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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Thank you.(Applause)Could I protect my father from theArmed Islamic Group with a paring knife?谢谢。（掌声）我能保护父亲 那是 1993 年 6 月某个星期二的早晨,1197659That was the question I faced one Tuesday morning in Juneof 1993,when I was a law student.这是我曾面对的问题,那是 1993 年 6 月某个星期二的早晨,当时我还是法律系学生。00:17I woke up ea
2、rly that morning in Dads apartment on theoutskirts of Algiers,Algeria,to an unrelenting pounding onthe front door.那天早上我起得早,我在父亲的公寓里,在阿尔及利亚的阿尔及尔郊区,前门不断传来重击声。00:23It was a season as described by a local paper when everyTuesday a scholar fell to the bullets of fundamentalistassassins.地方报形容这个季节 每周二都会有位学
3、者 死在基本教义派刺客的子弹下。00:31My fathers university teaching of Darwin had alreadyprovoked a classroom visit from the head of the so-calledIslamic Salvation Front,who denounced Dad as an advocateof biologism before Dad had ejected the man,and nowwhoever was outside would neither identify himself nor goaway.我
4、父亲在大学教的达尔文课程 激怒了一位旁听者,他来自所谓的伊斯兰拯救阵线总部,谴责我父亲是生物中心论的拥护者之后,我父亲才将他赶出教室。而现在不管门外站的是谁,他都不会表明身分,也不会离开。00:40paring:n.削皮;削下来的薄片/v.削掉(pare的现在分词)outskirts:n.市郊,郊区 unrelenting:adj.无情的;不屈不挠的;不松懈的 pounding:n.重击;重击声/v.捣碎;向猛打;重敲(pound的ing形式)fundamentalist:n.基要主义者;信奉正统派基督教的人/adj.基要主义的 assassins:n.刺客;暗杀者(assassin复数);诋
5、毁者 provoked:v.激起;挑衅(provoke的过去分词)/adj.被激怒的;受到挑衅的 so-called:adj.所谓的；号称的 denounced:adj.公开抨击的/v.谴责;揭发;声明无效(denounce的过去分词)advocate:vt.提倡,主张,拥护/n.提倡者;支持者;律师 ejected:adj.射出的;被驱逐的;被放出的/v.喷射;驱逐(eject的过去分词)So my father tried to get the police on the phone,butperhaps terrified by the rising tide of armed extr
6、emism thathad already claimed the lives of so many Algerian officers,they didnt even answer.我父亲试着打电话叫警察,但也许警察被高涨的情势吓到,因为武装极端主义已经夺去 非常多阿尔及利亚警官的性命,没有人接听电话。00:58And that was when I went to the kitchen,got out a paringknife,and took up a position inside the entryway.那时我去厨房,拿出一支水果刀,在大门前摆好姿势。01:11It was a
7、 ridiculous thing to do,really,but I couldnt think ofanything else,and so there I stood.其实做这件事很蠢,但我想不到还能做什么,只好就站在那。01:17When I look back now,I think that that was the moment thatset me on the path was to writing a book called Your FatwaDoes Not Apply Here:现在回过头看,我想就是那一刻 让我决定写一本书,书名是你的伊斯兰教令不适用于此;01:2
8、3Untold Stories from the Fight Against MuslimFundamentalism.对抗伊斯兰教基本教义派不为人知的故事。01:31The title comes from a Pakistani play.标题源自于巴基斯坦戏剧。01:35I think it was actually that moment that sent me on thejourney to interview 300 people of Muslim heritage fromnearly 30 countries,from Afghanistan to Mali,to fin
9、d outhow they fought fundamentalism peacefully like my fatherdid,and how they coped with the attendant risks.我想正是那个时刻 让我展开一段旅程,访问三百位穆斯林出身的人,他们来自三十个国家,从阿富汗到马利,我找出他们如何和平对抗基本教义派,就跟我父亲一样,以及他们如何设法解决伴随而来的风险。01:38extremism:n.极端主义(尤指政治上的极右或极左);极端性;过激主义 entryway:n.入口通道 ridiculous:adj.可笑的；荒谬的 Fatwa:n.法学家的裁决 U
