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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件(Applause)Thank you very much.(Applause)This is mebuilding a prototype for six hours straight.（掌聲）非常感謝！（掌聲）这是我正在做一个模型 足足花了6个小时,494241This is slave labor to my own project.完全是苦力活。00:17This is what the DIY and maker movements really look like.这就是所谓的自己动手做和自造者运动。00:21And this is an analogy
2、for todays construction andmanufacturing world with brute-force assembly techniques.这也是今日全球建筑和制造业的缩影:到处可见费尽蛮力的组装技术。00:26And this is exactly why I started studying how to programphysical materials to build themselves.这也是我为什么开始研究 如何让物理材料根据特定程序来组装自己。00:34But there is another world.但是,还有另外一个世界。00:41Toda
3、y at the micro-and nanoscales,theres anunprecedented revolution happening.如今在微观纳米级上,正在发生一场空前的革命。00:43And this is the ability to program physical and biologicalmaterials to change shape,change properties and evencompute outside of silicon-based matter.这就是通过编程使物理和生物材料 改变形状、改变属性的能力,它的应用范围甚至超过了硅基物质。00:4
4、7Theres even a software called cadnano that allows us todesign three-dimensional shapes like nano robots or drugdelivery systems and use DNA to self-assemble thosefunctional structures.甚至已经有了一个叫cadnano的软件 我们可以用它来设计各种三維物体。比如纳米机器人或者药物传输系统,以及利用DNA自我组装各种功能结构。00:57analogy:n.类比；类推；类似 manufacturing:adj.制造的
5、;制造业的/n.制造业;工业/v.制造;生产(manufacture的ing形式)assembly:n.装配；集会，集合 unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的 outside of:在的外面;超出的范围 three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的 nano:n.纳;毫微 self-assemble:vi.自组装 functional:adj.功能的But if we look at the human scale,theres massive problemsthat arent being addressed by those nanoscale te
6、chnologies.但是,如果我们再看宏观的人类社会生活,还有很多问题没有被 这些纳米级技术解决。01:10If we look at construction and manufacturing,theres majorinefficiencies,energy consumption and excessive labortechniques.如果我们看看建筑业和制造业,有很多效率严重低下的地方,比如能源消耗 和过多的人工技能需求。01:17In infrastructure,lets just take one example.在基础设施方面,我们举个例子,01:26Take pipi
7、ng.比如说铺设管道。01:28In water pipes,we have fixed-capacity water pipes that havefixed flow rates,except for expensive pumps and valves.水管,我们的水管都是固定容积,固定流量的,除了昂贵的水泵和水阀以外。01:30We bury them in the ground.我们把它们埋在地底下,01:38If anything changes-if the environment changes,theground moves,or demand changes-we have
8、 to start fromscratch and take them out and replace them.如果有任何变动 比如环境变化,地基移动或者需求改变 我们就得从头再来,把它们挖出来再换新的。01:39So Id like to propose that we can combine those two worlds,that we can combine the world of the nanoscaleprogrammable adaptive materials and the builtenvironment.所以我建议把这两个世界结合起来,把纳米级上可程序化、能自我调
9、节的材料 和生产环境结合起来。01:49inefficiencies:无能 piping:n.管道系统;尖声;笛声/adj.吹笛的;平静的;乐声优雅的;尖声的/v.用管道输送;尖声唱(pipe的ing形式)pumps:n.机泵;脉动(pump的复数);抽运器;无带轻便舞鞋/v.用泵送;抽动;汲取;盘问(pump的三单形式)valves:n.机阀门;解剖瓣膜(valve的复数);真空管/v.装阀于;以活门调节(valve的三单形式)from scratch:白手起家;从头做起programmable:adj.计可编程的;可设计的 adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的And I dont me
10、an automated machines.我的意思不是自动化设备。01:59I dont just mean smart machines that replace humans.我指的也不仅仅是让智能机器替代人类劳动,02:01But I mean programmable materials that build themselves.而是那些可以可程序化的材料实现自我组装。02:04And thats called self-assembly,which is a process by whichdisordered parts build an ordered structure t
11、hrough onlylocal interaction.这就叫做自我组装,一种把各个无序的零部件组成一个有序的结构的过程,这一切都只通过材料自身的相互作用来完成。02:08So what do we need if we want to do this at the human scale?那么要把它应用于人类社会生活,我们又需要些什么呢？02:17TED演讲者：Skylar Tibbits|斯凯拉.蒂比茨演讲标题：Skylar Tibbits:The emergence of 4D printing|4D打印机的诞生内容概要：Skylar Tibbits,a TED Fellow,is a
