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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Running-its basically just right,left,right,left-yeah?奔跑:仅仅就是左、右、左、右、-是么？00:12I mean,weve been doing it for two million years,so its kindof arrogant to assume that Ive got something to say thathasnt been said and performed better a long time ago.我的意思是,我们已经奔跑了两百万年了,由我来说一些从未谈及的和 对很久之前我们就擅
2、长的奔跑而言 说三道四似乎有点自大。00:15But the cool thing about running,as Ive discovered,is thatsomething bizarre happens in this activity all the time.但如我所发现的,关于奔跑最酷的事 是在奔跑过程中时刻发生 奇异变化的一些事。00:25Case in point:A couple months ago,if you saw the New YorkCity Marathon,I guarantee you,you saw something that noone has
3、ever seen before.例证:几个月前,如果你看了纽约市马拉松赛,我保证你会看到一些 之前从没人见过的事。00:31An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu turns up at thestarting line.一名名为德拉图图鲁的埃塞俄比亚妇女 出现在起点。00:39Shes 37 years old,she hasnt won a marathon of any kind ineight years,and a few months previously she almost died inchildbirth.她37岁了,她在八年内还没有赢
4、得过任何形式的马拉松比赛,几个月之前 她几乎在分娩中死去。00:43Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from thesport,but she decided shed go for broke and try for onelast big payday in the marquee event,the New York CityMarathon.德拉图图鲁已经准备挂靴,从此退出这项运动,但她决定破釜沉舟 最后 在马拉松重头戏 纽约市马拉松赛上再做一次大的尝试。00:51arrogant:adj.自大的，傲慢的 bizarre:
5、adj.奇异的(指态度，容貌，款式等)Marathon:n.马拉松赛跑;耐力的考验/adj.马拉松式的;有耐力的/vi.参加马拉松赛跑 childbirth:n.分娩 go for broke:全力以赴,孤注一掷 payday:n.发薪日;交割日marquee:n.选取框;大天幕;华盖Except-bad news for Derartu Tulu-some other peoplehad the same idea,including the Olympic gold medalist andPaula Radcliffe,who is a monster,the fastest woman
6、marathoner in history by far.除了-对德拉图图鲁来说是坏消息-其他一些人也有同样的想法,包括奥林匹克金牌得主 葆拉拉德克利夫,她是个奔跑狂人,她是史上迄今最快的女子马拉松选手。01:02Only 10 minutes off the mens world record,Paula Radcliffe isessentially unbeatable.仅仅比男子世界纪录慢10分钟,葆拉拉德克利夫本来是不可战胜的。01:14Thats her competition.这是她的比赛。01:19The gun goes off,and shes not even an un
7、derdog.发令枪响后,她不仅是落后;01:21Shes under the underdogs.她非常落后。01:24But the under-underdog hangs tough,and 22 miles into a26-mile race,there is Derartu Tulu up there with the leadpack.但她顽强不屈。在22英里到26英里的路程上,德拉图图鲁在 领跑集团之中。01:26Now this is when something really bizarre happens.这时非常奇异的事情发生了。01:35Paula Radcliff
8、e,the one person who is sure to snatch the bigpaycheck out of Derartu Tulus under-underdog hands,suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.葆拉拉德克利夫,这个必定要夺冠的人把巨额奖金交到了德拉图图鲁这个落后者的手中,突然拖着她的腿并开始落后。01:38So we all know what to do in this situation,right?我们都知道这种情形下要怎么做,对么？01:47medalist:n.奖牌获得者 marathone
9、r:n.马拉松运动员 unbeatable:adj.无敌的;无以伦比的 underdog:n.比赛中不被看好者;失败者;受压迫者;斗败了的狗 underdogs:n.劣势者;输家(underdog的复数)snatch:n.抢夺；抓举；小量/vt.夺得；抽空做；及时救助/vi.抢走；很快接受 grabs:n.链钩(grab的复数)/v.抓取;捕获(grab的第三人称单数)You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow andblaze for the finish line.你会用肘在她嘴上来一击 然后奋力冲向终点。01:49Der
10、artu Tulu ruins the script.德拉图图鲁没有这么做。01:54Instead of taking off,she falls back,and she grabs PaulaRadcliffe,says,Come on.Come with us.You can do it.不是匆匆离开,她后退并抓住葆拉拉德克利夫,说道,“加油,跟上我们。你能做到的。”01:56So Paula Radcliffe,unfortunately,does it.因此葆拉拉德克利夫,不幸地,这么做了。02:02She catches up with the lead pack and is