10、ntold:adj.数不清的;未说过的;未透露的;无限的 Fight Against:v.对抗;反对;与作斗争Fundamentalism:n.原教旨主义;基要主义 peacefully:adv.平静地;和平地 coped:vi.处理;对付;竞争/n.长袍 attendant:adj.伴随的;侍候的/n.服务员,侍者;随员,陪从Luckily,back in June of 1993,our unidentified visitor wentaway,but other families were so much less lucky,and thatwas the thought that
11、motivated my research.幸运的是,1993 年 6 月 那位未表明身分的访客离开了,但其他家庭可没那么幸运,就是这个想法驱使我做研究。01:58In any case,someone would return a few months later andleave a note on Dads kitchen table,which simply said,Consider yourself dead.无论是哪种情况,几个月后都会有人回来,在我父亲的餐桌上留张纸条,上面写着;准备幫自己办后事。02:10TED演讲者：Karima Bennoune|卡里玛贝努姆演讲标题：Wh
12、en people of Muslim heritage challenge fundamentalism|恐怖主义没有成为头条的那一面内容概要：Karima Bennoune shares four powerful stories of real people fighting againstfundamentalism in their own communities refusing to allow the faith they love to become atool for crime,attacks and murder.These personal stories human
13、ize one of the mostoverlooked human-rights struggles in the world.卡里玛贝努姆分享四则充满力量的真实故事，其中人们在自己的社群中奋力反抗基本教义派，拒绝让自己深爱的信仰成为犯罪、攻击与谋杀的工具。这些人的故事为世界上其中一个最受忽视的人权问题增添了人性的色彩。Subsequently,Algerias fundamentalist armed groups wouldmurder as many as 200,000 civilians in what came to beknown as the dark decade of
14、the 1990s,including everysingle one of the women that you see here.随后,阿尔及利亚的基本教义派武装团体 谋杀二十万名老百姓,这是后来我们所知 1990 年代的黑暗十年,亡者包括你在这里 可以看到的每一位女性。02:18In its harsh counterterrorist response,the state resorted totorture and to forced disappearances,and as terrible as all ofthese events became,the internation
15、al community largelyignored them.而在严酷的反恐对策中,政府诉诸酷刑与强迫失踪,和这些事件一样恐怖的是 国际间大多忽视他们。02:34Finally,my father,an Algerian peasants son turnedprofessor,was forced to stop teaching at the university andto flee his apartment,but what I will never forget aboutMahfoud Bennoune,my dad,最后,我的父亲,身为教授的阿尔及利亚农民之子,被迫停止在大
16、学教书,并要他的从公寓消失,但我永远忘不了的是 马福班努尼,我的父亲,02:47unidentified:adj.未经确认的;未辨别出的,身份不明的 much less:更不用说;不及 motivated:adj.有动机的;有积极性的/v.使产生动机;激发的积极性(motivate的过去式和过去分词)In any case:无论如何 Subsequently:adv.随后,其后;后来harsh:adj.严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的/counterterrorist:反恐怖主义者 resorted:n.凭借,手段;度假胜地;常去之地/vi.求助,诉诸;常去;采取某手段或方法 disap
17、pearances:n.绝灭(电影名)peasant:n.农民;乡下人 flee:vi.逃走;消失,消散/vt.逃跑,逃走;逃避was that like so many other Algerian intellectuals,he refusedto leave the country and he continued to publish pointedcriticisms,both of the fundamentalists and sometimes ofthe government they battled.就像许多阿尔及利亚的知识分子一样 拒绝离开祖国,而且他持续发表尖锐评论,
18、他们与基本教义派作战,也不时与政府作战。02:59For example,in a November 1994 series in the newspaper ElWatan entitled How Fundamentalism Produced a Terrorismwithout Precedent,例如国家报1994 年 11 月的系列报导 题为基本教义派如何无先例地制造出恐怖主义03:11he denounced what he called the terrorists radical breakwith the true Islam as it was lived by our
