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1、此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流小学英语语法大全第一章 名 词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。 它既可以表示具体的东西, 也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:John is a student student是普通名词, John 是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词 the 或不加冠词, 专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词可数名词分为单数和复数。名
2、词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a 或 an 。1)单数如 a desk (一张桌子)an old desk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加 -s如 book-books(书)desk-desks(书桌)2)以 s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加 -es 如 box-boxes(盒子)bus-buses(公共汽车 ) 3) 以辅音字母 + 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加- es 。如 city-cities(城市) country-countries(国家) 注意以元音 +y ,直接加 s。如: day-days(天),boy-boys(男孩) 4
3、) 以 f 或 fe 结尾,复数一般变f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es 如 knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半) 注意有少数词后直接加s,如 roof-roofs (屋顶) 5) 以 o 结尾(1) 辅音字母加 o 结尾名词的加 -es 如 tomato-tomatoes(西红杮 ) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加 o 结尾名词的加 -s 如 piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园 ) photo-photos (照片), kilo-kilos(千克) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - -
4、- - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流不规则变化1) 元音字母发变化。如 man-men(男人) woman-women(妇女) tooth-teeth(牙齿) ,foot-feet(脚) mouse-mice(老鼠) policemanpolicemen(警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。如 child-children(小孩) , ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。如 fish-fish(鱼) ,sheep-sheep(绵羊)
5、 ,deer-deer(鹿) ,Chinese-Chinese(中国人 ) ,yuan-yuan(元) 4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。如 people( 人,人们 ) these people (不说 a people ,可说 a person) police( 公安,警察 ) ten police ( 不说 a police ,可说 a policeman) 注意fish 作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。fishes 指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。hair 和 fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。如 Would you like some mor
6、e fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?China has some good frits. 中国有一些好的水果。 (指种类 ) She has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。His black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。7) 有些名词只有作复数。trousers(裤子) shorts( 短裤) jeans( 工装裤 ) goods 商品clothes 衣服sunglasses(太阳镜 ) surroundings(环境) savings( 储蓄) writings(作品) 集体名词表示一群人或物的名词叫集体( 或集合 ) 名词。T
7、raiffic 交通furniture 家私information 信息traffic 交通 luggage 行李Family 家庭police 警察audience 听众English 英国人public equipment 仪器把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。My family are all workers. 我的家人都是工人。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7
8、页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流不可数名词air 空气bread 面包chalk 粉笔change 零钱cloth 布coffee 咖啡cotton 棉花fire 火food 食品fun 乐趣gas 汽油glass 玻璃grain 谷物grass 草ink 墨水luck 运气meat 肉money 钱music 音乐news 新闻paper 纸tea 茶rain 雨rice 米sand 沙smoke 烟snow 雪sugar 糖waste 废物water 水wealth 财富weather 天气wind 风housework
9、 家务homework 作业量的表达可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰two apples some, a lot of, a few 用等表示多少 some problems 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, a little, a lot of, plenty of 用等表示多少。如 There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。Ill tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。We should collect some useful information我们应该收集一
10、些有用的消息。2) 用单位词表示。用 a . of 表示。a cup of (一杯. ),a bottle of (一瓶 . )a piece of (一张. ),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如 two cups of tea(两杯茶) ,five pieces of paper(五张纸)名词所有格名词所有格表示名词的所属关系。由两种形式构成: s 属格和 of 所有格1表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加s来表示所有关系。a mile s distance 一英里的距离the moons light 月光today s newspa
11、per 今天的报纸但如果该名词是以 -s 或-es 接尾,则只在该名词后加来构成所有格。3 hours walk 三小时的路程two miles distance 两英里的距离精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流2of 所有格用法主要用以表示无生命的名词the gate of the school, he window of the room。3双重所有格所谓 “ 双重所有格(
12、double genitive )” ,是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of 构成的所有格,即“of 名词所有格” 。双重所有格有以下几个特征:1) “of 名词所有格” 中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我们可以说:a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亚的一个戏剧), a friend of my wifes(我妻子的一个朋友), 但却不能说a funnel of the ship s或 a leg of a tables,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。我们可以说:a friend of the doctor s(这位医生的一个朋友),a novel of th
