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1、1Travel guide总面积达122万平方公里的西藏占有“世界屋脊”之称的西藏内接新疆，青海，四川和云南，外连印度，缅甸，不丹，锡金和尼泊尔。全国地域的12.8%。Tibet(Xizang),theRoofoftheworld,bordersXinjiang,QinghaiSichuanandYunnanintarnallywhileIndia,Burma,Bhutan,Sikkim,andNepalmeetitsexternalborders.Itcoversamassive1,220,000squarekilometers,whichisabout12.8%ofthewholeofCh
2、ina.2雪域圣地，人间天堂！shrineinsnowland,heavenonearth西藏灵魂归属的地方！Tibethomeforyoursoul!西藏最接近天堂的地方！Tibetthenearestplacetotheparadise!Tibetaheavennearby!Tibetyournearestheaven!Travel guide3Food to eat青稞酒：chang酸奶：concretionaryyoghurt藏面：Tibetannoodles古突：GUTU(boileddoughball)“呀！在新一年的十二个月三百六十五天里，我心上的苦难和身上的病痛以及一切邪气和晦
3、气都请你带到大海的对岸。”4Things to buy藏红花藏红花1.Stigma Croci（有污迹的橘（有污迹的橘黄色）黄色）2.（英）（英）Saffron别名番红花或西红花。功能活血化瘀，凉血解毒，解郁安神。用于经闭症瘕、产后瘀阻、温毒发斑、忧郁痞闷、惊悸发狂。5Things to buy冬虫夏草冬虫夏草1.Aweto2.Cordyceps3.Winterwormsummerherb4.Chinesecaterpillar(毛虫)fungus(真菌)6Things to buy藏刀藏刀藏语：巴当末（长剑），结刺（腰刀），折刀（正式）翻译：ThebroadswordSwordorknife
4、？Tibetansword7Things to buy西藏地毯西藏地毯Tibetan Carpet8布达拉宫始为公元637年松赞干布为文成公主所建。十七世纪五世达赖喇嘛时期重建后，成为历代达赖喇嘛的住息地和政教合一的中心。主体建筑分白宫和红宫，主楼十三层，高115米，由寝宫、佛殿、僧舍等组成。宫内珍藏大量佛像、壁画、经典等文物，这一民族文化艺术瑰宝，被这一民族文化艺术瑰宝，被列入国家级文物保护单位和列入国家级文物保护单位和世界世界文化遗产名录文化遗产名录。Place to go9ThefirstPotalaPalacewasbuiltin637bytheTibetanking,Songtsen
5、Gampo，asapresentforhisbridePrincessWenChengoftheTangDynastyofChina.ThefifthDalaiLamastartedtheconstructionofthemodernPotalaPalaceinthe17thcentury,whichthenbecametheresidenceandpolityoftheDalaiLama.(polityofficeforbothpolityandreligoun）政教合一：UnificationofthestateandthechurchPlace to go布达拉宫始为公元637年松赞干布
6、松赞干布为文文成公主成公主所建。十七世纪五世达赖喇嘛时期重建后，成为历代达赖喇嘛的住息地和政教合一的中心。10PotalaiscomposedofWhitePalaceandRedPalace.Themainpalaceis115meters(13floors)inheight,consistingofimperialrestingplace(imperialburialplaceormausoleum)，buddhahall,dormitoriesformonksandect.Place to go主体建筑分白宫和红宫，主楼十三层，高115米，由寝宫、佛殿、僧舍等组成。11Themassiv
7、ejoss(figureoftheBuddha),frescoandotherrelicslikesutra(theBuddhistScripture)isthetreasureofnationscultureandart,whichisrecordedintothestate-levelculturalrelicsprotectionunitsandthecatalogueoftheWorldCulturalHeritageList.Place to go宫内珍藏大量佛像，壁画、经典等文物，这一民族文化艺术瑰这一民族文化艺术瑰宝，被列入国家级文宝，被列入国家级文物保护单位和物保护单位和世界世
8、界文化遗产名录文化遗产名录。12位于西藏自治区的纳木错湖面海拔4718米，面积1920平方公里，是西藏自治区最大的湖泊，中国第二大咸水湖，也是世界上海拔最高的大湖.据记载，由于纳木错如天般蓝，又称为“天湖”。Place to go13TheNamtsoislocatedintheTibetAutonomousRegion（TAR）ofChina.Withanelevationof4,718mandasurfaceareaofapproximately1,920sqkm,NamtsoisthebiggestlakeintheTARandalsothesecondlargestsaltlakein
9、Chinaandthehighestlakeintheworld.Aswaswritteninsomehistoricaldocuments,thelakeisasblueasthesky,thusthelakeisalsocalledTianLake(literally,SkyLake).Place to go位于西藏自治区的纳木错湖面海拔4718米，面积1920平方公里，是西藏自治区最大的湖泊，中国第二大咸水湖，也是世界上海拔最高的大湖.据记载，由于纳木错如天般蓝，又称为“天湖天湖”。141516171819Are you ready?TibetHere we go!20一、一、Geogr
10、aphy OverviewGeography Overview二、二、National CultureNational Culture21一、一、Geography Geography 1 1 Tibet lies on the Qinghai-Tibet Tibet lies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the southwest border of Plateau of the southwest border of China.Tibet(Xi Zang in Chinese)is China.Tibet(Xi Zang in Chinese)is t
11、o the south of Xin Jiang Uygur to the south of Xin Jiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qing Hai Autonomous Region and Qing Hai Province,to the west of Sichuan,to Province,to the west of Sichuan,to the northwest of Yunnan and to the the northwest of Yunnan and to the north of India and Nepal.Its north
12、of India and Nepal.Its population of 2.3 million people population of 2.3 million people come from a variety of ethnic groups come from a variety of ethnic groups including Tibetan,Han,Monba and including Tibetan,Han,Monba and Lhota.Its capital city is LhasaLhota.Its capital city is Lhasa 22Roof of
