《必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance(讲)知识精讲——2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(译林牛津2020)(学案).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance(讲)知识精讲——2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(译林牛津2020)(学案).docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance核心词汇精讲核心词汇-1. harm(P1)【知识要点】harm n.& v.伤害harmful adj.伤害的harmless adj.无害的相关短语和句型do/cause harm to sb.=do sb. harm=be harmful to sb.给某人造成伤害harm/be harmful to ones image/reputation损害某人的形象/名声mean no harm无恶意There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处【即时巩
2、固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词Such laws could protect the consumer from _ or dangerous remedies.Although this radiation may be _ _ our bodies, it can severely inhibit our ability to receive and transmit information.He may look fierce, but he _ no harm.Not only does chatting in class affect their own study, bu
3、t also it will do harm _ others.完成句子从那以后，他没有受到任何伤害。_ him ever since.他们通常不会雇用未经训练的工人，但试试运气也无妨。They dont usually employ untrained workers, but _ your fortune.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。As is known to all, _.核心词汇-2. length(P2)【知识要点】 length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长lengthen v.使延长，加长，延长，变长long adj. (长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的相
4、关短语in length长度at length最后，终于；详细地at arms length保持一定距离，疏远，在手臂伸得到的地方【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词She goes to extraordinary _ to keep her private life private.Vacations have _ and the work week has shortened.There was a _ silence before she spoke.The work was not easy to finish, but he managed to complete it
5、 _ _. The room he has just rent is about 9 meters _ _ and 3 meters wideA passer-by who happened to see the traffic accident was taken to the police station to describe it _ _.Youareagirlandyoushouldkeepboys_ _ _.核心词汇-3. variety (P3)【知识要点】 variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(pl:varieties)vary v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多
6、样化various adj.不同的，各种各样的相关短语vary from.to.从到变化，因不同而不同/而异vary in在方面变化/各不相同vary with随而变化a variety of，the varieties of种种的，各种各样的a variety of名词，作主语时，动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of名词，意为“的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。the varieties of名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词He took the job for _ reasons.The bookstore
7、is so large that there are a _ of books in it.The crop scientists found the _ of wheat restricted not only by the type of soil but also by the climate.Opinions on this matter _ _ person _ person. The price of tomatoes _ _ the season.The goods in the supermarket vary _ size, colour and price.Try to _
8、 the childrens school life so that they wont get bored._ variety of his books have been published and _ variety of his writings is surprising.核心词汇-4. mass(P3)【知识要点】 mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群(pl: masses)adj.大批的，广泛的massive adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的相关短语a mass/masses of大量the mass of大多数注意：在“the mass of名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词
9、与of后面的名词保持数的一致。在“a mass/masses of名词”作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。【即时巩固】用该词条或所给词的恰当形式填空或填上恰当的词I think thats going to be a _ thing, at least here in New York.The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land _ as far south as Newfoundland.The mass of people
10、in that region _ (be)fond of peace.There _ (be) _ mass of dark clouds in the sky today.There _ (be) _ of dark clouds in the sky today.核心词汇-5. survive(P3)【知识要点】 survive vi.生存，存活survival n.生/幸存，残存物survivor n.生存者，幸存者相关短语survive from.从中幸存survive on/by靠维持生活/生存survive sb. by(+多长时间)比某人多活多长时间【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式
11、填空或填上恰当的词Exporting is necessary for our economic _.Therere only a few _ from the original team.She told the reporter that she had to survive _ little food during the days when she was buried. Mr. Smith survived the accident, but his wife died and he survived her _ five years.That is why many great c
12、ompanies can rapidly issue new products to survive _ the competitive market.完成句子这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者。The little girl was _ the strong earthquake.我们试图靠自己生存。We are trying _.全球变暖对像北极熊等动物的生存构成了严重威胁。Global warming has posed _ of animals such as polar bears.这对夫妇在事故中幸存下来，但他们是仅有的两名幸存者。他们为自己的幸存感到幸运。他们主要靠丈夫的收入生活
13、。最后，丈夫比妻子多活了10年。The couple _ the accident, but they were the only two _. They felt lucky for their _. They survived mainly _ the husbands income. Finally, the husband _ his wife _ 10 years.核心词汇-6. damage(P3)【知识要点】 damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏关于damage,destroy, hurt, ruin等词的区别参看必修二Unit 4核心词汇-9. destroy。相