13、e writers(那位作者的一部小说) ,而不能说a friend of a doctors或 a novel of a writers。2)除了修饰的原因外,用双重所有格主要是由于被修饰词有排他性的限定词。如冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等。比如我们不能说an our old acquaintance ,而必须说an old acquaintance of ours (我们的一个老相识) ;不能说many their books ,正确的说法是many books of theirs(他们的许多书) 。再如:This demand of theirs is quite rid
14、iculous他们的这个要求非常可笑。“This foolish wife of mine thinks Im a great artist,” said he “ 我那愚蠢的老婆以为我是个大艺术家。” 他说道。3)注意区别下列四种表达方式含义的差别:one of my brothers friends(明确表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)a friend of my brothers(暗示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)a friend of my brother (对我兄弟有好感的人)my brother s friend (我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友)4特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有,
15、则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。例如:The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alices mother那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。You should find what the difference between Mr Smiths and Mr Black s cars is精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档
16、仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流你应当发现史密斯先生与布莱克先生的汽车的不同之处。一、把单数变成复数coat _ skirt _ dress _ house _ watch _ car _ brush _ box _ toy _ umbrella _ ticket _ fox_ teacher _ son _ student _ job _ fly _ radio_ life_ shelf_ piano_ sheep_ foot_ child_ Chinese_ baby_ country_ bus_ photo_ she_ this_ is_ 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空
17、。1. We are _ (student). 2. I have five _ (watch). 3. Her father is a _ (doctor). 4. What s your _ (job)?5. What are their _ (job)? 6. These _ (shelf) are not very good. 7. Two _ (wolf) are in the forest. 8. The _ (housewife) are very lazy. 9. I have two _ (knife). Do you need one? 10. There is a _ (
18、hero). 11. This _ (potato) is very nice. 12. There is a red _ (tomato) on the table. 13. We have four _ (piano) in our school 三、选择填空( ) 1. The _ are on the table. A. knife B. knifes C. knives ( ) 2. We need three more _ to cook chips. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes ( ) 3. What big _ the tiger has!
19、 A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth ( ) 4. Please remember to give the horse some_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf ( ) 5. There are 34 _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. womans teachers ( ) 6、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a
20、 photo D. is photos ( )7. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans ( )8. That s art book. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流A. an B
21、. a C. the D are ( )9. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish ( )10. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches ( )11. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B.we tooths C. us teeth D.our teeth ( )12. In Britain _ are all pain
22、ted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box ( )13.The _reading-room is big and bright. A.student s B.students s C.students D.student ( )14.The teacher give the pupils_. A.some advice B.some advices C.many advice D.many advices ( )15.He has _. A.two bread B.two pieces of bread
23、C.two piece of bread D.two pieces of breads ( )16.Some fish _swimming. A.is B .are C.I D .be ( )17.I am buying _trousers. A.a B.two C. a pair of D.two pair of ( )18.This is _. A.Tom and Bob s B.Tom and Bob C.Tom s and Bob s D.Tom s and Bob( )19.The news _good. A.is B.are C.no D.not ( )20. What are_?
24、They are apples. A.you B.this C.these D.there 四、写出下列句子的复数句子。1. This is my friend. _ 2 That is his brother. _ 3. Is this your sister? _ 4. Is that her cousin? _ 5. Whats this?_ 6. This is an apple tree. _ 7. It is an old backpack. 8. Yes,it is. 五、用 a/an 填空:1.Is there _ umbrella on the desk? 2.There i
25、s _ island in the sea. 3.There is _ picture on the card. 4.I have _ old book. 5._ apple is a kind of fruit. 6.There is _ armchair in the living room. 7.Id like _ egg. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 此文档仅供收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流8.Loo
26、k, there is _ bird in the tree. 9.Is there _ map on the walll? 10.There is _ bench in the park 六、从所给的单词中选出恰当的词填空cup piece pair glass bowl plate box bottle 1.a _of paper 2.a _of milk 3.two_of shoes 4.a _of rice 5.two_ of bread 6.three_of water 7.a _of tea 8.ten_of pencils 七、翻译1.四条鱼_ 2.五块面包_ 3.我妹妹的一张相片_ 4.Tom 的自行车_ 5.女孩们的玩具_ 6.儿童节_ 7.两盒子书_ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -