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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Chris Anderson:The rights of citizens,the future of theInternet.克里斯?安德森:公民的权利,互联网的未来。00:13So I would like to welcome to the TED stage the man behindthose revelations,Ed Snowden.让我们欢迎,将这一切公诸于世的人 来到 TED 的讲台,爱德华?斯诺登00:17(Applause)Ed is in a remote location somewhere in Russiacontrolling th
2、is bot from his laptop,so he can see what thebot can see.（鼓掌）爱德华位于遥远的俄罗斯某处 他通过笔记本电脑操控这个网络机器人,他能看到这个网络机器人能看到的一切。00:25Ed,welcome to the TED stage.爱德华,欢迎来到TED。00:40What can you see,as a matter of fact?事实上,你都能看到些什么？00:42Edward Snowden:Ha,I can see everyone.爱德华?斯诺登:哈,我能看到每一个人。00:45This is amazing.这太酷了。00
3、:47(Laughter)CA:Ed,some questions for you.（笑声）克里斯?安德森:爱德华,我想问你一些问题。00:49Youve been called many things in the last few months.在过去的几个月里 人们给予你多种称谓。00:56Youve been called a whistleblower,a traitor,a hero.你被称作是告密者、卖国贼、英雄。00:59What words would you describe yourself with?你会用怎样的字眼来形容自己？01:05ES:You know,ever
4、ybody who is involved with this debate hasbeen struggling over me and my personality and how todescribe me.爱德华?斯诺登:那些卷入 这场争论的人 都纠结于我是谁,我有怎样的性格 以及要如何描述我。01:09revelations:n.启示录(书名)Snowden:n.斯诺登(姓氏)as a matter of fact:事实上 whistleblower:告发者;检举者traitor:n.叛徒;卖国贼;背信弃义的人But when I think about it,this isnt t
5、he question that weshould be struggling with.但当我想说,我们不该纠结于这些问题。01:19Who I am really doesnt matter at all.我是谁,这真的不重要。01:24If Im the worst person in the world,you can hate me andmove on.如果我是世界上最坏的人,你可以恨我,然后继续你的生活。01:28What really matters here are the issues.真正重要的是这些问题。01:32What really matters here is
6、the kind of government we want,the kind of Internet we want,the kind of relationshipbetween people and societies.真正重要的是,我们想要怎样的政府,我们想要怎样的互联网,我们想要怎样的 人与社会关系。01:35And thats what Im hoping the debate will move towards,and weve seen that increasing over time.这些才是我所希望的讨论方向,我们也看到,有更多讨论正在进行中。01:43If I had
7、to describe myself,I wouldnt use words like hero.如果我要形容我自己,我并不会用“英雄”这样的字眼。01:48I wouldnt use patriot,and I wouldnt use traitor.我不是“爱国者”,亦不是“叛国贼”。01:52Id say Im an American and Im a citizen,just like everyoneelse.我是一个美国人,是一个公民,就和大家一样。01:54CA:So just to give some context for those who dont knowthe who
8、le story-this time a year ago,you were stationed inHawaii working as a consultant to the NSA.克里斯?安德森:现在为那些 不了解完整事件的人介绍一下 一年前,你驻扎在夏威夷 作为美国国家安全局的顾问。01:59As a sysadmin,you had access to their systems,and youbegan revealing certain classified documents to somehandpicked journalists leading the way to Ju
9、nes revelations.作为系统管理员,你可以 进入他们的系统,然后你开始将所获取的机密文件 发给你精心挑选的记者们,随之而然,发生了六月份的揭秘事件。02:14patriot:n.爱国者 stationed:n.站;驻地;地位;身分/vt.配置;安置;驻扎 revealing:adj.透露真情的;有启迪作用的;袒胸露肩的/v.揭示;展现(reveal的ing形式)handpicked:adj.偏心挑选的,精心挑选出来的;用手挑选的/v.用手采摘;仔细挑选(handpick的过去分词)journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数)Now,what propelled
10、 you to do this?是什么使你有做这件事的动力呢？02:27ES:You know,when I was sitting in Hawaii,and the yearsbefore,when I was working in the intelligence community,爱德华?斯诺登:你知道吗,当我在夏威夷的时候,和之前的一年,那时我在情报系统工作,02:33TED演讲者：Edward Snowden|爱德华?斯诺登演讲标题：Here.s how we take back the Internet|取回属于我们的互联网内容概要：Appearing by teleprese
11、nce robot,Edward Snowden speaks at TED2014 aboutsurveillance and Internet freedom.The right to data privacy,he suggests,is not a partisan issue,but requires a fundamental rethink of the role of the internet in our lives and the laws thatprotect it.Your rights matter,”he says,because you never know w
12、hen you.re going to needthem.Chris Anderson interviews,with special guest Tim Berners-Lee.爱德华?斯诺登以移动机器人登上 TED2014 的讲台，探讨有关监视和网络自由的话题。他认为，保护数据隐私的权利不只是一个政党政治的议题，我们需要从根本上重新思考互联网在我们生活中的角色，和保护它的法律。你的权利至关重要，他说，因为你不会知道你什么时候会需要用到它。克里斯?安德森和他进行互动访谈，同时也邀请了特别来宾蒂姆?博纳斯-李参与对话。I saw a lot of things that had disturb
13、ed me.我看到很多令我不安的事。02:40We do a lot of good things in the intelligence community,things that need to be done,and things that help everyone.在情报系统,我们做很多有益的事,那些需要被完成的事,那些可以帮助人们的事。02:44But there are also things that go too far.但是,有些事做得过头了。02:51There are things that shouldnt be done,and decisions thatwere
14、 being made in secret without the publics awareness,without the publics consent,and without even ourrepresentatives in government having knowledge of theseprograms.不应该做那些事,那些秘密做出的决定,是在公众无意识到的情况下,在公众未允许的情况下,在甚至于政府内的代表 都不知道的情况下。02:53When I really came to struggle with these issues,I thought tomyself,h
15、ow can I do this in the most responsible way,thatmaximizes the public benefit while minimizing the risks?当我和这些事物斗争的时候,我想,要如何以最可靠地方式完成,最大化公众利益 同时将风险最小化？03:08propelled:adj.推进的/v.推动;驱使(propel的过去分词)disturbed:adj.扰乱的;为心理失常者而设的/v.干扰(disturb的过去分词)awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道 consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应/n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成
16、 representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式)maximizes:vt.取最大值;对极为重视/vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值 minimizing:n.数自极小化;求最小参数值/adj.极小值的/v.将减到最少(minimize的ing形式)And out of all the solutions that I could come up with,out ofgoing to Congress,when there were no laws,there were nolegal protections for a private employ
17、ee,a contractor inintelligence like myself,在我所能想到的所有解决方案 除了去国会,当没有法律 也没有针对私人雇员的 合法保护的情况下,像我这样在情报系统工作的合约人员,03:23there was a risk that I would be buried along with theinformation and the public would never find out.存在着我会和情报一起消失 而公众永远都会被蒙在鼓里的风险。03:36But the First Amendment of the United States Constitu
18、tionguarantees us a free press for a reason,and thats to enablean adversarial press,to challenge the government,but alsoto work together with the government,to have a dialogueand debate about how we can但是美国宪法的第一条修正案 保证了我们的新闻自由,这确保了有站在对立面的媒体,来挑战政府,但同时和政府合作,进行对话,讨论我们要如何03:42inform the public about mat
19、ters of vital importance withoutputting our national security at risk.将重要信息传达给公众 而不会将我们的国家安全置于危险中。03:58And by working with journalists,by giving all of myinformation back to the American people,rather thantrusting myself to make the decisions about publication,weve had a robust debate with a deep in
20、vestment by thegovernment that I think has resulted in a benefit foreveryone.通过和记者合作,通过将所有我搜集到的信息 还给美国人民,而不是相信我自己来 做出有关于出版的决定,我们有过一场热烈辩论 有关政府的一项深入投资,我想这是对每个人都是有益的。04:07come up with:提出;想出;赶上 protections:n.保护(protection的复数);保护动作 contractor:n.承包人;立契约者Amendment:n.修正案;改善;改正 guarantees:v.保证(guarantee的第三人称