19、ancestors.他谴责所谓的 恐怖主义激进分子破坏了 长久以来先民遵循的伊斯兰真理。03:22These were words that could get you killed.这些字眼可能会让你丧命。03:29My fathers country taught me in that dark decade of the1990s that the popular struggle against Muslimfundamentalism is one of the most important andoverlooked human rights struggles in the wo
20、rld.我父亲的祖国教我,在那黑暗的 90 年代,扺抗穆斯林基本教义派的浪潮 是世界上最重要 且被忽视的人权抗争之一,03:32This remains true today,nearly 20 years later.即使将近二十年后的今日仍是如此。03:45You see,in every country where you hear about armedjihadis targeting civilians,there are also unarmed peopledefying those militants that you dont hear about,and thosepeo
21、ple need our support to succeed.你看,不管在哪个国家 你都会听到武装圣战者 针对平民百姓,也有很多手无寸铁的人民 公然反抗那些激进分子,只是你没听过,那些人需要我们的支持才能成功。03:49intellectuals:n.劳经知识分子(intellectual的复数)criticisms:n.批评;评论(criticism的复数形式)fundamentalists:n.原教旨主义者(fundamentalist的复数形式);基要派 battled:有雉堞的;有城垛的 entitled:adj.有资格的;给与名称的/v.给权利;给定书名;授以荣誉(entitle的
22、过去分词)Precedent:n.先例;前例/adj.在前的;在先的 break with:v.结束;与绝交,和断绝关系;和决裂 overlooked:n.被忽视/v.忽视(overlook的过去式和过去分词形式);忽略;俯瞰 jihadis:兰圣战分子unarmed:adj.没有武装的;无武器的/v.缴械;解除的武装(unarm的过去分词)defying:反抗 militants:n.激进份子(militant的复数)In the West,its often assumed that Muslims generallycondone terrorism.西方国家通常都认为 穆斯林普遍都会容
23、忍恐怖行动。04:03Some on the right think this because they view Muslimculture as inherently violent,and some on the left imaginethis because they view Muslim violence,fundamentalistviolence,solely as a product of legitimate grievances.有些右翼者这样想是因为他们认为 伊斯兰教文化与生俱来就很暴力,有些左翼者这样想是因为 他们认为穆斯林暴力、基本教义派的暴力,完全是合理的怨愤产
24、物。04:08But both views are dead wrong.但这两种观点都大错特错。04:21In fact,many people of Muslim heritage around the worldare staunch opponents both of fundamentalism and ofterrorism,and often for very good reason.事实上许多生来就是伊斯兰教徒的人 在世界各地都坚决反对 基本主义和恐怖主义,而且通常都有很好的理由。04:23You see,theyre much more likely to be victim
25、s of thisviolence than its perpetrators.你看,他们更像是暴力受害者,而非加害者。04:34Let me just give you one example.我举个例子。04:39According to a 2009 survey of Arabic language mediaresources,no more than 15 percent of al Qaedas victimswere Westerners.根据一份 2009 年 阿拉伯语的媒体调查,盖达组织的受害者中,不到 15%是欧美人。04:41condone:vt.宽恕;赦免 inher
26、ently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地 solely:adv.单独地,唯一地 legitimate:adj.合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的/vt.使合法；认为正当(等于legitimize)grievances:n.抱怨,不平(grievance的复数形式);垒块 staunch:adj.坚定的;忠诚的;坚固的/vt.止住;止血 opponents:n.对手(opponent的复数形式)perpetrators:n.犯罪者;作恶者;行凶者survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览/vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰/vi.测量土地 no more than:adv.只是;仅仅 Westerners:n.
