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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Why cant we solve these problems?为什么我们不能解决这些问题？00:13We know what they are.我们了解这些问题00:18Something always seems to stop us.但似乎总有什么阻止着我们00:21Why?为什么？00:25I remember March the 15th,2000.我记得是2000年的3月15日00:28The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf.B15冰山从罗斯冰架上脱落00:32In the newspaper it sa
2、id,it was all part of a normal process.“这是一个正常过程的一部分”00:37A little bit further on in the article it said a loss that wouldnormally take the ice shelf 50-100 years to replace.随后文章又说道“这个损失正常需要 50到100年的时间来恢复”00:42That same word,normal,had two different,almost oppositemeanings.同样一个词“正常”是两种不同的 甚至皆然相反的含义0
3、0:55If we walk into the B15 iceberg when we leave here today,were going to bump into something a thousand feet tall,76miles long,17 miles wide,and its going to weigh twogigatons.现在如果我们离开这儿 去往B15冰山 我们碰上的会是个 一千英尺高 76公里长 17公里宽 2亿吨重的大家伙01:03Im sorry.Theres nothing normal about this.这完全不是所谓的正常01:24And ye
4、t I think its this perspective of us as humans to look atour world through the lens of normal is one of the forces thatstops us developing real solutions.透过“正常的”镜片观察世界的 这个视角 正是阻止我们 寻求现实解决方案的力量之一01:28meanings:n.含义;价值(meaning的复数)bump into:无意中遇到,碰到 gigatons:n.十亿吨Only 90 days after this,arguably the gre
5、atest discovery ofthe last century occurred.冰山事件后的90天01:43It was the sequencing for the first time of the humangenome.这就是对人类基因组的 首次测序01:50This is the code thats in every single one of our 50 trillioncells that makes us who we are and what we are.它是存在我们身体 50兆个细胞中 决定了我们是谁的密码01:55and if we just take on
6、e cells worth of this code and unwindit,its a meter long,two nanometers thick.如果我们将一个细胞的 基因密码展开 它有一米长两纳米厚02:05Two nanometers is 20 atoms in thickness.两纳米就是20个原子那么厚02:18And I wondered,what if the answer to some of our biggestproblems could be found in the smallest of places,where thedifference betwee
7、n what is valuable and what is worthless ismerely the addition or subtraction of a few atoms,and whatif we could get exquisite control over the essence of energy,the electron.我常想 如果一些大难题的答案 就藏在最细微的地方呢？这种有价值和无意义间的 细微差别仅仅是增加或者减少 几个原子的差别 如果 我们能对能源的核心 即电子进行 精确控制呢？02:22arguably:adv.可论证地;可争辩地;正如可提出证据加以证明的
8、那样地/广义用法可能,大概 sequencing:n.计排序;计定序;排列程序/v.计定序(sequence的ing形式);使按顺序排列 genome:n.基因组;染色体组 trillion:n.数万亿/adj.万亿的/num.数万亿 unwind:vt.放松;解开;计展开/vi.放松;解开;松开 nanometers:n.计量毫微米(即十亿分之一米)atoms:n.物原子(atom的复数)thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清 subtraction:n.数减法;减少;差集 exquisite:adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；剧烈的/n.服饰过于讲究的男子So I
9、started to go around the world finding the best andbrightest scientists I could at universities whose collectivediscoveries have the chance to take us there,and we formeda company to build on their extraordinary ideas.于是我走遍世界 在大学里寻找 最优秀伟大的科学家们 他们的共同发现可能 帮我们实现这个愿望 我们成立了一个公司 来开发他们不寻常的想法02:48Six and a
10、half years later,a hundred and eighty researchers,they have some amazing developments in the lab,and I willshow you three of those today such that we can stop burningup our planet and instead,we can generate all the energy weneed right where we are,cleanly,safely,and cheaply.六年半后 180名研究者 终于在实验室有了 惊人
