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1、1 2345CPRAirway ClearanceBreathingChest Compression67Animal BitesBites by snakes,dogs or cats,should be sucked out immediately if they can be reached,by either the victim himself or by a friend.The mouth of the one who performs this operation must not contain wounds or abrasions and should be thorou
2、ghly cleansed with water after each withdrawal of blood.The wound,if necessary,should cleansed with dilute lemon juice.Immediately after this there should be applied a wet bandage or wet pack医医 湿裹法湿裹法.89triangular bandage 10Burned by flamesBurned by hot objectsBurned by hot liquidsBurned by chemical
3、sExcessive sun exposureContact with electricity11 The best way to extinguish the fire is to throw oneself prone upon the ground and smother the flames by rolling.Rugs,blankets,pieces of clothing or any other material within reach may be used by the victim of the accident or by those who are trying t
4、o aid him,to smother and to extinguish the flames.12 In cases of very extensive burns or scalds,immersion under water of body temperature or slightly below,has been found very beneficial.In such cases the patient may remain suspended under water in a hammock for days or weeks at a time until the sor
5、es are healed sufficiently to allow exposure to the air.13In case of choke caused by extensive burns Burning of the eyes and face by strong acids,fresh slaked lime熟石灰,etc.,is best treated by the immediate application of the olive oil and baking soda小苏打 mixture.141516 Electric shock is injury caused
6、by an electrical current passing through the body.The electricity may be atmospheric(lightning)or man-made(high-voltage transmission and low-voltage lines).Possible injuries include burns and physiological disturbances,which may range from a minor burn to death in severe cases.17Immediate treatment
7、consists of:separating the victim from the current source,re-establishing vital functions and providing supportive care as required.18Shutting off the current source,if this can be done rapidly,is the best method(e.g.throwing a circuit breaker or switch).Breaking contact between the victim and the c
8、urrent source can be done either by shutting off the current or by removing the person from contact with it.19 Check for heartbeat and breathing.Feel for a pulse along the neck,under the earlobe,on the chest or on the wrist.Watch the rise and fall of the chest to see if the person is breathing.If th
9、ere is no heartbeat and no breathing,do CPR.(See CPR).Get Emergency Care.If there is a heartbeat,but no breathing,immediately start rescue breathing.(See Airway and Breathing.)Get Emergency Care.20Infants and children frequently choke as the result of swallowing small play things or other foreign ob
10、jects.Adults may choke from getting fish bones stuck in their throats or trying to swallow large pieces of meat.21First Aid for a Choking Infant1.DO NOT perform these steps if the infant is coughing forcefully or has a strong cry“either of which can dislodge the object on its own.2.Lay the infant fa
11、ce down,along your forearm.Use your thigh or lap for support.Hold the infants chest in your hand and jaw with your fingers.Point the infants head downward,lower than the body.3.Give up to 5 quick,forceful blows between the infants shoulder blades.Use the heel of your free hand.22First Aid for a Chok
12、ing AdultAsk the victim,“Are you choking?”If the victim can talk or cough,the airway is not completely blocked.Encourage the victim to try to cough out the object.If the victim cant talk or cough,then the airway is blocked.1.Stand behind the victim.Wrap your arms around the victims abdomen(or chest,
13、if the victim is heavyset or pregnant).2.Make a fist and place it between the victims sternum and navel,with the thumb side facing the victim.3.With your other hand,grasp the hand thats formed into a fist.Thrust your hands quickly inward and upward to expel the object.23Muscle StrainSun StrokeBone F
14、racture24Unit Nine First AidWord Pretest1.B panic:恐慌,惊慌 be in a panic cause a panic feel panic 2.A smother:vt 使窒息,使透不过气来,把.闷死;闷熄,闷住(火),扼杀;抑制,忍住;遮掩 e.g.a grave smothered in flowers Dont put that cloth over the babys face,youll smother him!25We tried to smother our laughter.smother up a scandal 3.C re
15、sume:vt 恢复;重新占用 重新开始;(经打断后)再继续 取收回 e.g.resume traffic resume ones spirit 重新振作 resume ones seat resume lost territory 4.B obstruct:阻塞；妨碍妨碍;阻挠;(给.)设置障碍 e.g.to obstruct a road to obstruct a plan 26obstruct somebody in from doing something n.阻碍物,障碍物 5.B tilt:vt,vi（使）倾斜；（使）翘起 e.g.tilt a chair backward n.
16、倾斜；斜坡；坡度 e.g.(at)full tilt 以全速；以全力6.B7.B exhale:vt 呼(气)放出(蒸汽);发出(气味),发泄(怒气)e.g.inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes,cigars,pipes278.A slap:vt 拍；掌击 e.g.slap in the face(slap on the back 鼓励)slap around 打击,粗暴地对待 slap down 啪的一声放下.;把.重重地放下 镇压,压制;拒绝 slap together 草率建造,拼凑 slap into迎面相撞 The car ran slap
17、into the shop window.n.一拍,一巴掌,击拍声 e.g.He gave her a slap on the cheek.a slap in the eye face 公然侮辱打耳光;突如其来的责备打击289.C compress:vt 压浓缩；缩短 扼要叙述 镇压 press two months work into one Can you compress your speech into five minutes?10.B crack:vi,vt 发出劈啪的响声 断裂;裂开 身体垮掉,精神衰退 e.g.The vase cracked when it dropped.O
18、il is cracked by heating under pressure.石油在一定压力下加热分解。29Useful Phrases:crack open 啪地一声打开crack up(身体或精神)垮下来,不行了in a crack 口片刻间,转眼间the crack of doom 世界末日,最后审判日的雷声crack back 美俚回嘴,反驳30Useful Phrases Used in First Aidrender first aiddrown in ones own salivachoke on ones own tongueroll somebody on the groundput direct pressure on the woundplace somebody on his/her backpinch the nostril closeddeliver four firm slaps between the shoulder bladeskneel alongside the victimapply a cool cloth to the forehead31