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1、2022年中考英语语法详解:名词 英语语法基础入门中考网权威发布2022年中考英语语法详解:名词，更多2022年中考英语语法详解:名词相关信息请访问中考网。1. 名词的数概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不行数名词。可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数改变，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。详细规则如下图：规则例词一般
2、状况下加-sapple-apples, ruler-rulers以s, x, ch，sh,结尾的加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-escity-cities, county-countries以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-esknife-knives, leaf-leaves以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoesHero-heroes，Negro-Negroes2)
3、复数的不规则构成法：a.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)b. 熟登记列词的复数改变：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-childrenc. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他状况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl stud
4、ent-two girl students2. 不行数名词：不行数名词没有单复数。如：water, meat, air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。There is little milk at home.The old man has lots of money.2) 若要表示不行数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a pi
5、ece of bread-two pieces of bread2. 专出名词：专出名词是表示特定的人，事物， 地点等，如：Tom, China, the United Kingdom. 专出名词的第一个字母一般大写，大部分专出名词前一般不用冠词。3. 名词的全部格：1. 概述：名词的全部格在句中是表示全部关系，作定语。2. 名词全部格的构成：名词全部格包括 s全部格和of全部格两种形式。无生命的名词的全部格通常用of短语来表示全部关系。如：the name of the school, the window of the house等。s全部格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间，距离，国家等的名
6、词后。构成方法如下：一般干脆在名词后加s. 如：Jims book复数名词的全部格，若以s/es结尾只加撇号，不以s/es结尾仍加s。如：Childrens Day, the teachers office.3)“ and”连接的并列名词的全部格，表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加s; 表示“各自拥有”，两个名词尾都要加s. 如：Jim and Lucys book(共有); Janes and Toms books(不共有)4)表示店铺或某人的家等处所时，常在名词的全部格后省去shop, house, home等。如：the barbers, at my uncles5) 表示时间，距离，国
7、家，城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加s或表示全部格，如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk.4. 双重全部格1)名词双重全部格的含义：of+名词全部格称为双重全部格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。例如：Mr Wang is a friend of my fathers. (=Mr Wang is one of my fathers friends.) 王先生 是我父亲的一个挚友.2)名词双重全部格的构成方法：a. of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词，如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, th
8、ree等。例如：Have you read any stories of Lei Fengs? 你看过雷锋的故事吗?They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我。Three classmates of my sisters have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。b. 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色调。例如：That answer of Jims was right. 吉姆的那个回答是对的。Something is wrong with this eye of min
9、e. 我的这只眼睛出了毛病。c. of后面带有s的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：Thats a book of Lu Xuns. 这是鲁迅的一本书。This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。3)名词的双重全部格与“of + 名词”结构之间的区分：a. 句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：He is a friend of my fathers. (着重说明“父亲”的挚友不止一个)He is a friend of my father. (着重说明“他”是父亲的一个挚友)b. of前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：This is a pictu
10、re of my teachers. 这是我老师保藏的一张照片。This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。实战演练(250)1. June 1st is _ Day all over the world.A. Childs B. Childrens C. Childrens2. September 10th is _ Day in China.A. Teachers B. Teachers C. Teacher3. This is _ news.A. such a good B. a very good C. such good4.What _ i
11、t is!Lets go out to have a picnic.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day5. Tom and I go to school _ every day.A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot6. Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow7. A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germa
12、ns B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen8. That doctor drank two _.A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _.A. Bob mother B. Bobs mothers C. mother of Bob10. The tall man with a big nose is _ classmate.A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carls C. Tom and C
13、arls11.In _ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.A. few year B. a few years C. a few years12. How many _ do you want every month?A. milk B. water C. apples13. Whose is this new bicycle?-Its _.A. Sue and Jims B . Sue and Jim C. Sues and Jims14. Would you like _tea?-No, thanks. Ive drun
14、k two _.A. any; bottles of orange B. a little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange15. How many _ do you want?-Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs16. The bus stop is two _ from our house.A. hours drive B. hours drive C. hour-drive17. Where are you going, Amy?-_.A. To
15、 my uncle B. To my uncles C. At my uncle18. Have you read _?A. a newspaper of todays B. today newspaper C. todays newspaper19. Lucy put a lot of _ in _ of tea.A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and _ are vegetables.A. bananas B. potatoes C. no
16、odles21. Help yourself to some _.-Thank you. I really like them.A. fish B. orange C. cakes22. The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth23. We all had _ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?A. three days holiday B. three days holiday C. three-days holiday24. When autumn comes,
17、_ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leaf B. leave C. leaves25. Tomorrow Im going to my_. Its a _.A aunt.five minutes walk B aunts.five minutes walkC aunts.five minutes walk26. A computer is one of the greatest _in this century.A inventors B inventions C invitations27. We havent _ homew
18、ork to do today.A many B some C much28. Three hours_enough for a_boy to read books.A is.ten-year-old B are.ten-year-old C is.ten-years-old29. _that pair of new_nice?A Is.shoe B Are.shoes C Is.shoes30.Mary, Ive bought many_. Now lets make the birthday cake.A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food31. The
19、two _are my_.A woman doctors. friends B women doctors. friendsC women doctors. friend32. These are_houses.A Lee and my uncle B the Lees and my unclesC theLees and my uncle33. We are_.They are_.A Chinese.Germen B Chinese.GermanC Chinese.Germans34. There _ a pencil and two books on the desk.A. has B.
20、is C.are35. A number of students _ for the school bus now.A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits36. The number of students in the class _ large.A. are B. has C.is37. A _ is used for keeping warm.A. stamp B. scarf C. key38. There is no _ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.A. room B. a room
21、C. rooms39. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathers40. The new student is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three41. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.
22、Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two coffee42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _A. fun B. wishes C. interest43. They are those _ bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors44.- How many students are there in your school?- There are
23、two _.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of45. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subject B. music C. book46. There is not enough _ in the corner for the TV.A. place B. room C. field47. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. l
24、essons C. exercise48. My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A. minute B. minutes C. minutes49. Mum, I have _ to tell you!A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news50. Maths _ not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am参考答案：1-5:BBCCB; 6-10:AACBC; 11-15: BCACC; 16-20:BBCCB; 21-25:CCACC;26-30：BCACA 第15页 共15页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页