11、pushing toward thefinish line.她跟上了领先集团 并冲向终点。02:04But then she falls back again.但是接下来她又一次落后了。02:08And the second time Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pullher.德拉图图鲁第二次抓着她,试着拉着她跑。02:10And Paula Radcliffe at that point says,Im done.Go.这时葆拉拉德克利夫说道“我不行了。你跑吧。TED演讲者：Christopher McDougall|克里斯托弗.麦克杜格尔演讲标
12、题：Christopher McDougall:Are we born to run?|我们天生就会奔跑?内容概要：Christopher McDougall is the author of Born to Run:A Hidden Tribe,SuperAthletes,and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen.克里斯托弗.麦克杜格尔探索了人类渴望奔跑的神秘。奔跑是如何帮助早期人类幸存的-是什么来自我们远古祖先的动力在今天仍鞭策着我们?在TEDxPennQuarter中，麦克杜格尔讲述了一名有着金子般的心的马拉松运动员的故事，不可思议的极
13、限奔跑者，以及在墨西哥的以奔跑为生的隐藏部落的故事。And Paula Radcliffe at that point says,Im done.Go.”02:12So thats a fantastic story,and we all know how it ends.这是个难以置信的故事,我们都知道最终结局如何。02:16She loses the check,but she goes home with somethingbigger and more important.她错失了奖金,但是她带回家的是些更有意义更重要的东西。02:19Except Derartu Tulu ruins
14、 the script again-instead of losing,she blazes past the lead pack and wins,wins the New YorkCity Marathon,goes home with a big fat check.除了德拉图图鲁再次做了同样的事以外。她没有输,她超过了领先集团并赢得了比赛,赢了纽约市马拉松赛,带着大笔奖金回家。02:23blaze:vt.在树皮上刻路标;公开宣布/n.火焰,烈火;光辉;情感爆发/vi.燃烧;照耀,发光;激发 ruins:n.遗迹(ruin的复数形式);废墟/v.毁灭(ruin的三单形式)blazes:n
15、.火焰;地狱/v.燃烧(blaze的第三人称单数)Its a heartwarming story,but if you drill a little bit deeper,youve got to sort of wonder about what exactly was goingon there.这是个暖人心房的故事,但如果你再深入的思考一下,大家可能很想知道当时到底发生了什么。02:33When you have two outliers in one organism,its not acoincidence.当同一组织内出现两次局外人时,这不是巧合。02:40When you ha
16、ve someone who is more competitive and morecompassionate than anybody else in the race,again,its nota coincidence.当你知道有人比比赛中任何其他人 都更有竞争力更有同情心时,再一次,这不是巧合。02:44You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;somehow waters involved.你向我展示一只有着蹼足和鳃的生物,那它或许与水相关。02:50Someone with that kind of heart,there
17、s some kind ofconnection there.有这样一颗心的人们之间有着某种连接。02:55And the answer to it,I think,can be found down in theCopper Canyons of Mexico,where theres a tribe,a reclusivetribe,called the Tarahumara Indians.我想,答案能 在墨西哥铜谷中找到,那儿有一个部落,一个隐居的部落,这个部落被称为塔拉乌马拉印第安人。02:58Now the Tarahumara are remarkable for three t
18、hings.现在塔拉乌马拉人在三件事上非常出色。03:07Number one is,they have been living essentially unchangedfor the past 400 years.第一件事是,他们已经基本保持不变的 在那儿生活了四百年。03:10heartwarming:adj.感人的;暖人心房的 outliers:n.分化异常值;离群值;离开本体的东西;局外人(outlier的复数)coincidence:n.巧合;一致;同时发生 compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的/vt.同情;怜悯 webbed:adj.有蹼的;蜘蛛网状的/v.用
19、蹼将连接;结网;使落入圈套(web的过去分词)Canyons:地理峡谷 tribe:n.部落；族；宗族；一伙/reclusive:adj.隐居的;隐遁的 unchanged:adj.未改变的When the conquistadors arrived in North America you hadtwo choices:you either fight back and engage or you couldtake off.当西班牙征服者到达北美洲时,当地人只有两个选择:要么进行反击与之交战,要么就离开。03:16The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,which is
20、 why there are veryfew Mayans and Aztecs.玛雅人和阿兹特克人选择了交战,这就是为什么现在玛雅人和阿兹特克人非常少的原因。03:22The Tarahumara had a different strategy.塔拉乌马拉人有个不同的策略。03:27They took off and hid in this labyrinthine,networking,spiderwebbing system of canyons called the CopperCanyons,and there they remained since the 1600s-essen
