, he could see another 10 coming down the road. He was carrying something on his 11 too.Younger Brother! Simon
39、 cried, What are you doing?I was 12 you, Older Brother, said Victor, Your family is 13 than mine. I thought you needed more rice. “The two brothers quickly 14 that they had been taking rice to each other. They 15 what had happened. It is good to have a brother like you, they both said. And they live
40、d happily ever after. 1. A. dislikedB. hatedC. lovedD. enjoyed2. A. untilB. at C. throughD. with3. A. shopsB. fields C. hospitalsD. factories4. A. neverB. sometimes C. usuallyD. ever5. A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. something6. A. so B. andC. butD. or7. A. HowB. What C. WhyD. Where8. A. smallB. differentC. hugeD. same9. A. planned B. failedC. hopedD. tried10. A. brother B. person C. sisterD. wife11. A. backB. shoulderC. headD. hand12. A. proud of