27、西方人(westerner的复数)Thats a terrible toll,but the vast majority were people ofMuslim heritage,killed by Muslim fundamentalists.那是很恐怖的死亡人数,但大多数人生下来就是穆斯林,却被穆斯林基本主义者所杀害。04:54Now Ive been talking for the last five minutes aboutfundamentalism,and you have a right to know exactly what Imean.我已经谈了五分钟基本教义派,而你们
28、有权知道 我真正要传达的意思。05:01I cite the definition given by the Algerian sociologistMarieme Helie Lucas,and she says that fundamentalisms,note the s,so within all of the worlds great religioustraditions,我引用的定义出自阿尔及利亚社会学家 玛丽梅艾利鲁卡斯,她说众多的基本教义派,注意众多,在全世界的重要宗教传统中,05:08fundamentalisms are political movements of th
29、e extremeright which in a context of globalization manipulate religionin order to achieve their political aims.众多的基本教义派都是极右派的政治运动,在全球化的背景下 操控宗教,来达成他们的政治目的。05:21Sadia Abbas has called this the radical politicization oftheology.萨迪亚阿巴斯称此为 宗教理论的极端政治化。05:31Now I want to avoid projecting the notion that t
30、heres sort ofa monolith out there called Muslim fundamentalism that isthe same everywhere,because these movements also havetheir diversities.我想尽量避免投射出某种想法,那就是有种庞大的组织 称为穆斯林基本教义派,在各地都一样,因为这些运动也各有不同。05:37sociologist:n.社会学家 religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑 traditions:传统globalization:n.全球化 manipula
31、te:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改 Abbas:n.阿巴斯(地名,伊朗最大港口);阿巴斯王朝politicization:n.政治化 theology:n.神学;宗教体系 projecting:adj.突出的;伸出的/v.使突出(project的现在分词);计划;发射 monolith:n.整块石料;庞然大物Some use and advocate violence.有一些使用与提倡暴力,05:47Some do not,though theyre often interrelated.有些则不然,虽然他们常相互影响。05:49They take different forms.他们都
32、有不同的形式。05:52Some may be non-governmental organizations,even here inBritain like Cageprisoners.有些也许是非政府组织,即使在英国这里,像是伊斯兰教囚犯组织。05:53Some may become political parties,like the MuslimBrotherhood,and some may be openly armed groups likethe Taliban.有些则成为政党,像是穆斯林兄弟会,有些可能是公开的武装团体,像是塔利班。05:59But in any case,t
33、hese are all radical projects.但不论是哪一种,这些都是激进的化身。06:06Theyre not conservative or traditional approaches.那不是保守或传统的手段,06:09Theyre most often about changing peoples relationshipwith Islam rather than preserving it.也往往改变大众与伊斯兰教的关系,而非保护这段关系。06:12What I am talking about is the Muslim extreme right,and thef
34、act that its adherents are or purport to be Muslim makesthem no less offensive than the extreme right anywhere else.我指的是穆斯林的极右派,以及它的追随者 自称是穆斯林的这个事实,不会让他们的攻击性 少于任何地方的极右派人士。06:17interrelated:adj.相关的;互相联系的/v.使相互联系(interrelate的过去式)non-governmental:非政府的;非官方的Brotherhood:n.兄弟关系;手足情谊;四海之内皆兄弟的信念 conservative
35、:adj.保守的/n.保守派,守旧者 approaches:处理preserving:n.保留,保存 adherents:n.信徒;追随者/adj.附着的;粘着的 purport:vt.声称;意图;意指;打算/n.意义,主旨;意图So in my view,if we consider ourselves liberal or left-wing,human rights-loving or feminist,we must oppose thesemovements and support their grassroots opponents.因此在我看来,如果我们自认为 自由主义者或左派人
36、士,爱好人权者或女性主义者,我们都必须反对这些运动,并支持反抗他们的平民百姓。06:28Now let me be clear that I support an effective struggleagainst fundamentalism,but also a struggle that must itselfrespect international law,so nothing I am saying should betaken as a justification for refusals to democratize,and hereI send out a shout-out
37、 of support to the pro-democracymovement in Algeria today,Barakat.我先声明,我支持实际的抗争 来抵抗基本教义派,但抗争也一定要 尊重国际法,因此我所说的一切都不应该被视为 拒绝民主化的辩解,在此,我要公开声援 今天在阿尔及利亚巴拉卡的亲民主运动。06:39www.XiYuS锡育软件Nor should anything I say be taken as a justification ofviolations of human rights,like the mass death sentenceshanded out in
38、Egypt earlier this week.我所说的一切也不该被视为 侵犯人权的辩解,像是本周前几天在埃及的大批死刑宣判。07:02But what I am saying is that we must challenge these Muslimfundamentalist movements because they threaten humanrights across Muslim-majority contexts,and they do this in arange of ways,我想表达的是 我们必须挑战这些穆斯林基本教义派的运动,因为他们危害人权,充斥在以穆斯林为主的社