14、关短语do/cause/result in damage to .对造成损害/损失/导致对的损害/损失damage ones health损害某人的健康suffer damage(from .)受到/遭受(的)损害【单句填空】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词：The military basein Okinawa was severely _ in the tsunami.It was in the village where he was brought up that an earthquake happened, _ serious damage.Irresponsible use
15、of a fire extinguisher could result _ damage _ personal property.Our camping trip was _ by the heavy rain brought by the typhoon that mercilessly _ several coastal cities and left tens of thousands of people homeless.When he took a deep breath after exercising, he felt his chest _, so he went to the
16、 doctor.完成句子虚假广告欺骗消费者，因此对他们的合法权利和利益造成了损害。False advertisements play tricks on consumers, _ their legal rights and interests.他建议我买一部新手机，因为旧的那部已经损坏得无法修理了。He suggested me buy a new phone because the old one _.不可否认，吸毒严重损害了休斯顿的嗓音，毁掉了她的生活。There is no denying that it was drug use that badly _.强台风的袭击会使这些平台遭受
17、不同程度的损伤，甚至毁坏。 These platforms _ various degree _ the super typhoon and _.核心词汇-7. application(P6)【知识要点】application n.应用，运用，申请apply v.应用，运用，申请applicant n.申请人相关短语applyto将运用到apply for申请得到apply to do sth申请做某事apply to.for向申请(得到)apply oneself to/apply ones mind to专心/致力于，专心从事【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词_(apply)
18、yourself to the job in hand, youll soon finish it._(apply)to the job in hand, youll soon finish it.He applied _ the position as a senior administrator of the department, but his _(apply)was not approved.To apply for the post, _ are supposed to meet the following requirements.Shesaidshewouldapply _th
19、edepartment _a computer.While you are at work, applyyour _toyourwork.完成句子你不应该向公司申请这个职位。You shouldnt _.我们老师被鼓励把现代科技应用到课堂教学中去。We teachers are encouraged _.如果你不专心致志工作，你总有一天会被甩在后面。If you dont _, you will be left behind one day.核心词汇-8. protest(P11)【知识要点】 protest /prtest/ vi.反对，抗议vt.坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对 protest
20、er n.抗议者相关短语protest about/against/at=make a protest against对提出抗议without protest心甘情愿地，一声不吭地under protest不情愿地，极不乐意地【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词_set cars on fire and burned a building.Some consumers protested _ the bad service in the shop.=Some consumers made a protest _ the bad service in the shop.All the
21、 leaders here like him because he is a person who is willing to carry out orders _.The children will go to bed on Christmas Eve _ _.核心词汇-9. profit(P11)【知识要点】 profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处profitable adj.有利可图的，有益的non-profit adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的相关短语(be)profitable for适合于make a profit = make profits 获利
22、profit from/by.从中受益/靠获利profit sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有用/有利【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词Over the years it has developed into a highly _ business.Most of that money goes to _ organizations that run programmes for the poor.The shops daily _ is usually around 500 dollars.Exercise is _ _ people of all ages.In re
23、cent years many football clubs have been run as business to _ _ _/ _ _.It might _ you to learn about the company before your interview.All children can _ _ these stories.核心词汇-10. defence/defense(P11)【知识要点】defence /dfens/ (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守defend v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫defendant n.被告(人
24、)defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的相关短语defend oneself by.通过辩解/自卫/保护自己defend.against/from.保卫免受的伤害come to sbs defence来保护某人in defence of.保卫/保护()；(为)辩护【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词Like their children, parents are often _ about their private lives.Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came
25、to her _.We said much in _ of his action.This _ is charged with murder.Everyoneshouldlearnhowtodefend _ _thelawfulmeans.The fort cannot be defended _ an air attack.核心词汇-11. consequence(P13)【知识要点】consequence n.结果，后果；重要性consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地相关短语：as a consequence=in conse
26、quence=as a result因此，结果in consequence of=as a consequence of由于的缘故，因而，因此deal with/take/face/suffer the consequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果of no/little consequence无足轻重的，不重要的【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词 My car broke down and _ I was late.This is an example of how the abuse of public trust in the media can have ser
27、ious _.They attach importance to things that are _ no _.As _ _ _ all his hard training, Paul was able to take the lead in the race.Allen was found guilty and lost his job _ _ _ it.He fell from the bike and broke his leg. _ _ /_ _ _, he will have to be away from school for two or three months.经典句型研读1
28、.“倍数关系”表达句型【原句呈现】With an area of around 5. 5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(P1 Lines5-7)亚马孙雨林面积约550万平方千米，是中国国土面积的 一半以上。【知识要点】本句中使用了“倍数关系”表达方式：A is+倍数+the weight/height/length/width/size.+of B，表示“在体重/高度/长度/宽度/大小上，A是B的几倍”。其他常用倍数关系句型：Abe倍数形容词比较级tha