13、the worldThe average height of the whole region is more than 4,000 meters above sea level,for which Tibet is known as Roof of the World.The highest peak of Tibet,also the highest in Himalayas and in the whole world,is Everest Peak,which is as high as 8,846.27 meters above sea level。23PlantPlant Tibe
14、t is a huge plant kingdom,at the same time,it is also one of the largest forest areas,maintaining the integrity of forests.More rare animals in Tibet,the province has 11 nature reserves:water,geothermal and solar energy,wind energy。24CultureCulture西藏的民居25Ciba is the main agricultural areas of Tibeta
15、n food,made with barley and peas polished,pastoral areas of the staple food for the beef and mutton,butter tea is an essential daily drink of Tibetan people26Although a part of China,Tibet has a unique culture of all there own.It is mainly inhabited by Tibetans,a minority nationality of old and myst
16、erious people2、西藏的服饰27Nearly all Tibetans follow Tibetan Buddhism,known as Lamaism,with the exception of approximately 2,000 followers of Islam and 600 of Catholicism.Tibetan Buddhism was greatly influenced by Indian Buddhism in its early time,but after years of evolution,Tibetan Buddhism has develo
17、ped its own distinctive qualities and practices.A well-known example is the belief that there is a Living Buddha,who is the reincarnation of the first,a belief alien to Chinese Buddhism.2829Lhasa.NowLhasa Old3031Tibetanmastiff3233Humanlandscape34 The Potala The Potala（布达拉宫）（布达拉宫）The The Potala Potal
18、a Palace Palace is is an an immense immense structure,structure,its its interior interior space space being being in in excess excess of of 130,000 130,000 square square meters.meters.Fulfilling Fulfilling numerous numerous functions,functions,the the Potala Potala was was first first and and foremo
19、st foremost the the residence residence of of the the Dalai Dalai Lama Lama and and his his large large staff.staff.In In addition,addition,it it was was the the seat seat of of Tibetan Tibetan government,government,where where all all ceremonies ceremonies of of state state were were held;held;it i
20、t housed housed a a school school for for religious religious training training of of monks monks and and administrators;administrators;and and it it was was one one of of Tibets Tibets major major pilgrimage pilgrimage destinations destinations because because of of the the tombs tombs of of past p
21、ast Dalai Dalai Lamas.Lamas.Within Within the the White White Palace Palace are are two two small small chapels,chapels,the the Phakpa Phakpa Lhakhang Lhakhang and and the the Chogyal Chogyal Drubphuk;Drubphuk;dating dating from from the the seventh seventh century,century,these these chapels chapel
22、s are are the the oldest oldest surviving surviving structures structures on on the the hill hill and and also also the the most most sacred.sacred.The The Potalas Potalas most most venerated venerated statue,statue,the the Arya Arya Lokeshvara,Lokeshvara,is is housed housed inside inside the the Ph
23、apka Phapka Lhakhang,Lhakhang,and and it it draws draws thousands thousands of of Tibetan pilgrims each day.Tibetan pilgrims each day.35Potala Palace 36373839Lhasa404142JOKHANG Temple43 Jokhang Jokhang TempleTemple（大昭寺）The The Jokhang Jokhang Temple Temple-constructed constructed in in the the 7th 7
24、th century century AD AD to to house house the the statues statues of of Buddha Buddha that that princesses princesses Bhrikuti Bhrikuti from from Nepal Nepal and and Wen Wen Cheng Cheng from from Tang Tang Dynasty Dynasty China China brought brought as as gifts gifts for for their their future futu
25、re husband,husband,King King Songtsan Songtsan Gampo.Gampo.The The temple temple has has been been enlarged enlarged many many times times over over the the centuries centuries and and now now also also houses houses statues statues of of King King Songtsan Songtsan Gambo Gambo and and his his two t