39、会中,他们运用各种方式,07:11left-wing:adj.左派的 feminist:n.男女平等主义者/adj.主张男女平等的 grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的/n.草根;基础 justification:n.理由;辩护;认为有理,认为正当;释罪 refusals:n.拒绝;优先取舍权;推却;取舍权 democratize:vt.使民主化;使大众化/vi.民主化;大众化 send out:发送;派遣;放出 shout-out:突然呼喊,大叫 violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式)contexts:n.环境,计上下文(cont
40、ext复数)most obviously with the direct attacks on civilians by the直接攻击平民百姓,最显见的就是 透过武装团体执行各种任务。07:23most obviously with the direct attacks on civilians by thearmed groups that carry those out.行各种任务。07:23But that violence is just the tip of the iceberg.但那样的暴力只是冰山一角。07:28These movements as a whole purve
41、y discrimination againstreligious minorities and sexual minorities.这些运动普遍都宣扬 歧视宗教弱势与性别弱势。07:31They seek to curtail the freedom of religion of everyone whoeither practices in a different way or chooses not to practice.他们企图削减大家的宗教自由,针对那些用不同方式实践 或是选择不去实践的人。07:37And most definingly,they lead an all-out
42、war on the rights ofwomen.最明确的是,他们引领对女权的全面战争。07:44Now,faced with these movements in recent years,Westerndiscourse has most often offered two flawed responses.面对近年来的这些运动,西方论述最常提出 两种错误的反应。07:49The first that one sometimes finds on the right suggests thatmost Muslims are fundamentalist or something abo
43、ut Islamis inherently fundamentalist,and this is just offensive andwrong,第一种,时常出自右翼人士,他们会说大多数的穆斯林都是基本主义者,或和伊斯兰教有关的事骨子里都是基本教义派,这很冒犯,也不正确,07:57tip of the iceberg:冰山一角;事物的表面部分 as a whole:总的来说 purvey:vi.供应;供给/vt.供应;供给 discrimination:n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力 minorities:n.少数(minority的复数形式);少数民族;少数族裔 curtail:vt.缩减;剪
44、短;剥夺特权等 all-out:adj.全部的;竭尽全力的;毫无保留的 discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲/vi.演说;谈论;讲述/vt.说出;演奏出 flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的 responses:n.响应回应but unfortunately on the left one sometimes encounters adiscourse that is too politically correct to acknowledge theproblem of Muslim fundamentalism at all or,even worse,apologize
45、s for it,and this is unacceptable as well.但不幸的是,从左翼者那边也常碰到 一种过于政治正确的说法,以致于完全无法承认穆斯林基本教义的问题,更糟的是,无法为问题致歉,这也让人无法接受。08:08So what Im seeking is a new way of talking about this alltogether,which is grounded in the lived experiences and thehope of the people on the front lines.因此我想找的是一种新的方式,能够一併讨论所有问题,并且是
46、根植在生活经验中,以及前线人们的希望之中。08:22Im painfully aware that there has been an increase indiscrimination against Muslims in recent years in countrieslike the U.K.and the U.S.,and that too is a matter of graveconcern,but I firmly believe that telling these counter-stereotypical stories of people of Muslim herit
47、age who haveconfronted the fundamentalists and been their primaryvictims is also a great way of countering that discrimination.我很痛苦地意识到 近年来对穆斯林的歧视与日俱增,像是在英国、美国,这也是极度令人忧心的问题,但我坚信 诉说这些不同于刻板印象、关于穆斯林的故事,他们对抗基本主义者,且成为首当其冲的受害者,述说他们的故事也是种反抗歧视的好方式。08:32So now let me introduce you to four people whose storie
48、s Ihad the great honor of telling.因此,现在让我为各位介绍四个人,我很榮幸能与各位分享他们的故事。08:56encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅/n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见 politically:adv.政治上apologizes:道歉 grounded:adj.接地的;有基础的/v.停(ground的过去式);触地 painfully:adv.痛苦地,费力地 firmly:adv.坚定地,坚决地;坚固地,稳固地 confronted:面对 countering:n.反击;打击/v.反击;抵制(count
49、er的ing形式)Faizan Peerzada and the Rafi Peer Theatre workshop namedfor his father have for years promoted the performing arts inPakistan.法山皮扎达与以他父亲为名的 拉菲皮尔剧院工作坊,已多年在巴基斯坦推广表演艺术。09:03With the rise of jihadist violence,they began to receivethreats to call off their events,which they refused to heed.随着圣战暴
50、力的崛起,他们开始被威胁终止活动,但他们拒绝服从。09:11And so a bomber struck their 2008 eighth world performingarts festival in Lahore,producing rain of glass that fell intothe venue injuring nine people,and later that same night,the Peerzadas made a very difficult decision:they announcedthat their festival would continue