21、单数)/n.保证,法担保;抵押物(guarantee的复数)press for:迫切要求 adversarial:adj.对抗的;对手的,敌手的 robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的 resulted:结果/致使/成绩/答案/起因And the risks that have been threatened,the risks that havebeen played up by the government have never materialized.而政府恐吓的所谓风险,政府宣扬的 所谓风险 从未成为现实。04:28Weve never seen any evidenc
22、e of even a single instance ofspecific harm,and because of that,Im comfortable with thedecisions that I made.我们没见到任何一个 具体伤害案例的证据 正因为这样 我对自己做出的决定感到合理。04:37CA:So let me show the audience a couple of examples ofwhat you revealed.克里斯?安德森:让我展示给观众 你揭示的一些文件作为例子。04:46If we could have a slide up,and Ed,I don
23、t know whether youcan see,the slides are here.我们向前翻一页,爱德华,我不知道你能不能看到这里展示的幻灯片。04:51This is a slide of the PRISM program,and maybe you couldtell the audience what that was that was revealed.这个幻灯片展示的是棱镜门项目,也许你可以告诉观众 你揭示的是什么。04:56ES:The best way to understand PRISM,because theres beena little bit of con
24、troversy,is to first talk about what PRISMisnt.爱德华?斯诺登:了解棱镜门最好的方式,因为存在些许论战,05:03Much of the debate in the U.S.has been about metadata.美国的很多争辩有关元数据。05:11Theyve said its just metadata,its just metadata,and theyretalking about a specific legal authority called Section 215 ofthe Patriot Act.他们说这只是有关元数据,
25、仅此而已,他们谈论一个特殊的法定权利,即爱国者法案的第215章节。05:14materialized:使成真/实现/使物质化,使具体化(materialize的过去式和过去分词)PRISM:n.棱镜;晶体数棱柱 metadata:n.计元数据 authority:n.权威；权力；当局That allows sort of a warrantless wiretapping,masssurveillance of the entire countrys phone records,things likethat-who youre talking to,when youre talking to
26、 them,where you traveled.这个章节允许未经授权的窃听行为,大面积监察整个国家的 电话记录,还有如下的事 你在和谁说话,你什么时候和他们说话,你去了哪里旅游。05:22These are all metadata events.这都是元数据事件。05:34PRISM is about content.棱镜门与内容息息相关。05:37Its a program through which the government could compelcorporate America,it could deputize corporate America todo its dirt
27、y work for the NSA.通过这个项目政府能够 强迫美国的企业 能够代理美国企业 来为美国国家安全局做卑鄙的工作。05:40And even though some of these companies did resist,eventhough some of them-I believe Yahoo was one of them challenged them in court,they all lost,because it was nevertried by an open court.即使很多这些公司做出了抵抗,即使这其中很多公司 我相信雅虎是其中一个 在法庭上做出了挑
28、战,但他们都失败了,因为这一切辩论从不是在公开法庭进行的。05:51They were only tried by a secret court.而是只在秘密法庭中进行。06:03And something that weve seen,something about the PRISMprogram thats very concerning to me is,theres been atalking point in the U.S.government where theyve said 15federal judges那些我们看到的事情,那些棱镜门项目中对我来说感到非常担忧的是,美国政
29、府的其中一条论据是 他们说15名联邦法院法官06:06www.XiYuS锡育软件have reviewed these programs and found them to be lawful,but what they dont tell you is those are secret judges in asecret court based on secret interpretations of law thatsconsidered 34,000 warrant requests over 33 years,and in 33years only rejected 11 govern
30、ment requests.审查过这些项目并且认为这是合法的,但他们没有告诉你的是 那些是秘密法官 在秘密法庭 基于对于法律的秘密解读,在33年内共收到 34000件认证请求,并且在33年内,仅拒绝了 11项政府请求。06:16wiretapping:n.窃听;窃听器/adj.搭线窃听的 surveillance:n.监督;监视 deputize:vi.代理;代表/vt.指定为代理;授权为代表 dirty work:不法行为;卑鄙勾当;苦活 reviewed:v.复习;评估;评论;检讨(review的过去分词形式)interpretations:n.计解释These arent the peo