26、wo famous famous foreign foreign brides.brides.However,However,the the original original statue statue of of Jowo Jowo Sakyamuni Sakyamuni Buddha Buddha that that Princess Princess Wen Wen Cheng Cheng brought brought from from Changan Changan over over 1300 1300 years years ago ago is is definitely
27、definitely its its most most sacred sacred and and famous famous possession,possession,and and is is perhaps perhaps the the most most venerated venerated religious religious artifact artifact in in all all of of Tibet.Tibet.The The temple,temple,a a splendid splendid four-floor four-floor building
28、building facing facing west west under under a a guilded guilded rooftop,rooftop,is is located located on on Barkhor Barkhor Square Square in the center of the old section of Lhasa.in the center of the old section of Lhasa.444546474849 BarkhorBarkhor（八角街）（八角街）The Barkhor is essentially a pilgrim cir
29、cuit which is followed clockwise round the periphery of the Jokhang.It is also a hive of market activity,an astounding jamboree,a Tibetan-style stock exchange.All round the circuit are shops,stalls,teahouses and hawkers.There is a wide variety of items to gladden a Tibetan heart-prayer flags,block p
30、rints of the holy scriptures,earrings,Tibetan boots,Nepalese biscuits,puffed rice,yak butter and incense.5051525354ShigatseShigatse（日喀则（日喀则）Shigatse was previously known as Samdruptse and the once-imposing Shigatse Dzong,or fort,(dismantled during the popular uprising of 1959),was the seat of the ki
31、ngs of-Tsang and the capital of the province of-Tsang or Tsang.In the 19th century the Tashi or Panchen Lama had temporal power over Tashilhunpo Monastery and three small districts,though not over the town of Shigatse itself,which was administered by two Dzongpn(Prefects)appointed from Lhasa.There w
32、ere two Dzongpns for every Dzong-a lama(Tse-dung)and a layman.They were entrusted with both civil and military powers and are equal in all respects,though subordinate to the generals and the Chinese Amban in military matters.5556 GyantseGyantse（江（江孜）孜）Situated at the juncture of Lhasa,Shigatse and Y
33、atung,Gyantse has always been considered a place of great strategic importance.It became particularly famous after the bloody 1904 battle fought by the Tibetans in resisting Young husbands Expedition.Remnants of the battle and a hollow made by a cannon ball can still be seen on the perimeter walls o
34、f the Dzong Ford.The kumbum Pagoda in the Palcho Monastery is a spectacular architecture of the 15th century.575859606162NamtsoNamtso（纳木错）（纳木错）Generally the period from March to October is the best time to visit Tibet.Since Lhasa is located at such a high altitude it is wise to be prepared before st
35、arting your journey.Generally speaking,due to the large temperature differences during any given day in Tibet,warm clothes should be taken to keep away the cold.However,because it also receives a great deal of sunshine,sunglasses,suntan oil,and a sun hat are indispensable items if youre traveling an
36、ywhere in Tibet.6364TashilhunpoTashilhunpo（扎什伦布寺）（扎什伦布寺）It is the seat of the Panchen Lama,founded in 1447 by Gedun-Drup,the first incarnation of the Dalai Lama and the disciple of Tsongkapa.It is the largest monastery in Shigatse proper,which once housed 3800 monks.Apart from a giant statue of the
37、Maitreya Buddha(nearly 27 meters high)in the temple of the Maitreya,the monastery is also famed for its Grand hall with its opulent bomb(containing 85kg of gold and masses of jewels)of the 4th Panchen Lama.The First Dalai Lama,is a historic and culturally important monastery next to Shigatse,the sec