21、tially the same way theyve always been.他们离开了,隐藏在 这个被称为铜谷的 错综复杂的迷宫般的峡谷中,他们从1600年起就呆在这儿-基本上以同样的方式在此生活。03:29The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara is,deepinto old age-70 to 80 years old-these guys arentrunning marathons;theyre running mega-marathons.第二件关于塔拉乌马拉人的非常出色的事 是,年纪大了以后-70岁到80岁-这些人不跑马拉
22、松,他们跑超级马拉松。03:44Theyre not doing 26 miles;theyre doing 100,150 miles at atime,and apparently without injury,without problems.他们跑的不是26英里,他们每次跑100英里,150英里,而且显然没有受伤,没有出现问题。03:54The last thing thats remarkable about the Tarahumara is thatall the things that were going to be talking about today,allthe th
23、ings that were trying to come up with塔拉乌马拉人最后一件出色的事情是 所有我们今天要讨论的事,所有我们正试图用我们04:02conquistadors:n.征服者(conquistador的复数形式)fight back:回击;抵抗 labyrinthine:adj.迷宫的;复杂的networking:n.计算机网络的设计;一种互助性的网络体系/v.交流(network的ing形式);联络 at a time:一次;每次;在某时come up with:提出;想出;赶上using all of our technology and brain power
24、to solve-thingslike heart disease and cholesterol and cancer and crime andwarfare and violence and clinical depression-all this stuff,the Tarahumara dont know what youre talking about.全部的科技和脑力解决的事-比如像心脏病、高胆固醇和癌症 以及犯罪、战争、暴力和临床忧郁症-所有这些,塔拉乌马拉人都不知道。04:08They are free from all of these modern ailments.他们
25、完全 没有这些现代疾病。04:19So whats the connection?那么,这联系是什么呢？04:23Again,were talking about outliers-theres got to be somekind of cause and effect there.再次,我们探讨一下局外人。这儿有某种程度的因果关系。04:25Well,there are teams of scientists at Harvard and theUniversity of Utah that are bending their brains to try to有些哈佛大学和犹他大学的 科学
26、团队 正费劲脑筋试图理解 塔拉乌马拉人一直所了解的。04:29University of Utah that are bending their brains to try tofigure out what the Tarahumara have known forever.Theyre trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.他们正试图解决这些同一类型的谜团。04:38And once again,a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery-perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu a
27、nd the Tarahumara iswrapped in three other mysteries,which go like this:再一次的,一个谜团包含在另一个谜团之中-也许关于德拉图图鲁和塔拉乌马拉人的答案 就包含在另外三个谜团之中,像这样的事物:04:41cholesterol:n.生化胆固醇 warfare:n.战争；冲突 clinical:adj.临床的；诊所的 depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁free from:使摆脱;免于;解放 ailments:n.疾病,小病(ailment复数形式)bending:n.弯曲度/v.弯曲(bend的ing形式)my
28、steries:n.神秘的事物;难以理解的事;古代的秘密宗教仪式(mystery的复数)wrapped:adj.有包装的/v.包裹;覆盖(wrap的过去分词)www.XiYuS锡育软件three things-if you have the answer,come up and take themicrophone,because nobody else knows the answer.三个事物-如果有人知道答案,请站起来拿起麦克风,因为没有其他人知道这个答案。04:50And if you know it,then you are smarter than anybody elseon p
29、lanet Earth.但如果你知道这个答案,那你就比这个星球上的任何一个人都要聪明。04:54Mystery number one is this:Two million years ago the humanbrain exploded in size.第一个谜团是:两百万年前人类的脑容量暴增。04:57Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.南方古猿人只有一个小豌豆那么大的大脑。05:02Suddenly humans show up-Homo erectus-big,oldmelon-head.突然人类出现了-直立人-有着成熟的瓜那么大
30、的头部。05:04To have a brain of that size,you need to have a source ofcondensed caloric energy.为了保持这么大体积的大脑,就需要有浓缩的卡路里能量的来源。05:08In other words,early humans are eating dead animals-noargument,thats a fact.换句话说,早期人类吃死亡的动物-毫无疑问,这是事实。05:13The only problem is,the first edged weapons only appearedabout 200,0