31、ple that we want deciding what the roleof corporate America in a free and open Internet should be.我们不希望也不需要这些人来 决定美国在一个自由开放的网路社会 所要扮演怎样的角色。06:41CA:Now,this slide that were showing here shows the datesin which different technology companies,Internetcompanies,are alleged to have joined the program,and
32、where data collection began from them.克里斯?安德森:现在,这张幻灯片 展示了 各个科技公司,互联网企业,被指加入此项目的日期,也就是从这些日期起,这些公司经手的数据被搜集起来。06:48Now,they have denied collaborating with the NSA.此时,它们否认了与美国国家安全局有合作关系。07:00How was that data collected by the NSA?这些数据是如何被美国国家安全局收集的呢？07:05ES:Right.So the NSAs own slides refer to it as d
33、irect access.爱德华?斯诺登:有关美国国家安全局的这些页面指的是其对信息的直接涉入。07:10What that means to an actual NSA analyst,someone like mewho was working as an intelligence analyst targeting,Chinese cyber-hackers,things like that,in Hawaii,is theprovenance of that data is directly from their servers.这对于一个真正的国安局分析师意味着,像我这样从事情报分析
34、的工作人员,追踪,中国的网络骇客,这类的工作,在夏威夷,这些数据的出处 是直接来自他们的服务器的。07:16It doesnt mean that theres a group of companyrepresentatives sitting in a smoky room with the NSA pallingaround and making back-room deals about how theyregoing to give this stuff away.这并不是说 有一批各个公司的代表 坐在烟雾缭绕的房间里,在国安局打得火热,从事密室交易 探讨他们如何出卖这些数据。07:3
35、0alleged:adj.所谓的;声称的;被断言的/v.宣称(allege的过去式和过去分词);断言 collaborating:n.合作;协作/v.合作(collaborate的ing形式);协调 analyst:n.分析者;精神分析医师;分解者 palling:n.朋友,伙伴;同志/vi.结为朋友Now each company handles it different ways.每个公司都有不同的处理方式。07:42Some are responsible.有些公司很负责任。07:44Some are somewhat less responsible.有些就不那么负责了。07:46Bu
36、t the bottom line is,when we talk about how thisinformation is given,its coming from the companiesthemselves.但主要原則是,当我们讨论到 这些信息是如何提交给国安局,是这些公司自己提供的。07:48Its not stolen from the lines.并不是遭到窃取。07:55But theres an important thing to remember here:eventhough companies pushed back,even though companiesdem
37、anded,hey,lets do this through a warrant process,letsdo this where we actually have some sort of legal review,some sort of basis for handing over these users data,we sawstories in the Washington Post last year that werent as wellreported as the PRISM story that said the NSA broke in tothe data cente
38、r communications between Google to itselfand Yahoo to itself.但有一点值得注意的是:即使这些公司退回国安局的提案,即使这些公司询问,嘿,我们可以通过正当的渠道做这些事,我们这样处理 我们确实有一些法律审查,一些类似移交 用户数据的基本条例,我们看到华盛顿邮报去年的报道,尽管没有像棱镜门事件这样详细,其报道称,国家安全局闯入 谷歌的数据中心 将其连接入自己的数据库,同时遭涉入的还有雅虎。07:58So even these companies that are cooperating in at least acompelled but
39、 hopefully lawful manner with the NSA,the即使这些公司 至少是在被强迫,但还是考量到法律因素的状况下 与国安局进行合作,国安局仍对此不甚满意,因为这样,我们需要这些公司 能够更加努compelled but hopefully lawful manner with the NSA,theNSA isnt satisfied with that,and because of that,we needour companies to work very hard to guarantee that theyregoing to represent the i
40、nterests of the user,and alsoadvocate for the rights of the users.甚满意,因为这样,我们需要这些公司 能够更加努力 来保证他们将会代表 用户的利益,并且 为用户的权益发声。08:29bottom line:结果;概要;帐本底线 cooperating:adj.合作的;协同操作的;共同运转的/v.合作;促成(cooperate的ing形式)compelled:v.迫使(compel的过去式及过去分词形式);强迫 satisfied with:满意;对感到满意 advocate:vt.提倡,主张,拥护/n.提倡者;支持者;律师And