12、n artist and computational architect working onsmart components that can assemble themselves.自上世纪七十年代以来，三维打印已经得到了长足的发展；TED 研究员斯凯拉.蒂比茨正致力于塑造未来的发展方向,他称它为四维打印,所谓的第四维就是时间.这种新兴技术将会让我们打印出可以自我重塑或者自我组装的物体。想象一下吧:一个打印出来的立方体在你眼前完成自我折叠，或者一条打印出来的管道可以根据需要自我膨胀或者收缩。We need a few simple ingredients.我们只需要一些简单的条件,02:2
13、0The first ingredient is materials and geometry,and thatneeds to be tightly coupled with the energy source.第一个就是材料和几何形状,这需要和能源材料紧密结合起来。02:22And you can use passive energy-so heat,shaking,pneumatics,gravity,magnetics.我们可以用被动式能源 比如热力、抖动、气压、重力、磁力。02:28And then you need smartly designed interactions.同时我
14、们也需要设计得非常巧妙的交互方式。02:35automated:adj.自动化的；机械化的/v.自动化(automate的过去分词)；自动操作 disordered:adj.混乱的;害了病的;发狂的;失调的 ingredients:材料;作料 ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分/adj.构成组成部分的 geometry:n.几何学/几何结构tightly:adv.紧紧地;坚固地 coupled:adj.耦合的;联接的;成对的;共轭的(couple的过去分词形式)shaking:n.震动,震惊;挥动,摇动/v.握手(shake的ing形式);摇动;颤动 pneumatics:n.流气
15、体力学;充气轮胎(pneumatic的复数形式)magnetics:n.电磁磁学 smartly:adv.刺痛地;漂亮地;潇洒地;火辣辣地 interactions:n.计交互,相互作用;相互交流(interaction复数)And those interactions allow for error correction,and theyallow the shapes to go from one state to another state.而且这些交互方式可以纠错,可以让已成型的物体改变状态。02:38So now Im going to show you a number of pr
16、ojects thatweve built,from one-dimensional,two-dimensional,three-dimensional and even four-dimensional systems.我现在要为大家展示我们已经做好的一些项目,从一维、二维、三维 甚至到四维的系统。02:44So in one-dimensional systems-this is a project called theself-folding proteins.在一维系统里 我们有个项目叫 自我折叠蛋白质。02:53And the idea is that you take the th
17、ree-dimensional structureof a protein-in this case its the crambin protein-you takethe backbone-so no cross-linking,no environmentalinteractions-and you break that down into a series ofcomponents.思路是我们拿一个蛋白质的三維结构模型 这里我们用的是花菜蛋白 我们拿出它的主链 没有交叉链接的地方或者与环境的相互作用 我们把它分解成一系列的组成部分。02:58And then we embed elast
18、ic.然后我们嵌入一定的弹性松紧度。03:12And when I throw this up into the air and catch it,it has thefull three-dimensional structure of the protein,all of theintricacies.然后我把它抛向空中再接住,它就变成了蛋白质本身复杂的三維结构。03:15allow for:考虑到,虑及 one-dimensional:adj.肤浅的;单面的;幻想的 two-dimensional:adj.二维的;缺乏深度的 four-dimensional:adj.四维的;四次元的 p
19、roteins:n.生化蛋白质(protein复数)backbone:n.支柱;主干网;决心,毅力;脊椎cross-linking:n.交联;交叉结合/v.使交联;交叉耦合(cross-link的ing形式)embed:vt.栽种;使嵌入,使插入;使深留脑中elastic:adj.有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的/n.松紧带；橡皮圈 intricacies:n.纷繁难懂之处;错综复杂的事物And this gives us a tangible model of the three-dimensionalprotein and how it folds and all of the intricac
20、ies of thegeometry.它为我们展示了一个形象的 三維蛋白质模型,它是如何折叠的 以及它的几何复杂性。03:22So we can study this as a physical,intuitive model.所以我们可以利用这个实际直观的模型来研究蛋白质。03:30And were also translating that into two-dimensional systems-so flat sheets that can self-fold into three-dimensionalstructures.同时我们也把这个想法应用到二维系统里 比如使平板能够自我折叠
21、形成三維结构。03:33In three dimensions,we did a project last year at TEDGlobalwith Autodesk and Arthur Olson where we looked atautonomous parts-so individual parts not pre-connectedthat can come together on their own.对于三維系统,我们去年在TEDGlobal和Autodesk(欧特克)以及Arthur Olson做了一个项目。我们研究了分散独立的零件 就是怎样让各自分散的部分自发的组合在一起。
22、03:40And we built 500 of these glass beakers.我们一共做了500个这样的烧杯。03:53They had different molecular structures inside and differentcolors that could be mixed and matched.里面有不同的分子结构 以及不同的可以相互混杂搭配的颜色。03:56And we gave them away to all the TEDsters.我们把它们给了所有在场的TED观众。04:00And so these became intuitive models