31、00 years ago.唯一的问题是,最初的带刃武器仅出现在大约20万年前。05:17So,somehow,for nearly two million years,we are killinganimals without any weapons.因此不知为何在两百万年间,我们不用任何武器来杀死动物。05:22Now were not using our strength because we are thebiggest sissies in the jungle.现在我们没有使用自己的力气 因为我们在丛林中是最弱的。05:28exploded:adj.爆炸了的;分解的;被破除的/v.爆
32、炸(explode的过去分词)Homo:n.人,人类;同性恋者 condensed:adj.浓缩的;扼要的/vt.浓缩(condense的过去分词)caloric:adj.热量的;卡的/n.热量 edged:adj.有刃的;有边的/v.使开刃;加边于;侧着移动(edge的过去分词)sissies:n.胆小鬼;胆小无用的男子;女人气的男人/adj.女人气的,娘娘腔的;柔弱的Every other animal is stronger than we are-they havefangs,they have claws,they have nimbleness,they havespeed.任何其
33、他动物都要比我们强大。它们有着尖牙,它们有利爪,它们灵活,它们敏捷。05:32We think Usain Bolt is fast.Usain Bolt can get his ass kickedby a squirrel.我们觉得乌塞恩博尔特跑得快。乌塞恩博尔特却跑不过一只松鼠。05:37Were not fast.我们并不快。05:40That would be an Olympic event:turn a squirrel loose-whoever catches the squirrel,you get a gold medal.这可以作为一项奥林匹克比赛:放开一只松鼠。谁抓到
34、这只松鼠,谁就是金牌获得者。05:42So no weapons,no speed,no strength,no fangs,no claws-how were we killing these animals?Mystery number one.因此,没有武器,没有速度,没有力量,没有尖牙,没有利爪。我们是如何杀死这些动物的呢？第一个谜团。05:47Mystery number two:Women have been in the Olympics forquite some time now,but one thing thats remarkable aboutall women sp
35、rinters-they all suck;theyre terrible.第二个谜团:目前女性已经参加奥林匹克运动会有相当一段时间了,但关于所有女子短跑选手的一件值得注意的事是-她们不行,她们很差。05:53Theres not a fast woman on the planet and there never hasbeen.这个星球上没有跑得快的女性 从来没有过。06:02The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.最快的女性曾在4分15秒内跑完一英里。06:06I could throw a rock and hit a h
36、igh school boy who can runfaster that 4:15.我扔块石头就能打中一个跑的 比4分15秒更快的高中男生。06:09For some reason you guys are just really slow.由于某些原因,你们实在是跑得慢。06:13Every other:所有其他的;每隔一个的 fangs:n.脊椎尖牙;脊椎毒牙(fang的复数);物体的尖端/v.用尖牙咬;配以尖牙般的东西(fang的三单形式)sprinters:n.短跑者(sprinter的复数形式)(Laughter)But you get to the marathon we wer
37、e just talkingabout-you guys have only been allowed to run themarathon for 20 years.（笑声）但我们回到我们刚刚谈论过的马拉松上-你们仅仅适合跑马拉松也就20年。06:15Because,prior to the 1980s,medical science said that if awoman tried to run 26 miles-does anyone know whatwould happen if you tried to run 26 miles,why you werebanned from t
38、he marathon before the 1980s?因为,在二十世纪八十年代之前,医学表明如果一名女性尝试跑26英里-有人知道如果你尝试跑26英里会发生什么吗,为什么你在八十年代之前被禁止参加马拉松呢？06:22(Audience Member:Her uterus would be torn.)Her uterus（观众:她的子宫将被扯裂。）她的子宫将被扯裂。06:33(Audience Member:Her uterus would be torn.)Her uteruswould be torn.裂。06:33Yes.You would have torn reproductive
39、 organs.是的。女性生殖器官会被扯裂。06:36The uterus would fall out,literally fall out of the body.子宫会脱落,毫不夸张,脱落出体外。06:38Now Ive been to a lot of marathons,and Ive yet to see any.到目前我参加过许多马拉松赛,而我还从未见过一次这样的事情发生。06:41(Laughter)So its only been 20 years that women have beenallowed to run the marathon.（笑声）那么,仅仅过了20年,女
40、性就被允许参加马拉松赛跑了。06:45In that very short learning curve,you guys have gone frombroken organs up to the fact that youre only 10 minutes offthe male world record.在这个非常短的学习曲线中,女性从马拉松会损害器官 改变到这样一个事实,女子世界纪录仅比 男子的慢10分钟。06:51prior to:在之前;居先 uterus:n.解剖子宫 reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的 fall out:发生;脱落;争吵;离队;结果是 m