41、 I think over the last year,weve seen the companies thatare named on the PRISM slides take great strides to do that,and I encourage them to continue.我认为,在过去的一年,我们看到这些在棱镜门中被点名的公司 做出巨大的努力,我鼓励他们继续斗争。08:51CA:What more should they do?克里斯?安德森:你认为他们还需要做哪些进一步的工作呢？09:00ES:The biggest thing that an Internet c
42、ompany in Americacan do today,right now,without consulting with lawyers,toprotect the rights of users worldwide,is to enable SSL webencryption on every page you visit.爱德华?斯诺登:此时此刻,美国的网络公司 可以做的是,无须与律师咨询,保障全球范围内用户的权利,在用户造访的每个网页 开启加密套接字协议层。09:02The reason this matters is today,the NSA can see a record
43、ofthat,the Russian intelligence service can see a record of that,the Chinese service can see a record of that,the Frenchservice,the German service,the services of Andorra.其重要的原因在于,国安局可以看到这份浏览记录,俄罗斯的情报机构可以看到这份浏览记录,中国的情报机关也能看到这份浏览记录,法国的情报机构,德国的情报机构,安道尔共和国的情报机构也能看到。09:21They can all see it because its
44、unencrypted.这些机构都能看到这份浏览记录,因为它没有被加密保护起来。09:40but not only do they not support encryption by default,youcannot choose to use encryption when browsing throughbooks.但亚马逊既没有默认支持加密保护,用户个人在浏览书籍的时候,也无法选择使用加密保护。09:47This is something that we need to change,not just forAmazon,I dont mean to single them out,b
45、ut theyre a greatexample.我们需要改变,不只是亚马逊,我并不是想针对它,但不得不说,它是个好例子。09:53strides:n.大步;步幅(stride的复数形式)/v.跨过;迈步(stride的第三人称单数形式)consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;顾问的,任专职顾问的/v.咨询,请教;商议(consult的现在分词形式)encryption:n.加密;加密术 unencrypted:adj.非加密的 browsing:n.浏览/v.浏览;吃草(browse的ing形式)All companies need to move to an encrypted br
46、owsing habitby default for all users who havent taken any action orpicked any special methods on their own.所有的公司需要 默认加密保护所有用户的浏览记录,保护那些没有安装任何加密措施 或没有设置特殊选择的用户。09:58Thatll increase the privacy and the rights that people enjoyworldwide.这将会加强隐私保护和 全球人民所应当享有的权利。10:08CA:Ed,come with me to this part of th
47、e stage.克里斯?安德森:爱德华,跟我一起来到舞台的这边,10:13I want to show you the next slide here.(Applause)This is aprogram called Boundless Informant.我想展示下一张幻灯片。（鼓掌）这个项目名叫“无限线人”。10:16What is that?那是什么？10:21ES:So,Ive got to give credit to the NSA for usingappropriate names on this.爱德华?斯诺登:我想要感谢国安局 为它们自己的这个项目起了合适的名字。10:2
48、3This is one of my favorite NSA cryptonyms.这是我最喜欢的国安局假名。10:28Boundless Informant is a program that the NSA hid fromCongress.“无限线人”是国安局隐瞒国会的一个项目。10:31The NSA was previously asked by Congress,was there anyability that they had to even give a rough ballpark estimateof the amount of American communicati
49、ons that were beingintercepted.之前,国会曾问过国家安全局,有没有任何方法 能够给一个大概的估算,估算出美国的通讯 有多少是被窃听的。10:36encrypted:v.把编码;把加密(encrypt的过去分词)Boundless:adj.无限的;无边无际的 Informant:n.被调查者;告密者;提供消息者 give credit to:赞许/相信 ballpark:n.(美)棒球场;活动领域;可变通范围/adj.大约的 intercepted:v.拦截,中途阻止(intercept的过去分词);数军截取They said no.They said,we don
50、t track those stats,and wecant track those stats.他们说没有。他们说,我们不会追踪那些数据,并且我们也不能追踪那些数据。10:49We cant tell you how many communications wereintercepting around the world,because to tell you thatwould be to invade your privacy.我们无法告诉你们,我们在全球范围内正在窃听多少通讯资料,因为如果告知你们的这个行为 是侵犯你们隐私的。10:53Now,I really appreciate