23、to understand howmolecular self-assembly works at the human scale.这些形象的模型帮助我们 在宏观上理解分子是如何自我组装的。04:03tangible:adj.有形的;切实的;可触摸的/n.有形资产 folds:n.皱褶;折痕(fold的复数形式)/vt.折叠;包(fold的三单形式);交叠;合拢 intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的 dimensions:n.规模,大小 autonomous:adj.自治的；自主的；自发的 beakers:n.烧杯(beaker的复数形式)molecular:adj.化学分子的;由
24、分子组成的This is the polio virus.这个是脊髓灰质炎病毒。04:09You shake it hard and it breaks apart.你使劲儿一摇,它就散架了。04:10And then you shake it randomly and it starts to error correctand built the structure on its own.然后你随便摇瓶子 它就开始纠错然后自己组合成本来的结构形状。04:12And this is demonstrating that through random energy,wecan build non
25、-random shapes.这个例子说明了我们可以利用不规则的运动能量形成规则的物体形状。04:17We even demonstrated that we can do this at a much largerscale.我们甚至证明了它同样适用于更加宏观的层面。04:25Last year at TED Long Beach,we built an installation that去年在TED的 Long Beach,我们做了一个可以制造其它设备的装置。04:28Last year at TED Long Beach,we built an installation thatbuil
26、ds installations.造其它设备的装置。04:28The idea was,could we self-assemble furniture-scale objects?想法就是我们能不能自我组装家具大小的物体呢？04:34So we built a large rotating chamber,and people wouldcome up and spin the chamber faster or slower,addingenergy to the system and getting an intuitive understandingof how self-assemb
27、ly works and how we could use this as amacroscale construction or manufacturing technique forproducts.所以我们做了一个大的滚动的空间,然后人们过来或快或慢的滚动它 来给这个系统增加能量 从而更形象的理解了自我组装是怎么一回事,以及我们怎样 在产品的宏观建设或制造技术上利用它。04:37polio:n.小儿麻痹症(等于poliomyelitis);脊髓灰质炎 randomly:adv.随便地,任意地;无目的,胡乱地;未加计划地demonstrating:n.演示/v.证明;示威(demonstr
28、ate的现在分词);显示 non-random:非随机的 demonstrated:演示installations:n.军设施;装置(installation的复数形式);机设备 rotating:adj.机旋转的/v.旋转;轮流(rotate的ing形式)chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛;房间;会所/adj.室内的;私人的,秘密的/vt.把关在室内;装填(弹药等)So remember,I said 4D.还记得我刚才提到了四维,04:54www.XiYuS锡育软件So today for the first time,were unveiling a new project,w
29、hich is a collaboration with Stratasys,and its called 4Dprinting.今天我们首次向大家展示一个新项目,这是和Stratasys公司一同合作的,它叫做4D(四维)打印。04:56The idea behind 4D printing is that you take multi-material3D printing-so you can deposit multiple materials-andyou add a new capability,which is transformation,that rightoff the be
30、d,the parts can transform from one shape toanother shape directly on their own.4D(四维)打印指的是 我们利用多材料进行三維打印 就是我们可以使用多种材料 同时我们又新加一种能力,就是变形。一但从车床上下来,这些不同的零部件就可以直接自发的变成其他的形状,05:03And this is like robotics without wires or motors.就像是没有电线或者马达驱动的机器人。05:20So you completely print this part,and it can transform
31、 intosomething else.所以我们把一个部分完整的打印出来,它就可以自己变成其它的物体形状。05:23We also worked with Autodesk on a software theyredeveloping called Project Cyborg.我们也和Autodesk（欧特克）合作了他们正在开发的Project Cyborg软件。05:28And this allows us to simulate this self-assembly behaviorand try to optimize which parts are folding when.这个项目
32、让我们可以模拟自我组装这种行为 以及优化哪些部件应该在何时折叠变形。05:33unveiling:adj.揭幕的/n.除去遮盖物;公开;揭幕式/v.揭示;除去面纱(unveil的ing形式)collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌deposit:n.存款;押金;订金;保证金;沉淀物/vt.使沉积;存放/vi.沉淀 robotics:n.机器人学 motors:n.汽车;发动机(motor的复数);汽车公司证券 Cyborg:abbr.(部分机能由各种电子或电机装置代替的)半机械人;靠机械装置维持生命的人;受控机体(cyberneticorganism)simulate:vt.模仿;假装
33、;冒充/adj.模仿的;假装的 optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善/vi.优化;持乐观态度folding:adj.可折叠的But most importantly,we can use this same software for thedesign of nanoscale self-assembly systems and human scaleself-assembly systems.但是,最重要的是,我们可以利用同样的软件 设计纳米级的自我组装系统 以及人类生活中的自我组装系统。05:39These are parts being printed with multi-mate