41、arathons:n.马拉松赛跑;耐力的考验/adj.马拉松式的;有耐力的/vi.参加马拉松赛跑Then you go beyond 26 miles,into the distance that medicalscience also told us would be fatal to humans-rememberPheidippides died when he ran 26 miles-you get to 50 and100 miles,and suddenly its a different game.接着女性开始超越26英里,直到医学所告诉我们的会致命的距离-回忆一下费迪皮迪兹在
42、跑完26英里后死去-你们女性现在到达了50和100英里,这突然成了一个不同的游戏。07:00You can take a runner like Ann Trason,or Nikki Kimball,orJenn Shelton,you put them in a race of 50 or 100 milesagainst anybody in the world and its a coin toss whos goingto win.可以让安崔森、妮基金博尔或杰娜谢尔顿 参加50或100英里的比赛,与世界上的任何人对抗 谁胜谁负还在五五之数。07:11Ill give you an e
43、xample.我来举个例子。07:19A couple years ago,Emily Baer signed up for a race called theHardrock 100,which tells you all you need to know about therace.在几年前,埃米莉贝尔报名参加了一个 名为硬石100的比赛,这就是关于这个比赛你们所需知道的一切了。07:21They give you 48 hours to finish this race.参赛者有48小时来完成比赛。07:28Well Emily Baer-500 runners-she finishes
44、 in eighth place,in the top 10,even though she stopped at all the aid stationsto breastfeed her baby during the race-and yet,beat 492other people.而埃米莉贝尔-在500名参赛者中-她第八个完成比赛,名列前十,即使在比赛中她在每个急救点都会停下来 为她的宝宝哺乳-即便如此,她仍击败了其他492名参赛者。07:30So why is it that women get stronger as distances get longer?最后一个谜团:那么为
45、什么女性在距离变长时 变得更强了？07:41The third mystery is this:At the University of Utah,theystarted tracking finishing times for people running themarathon.第三个谜团是这样:在犹他大学,他们追踪人们 完成马拉松的时间。07:45go beyond:v.超出;胜过 finishes:n.成品(finish的复数);抛光剂;罩面漆/v.完成;结束(finish的第三人称单数)breastfeed:adj.以母奶养育的/n.母乳喂养/vt.以母乳喂养And what the
46、y found is that,if you start running themarathon at age 19,you will get progressively faster,yearby year,until you reach your peak at age 27.他们的发现 是,如果在19岁开始跑马拉松,你将逐渐跑得越来越快,逐年增加,直到在27岁时到达顶峰。07:52And then after that,you succumb to the rigors of time.而在此之后,你会经受不住 时间的严峻考验。08:00And youll get slower and
47、slower,until eventually youre backto running the same speed you were at age 19.然后你会跑得越来越慢,知道最终你的速度会回落到19岁时的速度。08:04So about seven years,eight years to reach your peak,andthen gradually you fall off your peak,until you go back tothe starting point.因此大约有七八年的时间来到达你的顶峰,然后逐渐从顶峰回落下来,一直回到起点。08:09You would
48、think it might take eight years to go back to thesame speed,maybe 10 years-no,its 45 years.你也许认为会花上八年时间才会回落至原来的速度,也许是10年-不,是45年。08:1664-year-old men and women are running as fast as they wereat age 19.60岁的男性和女性 与他们在19岁时跑的一样快。08:22Now I defy you to come up with any other physical activity-and please
49、dont say golf-something that actually is hard-where geriatrics are performing as well as they did asteenagers.现在我看大家能不能想出任何其他的体育运动-请不要说高尔夫-一些确实非常困难的运动-在什么运动中老人与 他们年轻时表现的一样好。08:27progressively:adv.渐进地;日益增多地 succumb:vi.屈服;死;被压垮 rigors:n.严格;寒颤;酷烈(rigor的复数)fall off:减少;跌落;下降;离开;衰退 defy:vt.藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空/
50、n.挑战；对抗 geriatrics:n.老年病学;老年病人 as well as:也;和一样;不但而且So you have these three mysteries.那么大家知道了这三个谜团。08:39Is there one piece in the puzzle which might wrap all thesethings up?这谜团中是否有一项 能对所有这些事情进行总结？08:41Youve got to be really careful any time someone looks backin prehistory and tries to give you some