38、ond-largest city in Tibet.It was sacked when the Gurkhas invaded Tibet and captured Shigatse in 1791 before a combined Tibetan and Chinese army drove them back as far as the outskirts of Kathmandu,when they were forced to agree to keep the peace in future,pay tribute every five years,and return what
39、 they had looted from Tashilhunpo.The monastery is the traditional seat of successive Panchen Lamas,the second highest ranking tulku lineage in the Gelukpa tradition.The Tashi or Panchen Lama had temporal power over three small districts,though not over the town of Shigatse itself,which was administ
40、ered by a dzongpn(prefect)appointed from Lhasa.Located on a hill in the center of the city,the full name in Tibetan of the monastery means:all fortune and happiness gathered here or heap of glory.6566676869Yarlung valleyYarlung valley（雅鲁藏布大峡谷）（雅鲁藏布大峡谷）Namcha Namcha Barwa Barwa is is considered consi
41、dered one one of of Tibets Tibets most most inaccessible inaccessible peaks.peaks.Beautiful Beautiful to to behold behold in in its its impenetrable impenetrable serenity,serenity,it it still still remains remains the the highest highest unclimbed unclimbed peak peak of of the the Himalayas.Himalaya
42、s.The The bulk bulk of of its its massif massif causes causes the the East East flowing flowing Tsangpo Tsangpo River,River,the the highest highest flowing flowing river river in in the the world,world,to to make make a a huge huge loop loop around around the the mountain mountain to to flow flow so
43、uthward southward into into India India where where it it becomes becomes the the mighty mighty westward westward flowing flowing Brahmaputra.Brahmaputra.Beginning Beginning in in Lhasa Lhasa and and taking taking in in a a preliminary preliminary route route through through Samye Samye and and Tsed
44、ang,Tsedang,we we follow follow the the course course of of the the Tsangpo Tsangpo close close to to the the disputed disputed Indian Indian border border area area to to arrive arrive at at the the village village of of Lusha Lusha near near the the big big bend bend in in the the river.river.Pass
45、ing Passing through through villages villages of of the the Loba Loba people people(a(a Tibetan Tibetan minority minority group),group),we we make make our our ways ways through through the the forested forested region region of of Pei Pei to to the the Namcha Namcha Barwa Barwa Base Base Camp.Camp.
46、The The relatively relatively low low altitude altitude of of the the base base camp camp area area(1600m.)(1600m.)affords affords astounding astounding views views of of the the vertical vertical snow snow capped capped peak of Namcha Barwa(7756m.)peak of Namcha Barwa(7756m.)707172 TIPS TO GIVE1.Yo
47、u need to apply for the travel permit at least 10 days prior to your entry date,which means you should prepare all the information and documents in hand before this period of time.2.Those people who have high blood pressure,heart disease,asthma are not suited to Tibet.3.As the Tibet is located in Ti
48、betan Plateau,please bear in mind:walk slowly and less open your mouth,more sleep,do not drink alcohol,and be careful to prevent a cold.4.We do suggest casual attire and layered clothing.In the day time you may need only a T-shirt or at most a jacket,but at night you may need a coat.73 Tips to Avoid
49、 AMSTips to Avoid AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness)(Acute Mountain Sickness)1.No nerves and keep the good spirit.2.Avoid catching a cold.3.Make sure you have a good sleep before flying to Lhasa.4.Youd better not to take any activities for the first day in Tibet.5.After getting off your airplane at the airport,walk slowly,take some deep breath.Do not do anything severely.6.Ascend to higher altitude gradually.Do not ascend any higher if you feel bad.7.Prepare some AMS pills according to your doctors suggestion74