34、rial properties.这些是用多材料属性打印出来的零件05:47Heres the first demonstration.这是第一个演示,05:51A single strand dipped in water that completely self-folds onits own into the letters M I T.把一条链子浸在水里 它可以完全自我折叠成 字母M.I.T（美国麻省理工学院）。05:53Im biased.我确实偏心。06:01This is another part,single strand,dipped in a bigger tankthat
35、self-folds into a cube,a three-dimensional structure,onits own.另外一个演示,把一条链子浸在一个大缸里,它会自我折叠变成一个三維结构的立方体,06:03So no human interaction.没有任何人力的影响。06:11And we think this is the first time that a program andtransformation has been embedded directly into thematerials themselves.我们认为这是首次 把一个程序软件和变形 一起直接的嵌入（应
36、用）到材料中去。06:13And it also might just be the manufacturing technique thatallows us to produce more adaptive infrastructure in thefuture.或许这将是一种制造技术,能让我们在未来生产更多的可自我调节的基础设施设备。06:20So I know youre probably thinking,okay,thats cool,buthow do we use any of this stuff for the built environment?我知道大家现在大概会想,好
37、吧,看着挺酷的,但是我们怎么把它应用到生产环境里？06:27strand:n.线;串;海滨/vt.使搁浅;使陷于困境;弄断;使落后/vi.搁浅 biased:adj.有偏见的;结果偏倚的,有偏的 embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的/v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式)So Ive started a lab at MIT,and its called the Self-AssemblyLab.我在MIT（美国麻省理工学院）开展了一个实验室,它叫做“自我组装实验室”。06:32And were dedicated to trying to develop programm
38、ablematerials for the built environment.我们致力于为实际生产环境开发 可程序化的材料。06:36And we think theres a few key sectors that have fairly near-term applications.我们认为有几个关键部分 它们可以在相当短期内得到应用。06:41One of those is in extreme environments.其中之一就是在极限环境下。06:45These are scenarios where its difficult to build,our currentcons
39、truction techniques dont work,its too large,its toodangerous,its expensive,too many parts.有些情况是建造起来非常困难,我们现有的建造技术行不通的。它太大,太危险,太昂贵,太庞杂。06:47And space is a great example of that.太空就是一个非常好的例子。06:56Were trying to design new scenarios for space that have fullyreconfigurable and self-assembly structures t
40、hat can go fromhighly functional systems from one to another.我们正在为太空环境设计新的 可以完全重置和自我组装的结构。它们可以自我转化成各种功能强大的系统。06:58Lets go back to infrastructure.我们再回到基础设施建设。07:07In infrastructure,were working with a company out ofBoston called Geosyntec.在这个领域,我们正和波士顿一家叫Geosyntec的公司合作,07:10And were developing a new
41、paradigm for piping.正在开发一种新的管道模板。07:13sectors:n.部门;分区;扇区数(sector的复数)/v.把划成扇形;把分成部分(sector的三单形式)near-term:adj.近期的scenarios:n.情节;脚本;情景介绍(scenario的复数)paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表Imagine if water pipes could expand or contract to changecapacity or change flow rate,or maybe even undulate likeperistaltics to move
42、the water themselves.想象一下如果水管可以膨胀或者收缩 来改变容积、改变流量、它甚至可以自己起伏蠕动来传输水。07:16So this isnt expensive pumps or valves.这就不需要昂贵的水泵或者水阀了。07:27This is a completely programmable and adaptive pipe on itsown.这是一个完全可程序化和自我调节的管道。07:30So I want to remind you today of the harsh realities ofassembly in our world.我今天想要提醒
43、大家的是 当今残酷的组装现实。07:34These are complex things built with complex parts that cometogether in complex ways.这些庞杂的集合体是用复杂的零件 以繁复的方式组装起来的。07:39So I would like to invite you from whatever industry yourefrom to join us in reinventing and reimagining the world,how things come together from the nanoscale to t
44、he humanscale,so that we can go from a world like this to a worldthats more like this.所以,我真诚的邀请大家,不管你们来自哪个领域,和我们一起重塑和重新想象这个世界,怎样将微观纳米世界和宏观人类生活的事物结合在一起。从而,我们可以从这样一个世界过渡到 一个更类似于这样的世界。07:45Thank you.谢谢大家。08:12(Applause)(掌声）08:14undulate:vi.起伏,波动;震动;呈波浪形/vt.波动;使波动;使起伏;使成波浪形/adj.波动的;起伏的;波浪形的 harsh:adj.严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的/reinventing:重新使用;改造*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*