29、nB；Abe倍数as形容词原级asB，在形容词比较级前，还可以用over, more than 等表示“比倍还要多”；Abe倍数(asas)what引导的名词性从句。【完成句子】轻度至中度吸烟者死于突发心脏病的可能性比从不吸烟人的多两倍。Light-to-moderate smokers were _ to die of sudden heart problems than those who had never smoked.这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2021年建成的那条路的三倍多。The new road built in this month is _ of the old one t
30、hat was built in 2021.Ten years ago the population of our village was _ of theirs.尼罗河比地球上其它任何河流都长。The Nile River is _ in the world.中国的天气比美国热。The weather in China is different from _.据说这家发电厂是它过去的两倍大。Its said that the power plant is now _.2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句【原句呈现】The Amazon River, from which the rainfo
31、rest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in lengtharound 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(P2 Lines 7-9)亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。【知识要点】from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length是非限制性定语从句，为先行项The Amazon River补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。介词
32、+关系代词引导的定语从句的基本形式是：介词(介词短语)+关系代词。其常见的变式有：不定代词介词关系代词the名词介词关系代词(有变形) 数词介词关系代词the形容词比较级(最高级)介词关系代词介词whose名词介词which名词介词where名词【完成句子】所有的学生都到田里去照看小树，大雨对它们已经造成了巨大的损害。All the students went to the fields to take care of the little trees, _ by the heavy rain.最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。At last we reached a lon
33、ely village, _.那个飞行员和军事基地失去了联系，结果飞机在沙漠里坠毁了。The pilot lost control with the military base, _ the plane crashed in the desert.朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。Julie was good at German, French and Russian, _ she spoke fluently.其墙面被漆成为淡绿色那座新建的咖啡屋，对我们来说，特别是辛劳以后，真是个祥和的地方。The newly built caf, the walls of _ are paint
34、ed light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.在我们班上，有46名同学，其中一半来自于农村。In our class, there are 46 students, _ come from the countryside.这个住宅区大约住有一千人，其中许多人为了更加美好的生活而离开他们的村庄来到这座城市的。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, _ left their village homes for a better life
35、in the city.有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.我要感谢多丽丝教授，没有她的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的进步的。I want to thank Professor Doris, _ I couldnt have made so much progress.从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这(4年)期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席。Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003
36、, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. 他躲在门后面，从门后面他可以看到发生的事情。He was hiding behind the door _ he could see what was happening.3.wish +虚拟语气的宾语从句【原句呈现】I wish we could also do something to help.(P6)我希望我们也能帮点忙。 【知识要点】本句中的could不表示过去，而是一种虚拟语气；动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，具体分以下三种情况：对现在
37、的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：过去式(连系动词be用were)对将来的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：would/could/might+动词原形对过去的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：had+过去分词I wish I were a bird flying high in the sky. (对现在的虚拟)我希望我是一只高飞在天空的鸟。I wish you would not be stubborn any more. (对将来的虚拟)我希望你以后不再固执。I wish I had followed your advice in the last competition. (对过去的虚拟)我真希望在上次比赛中我采纳了你
38、的建议。 【完成句子】村里的社交生活很好，我希望能再有机会多参与其中。There is a good social life in the village, and _ to become more involved.昨天我去电影院之前要是读那本电影的原著就好了。_ from which the film was made before I went to the cinema yesterday.我多么希望每个家庭都能拥有一栋带有美丽花园的大房子！How I wish _ a beautiful garden！我是多么希望我是一只小鸟啊，能在天空自由飞翔。_ freely in the sk
39、y.4.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语【原句呈现】As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(P8)随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。【知识要点】本句为主从复合句，主句是so引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于the effect we have on anmals continues to grow as well。句中so表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语”。注意：如果是另外一
40、个人对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不用倒装。将so换成neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法； 如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with+主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。【完成句子】“我昨天去看电影了。”“哦，是吗？我也看电影了。”I went to see a film yesterday. Oh, did you? _.“如果我妹妹下次去看我是歌手，我也会去。比赛组织得很好。”“确实如此。”If my sister goes to watch the s
41、inging competition named Im a singer next time, _. The competition is well organized._.这个受采访的人展示自己比别人的优势内心没有羞愧，也没有外在的恐惧。The interviewee has no inner shame to show his edge over others. _ the outer fear.“汤姆没有通过考试又害怕被训斥。”“吉姆也一样。”Tom hadnt passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded. _. 5.It is/was+名词(词组)+(for sb.)+to do sth.【原句呈现】Its our duty to protect our environment while aiming for eco- nomic development.(P12 Lines 50-51)我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。【知识要点】本句中的主干部分用了“It is+名词+to do sth.”的句型，It is one