11、的进展 并且 我们能在我们所处的地方 以清洁安全和廉价的方式 产生所有需要的能源03:02Think of the space we spend most of our time.03:26Tremendous amount of energy is coming at us from the sun.是来自太阳03:30We like the light that comes into the room but in the middleof summer,all that heat is coming into the room that weretrying to keep cool.我
12、们喜欢射进屋子的阳光 我们得减少进入屋子的热量 保持凉爽03:33TED演讲者：Justin Hall-Tipping|贾斯汀?霍提平演讲标题：Justin Hall-Tipping:Freeing energy from the grid|将能源从电网中解放出来内容概要：Justin Hall-Tipping works on nano-energy startups-mastering the electron tocreate power.如果我们能通过窗户玻璃上提取能量会是什么情景?创业家贾斯汀?霍提平在这个感人的演讲中展现给我们能将此设想变为现实的材料，并告诉我们对所谓“正常”概念的
13、质疑能带我们找到突破。In winter,exactly the opposite is happening.冬天则完全相反03:41Were trying to heat up the space that were in,and all that istrying to get out through the window.我们则对屋子 加热 防止热量散出03:43build on:依赖,依靠;建立于;把建立于;以为基础 cleanly:adv.干净地;清洁地/adj.干净的;爱清洁的 cheaply:adv.便宜地;廉价地 Tremendous:adj.极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的 k
14、eep cool:保持冷静;保持凉爽;镇定自若 heat up:加热/变热/升温Wouldnt it be really great if the window could flick back theheat into the room if we needed it or flick it away before itcame in.如果窗户能够 根据我们的需要 把热量反射回屋里03:48One of the materials that can do this is a remarkablematerial,carbon,that has changed its form in this
15、 incrediblybeautiful reaction where graphite is blasted by a vapor,andwhen the vaporized carbon condenses it condenses backinto a different form:chickenwire rolled up.就是碳 在这个如此美妙的反应里碳改变了形态 石墨被汽化 然后在冷凝 变成一种不同的形态 象卷起来的铁丝网03:57But this chickenwire carbon,called a carbon nanotube,is ahundred thousand ti
16、mes smaller than the width of one ofyour hairs.但是这个碳网 叫做碳纳米管 它比你的头发丝 还细一千倍04:23Its a thousand times more conductive than copper.它比铜的导电能力 要高一千倍04:32How is that possible?这是怎么实现的?04:37One of the things about working at the nanoscale is thingslook and act very differently.原因之一是碳纳米管的 结构十分与众不同04:42flick:v
17、t.轻弹;忽然摇动;轻轻拂去/vi.轻弹;忽然摇动;轻轻拂去/n.弹开;快速的轻打;轻打声 graphite:n.石墨;黑铅/vt.用石墨涂(或搀入等)blasted:adj.枯萎的;被害的;被咒的 vapor:n.蒸汽;烟雾/vt.使蒸发;使汽化/vi.蒸发;吹牛;沮丧 vaporized:汽化了的 condenses:v.浓缩;使缩短(condense的三单形式)nanotube:n.奈米碳管;奈米管;纳米电子管 conductive:adj.传导的;传导性的;有传导力的You think of carbon as black.你也许觉得碳是黑的04:49Carbon at the nan
18、oscale is actually transparent and flexible.但碳纳米管里的碳 是透明的04:55And when its in this form,if I combine it with a polymer andaffix it to your window when its in its colored state it willreflect away all heat and light,and when its in its bleachedstate it will let all the light and heat through and anyc
19、ombination in between.碳处于此种形态下 如果我将其与一聚合物结合 贴到你的窗户上 在它着色的情况下 它能反射掉所有的光和热 当它是无色的状态下 它能让所有的光和热透过 也可在两种状态间调节05:06To change its state,by the way takes 2 volts from amillisecond pulse.要调节它的状态 只需要1毫秒电脉冲的2伏电05:28And once youve changed its state it stays there until youchange its state again.一旦改变状态后会持续下去 直到
20、你再次调节05:34As we were working on this incredible discovery at Universityof Florida,we were told to go down the corridor to visitanother scientist,and he was working on a pretty incrediblething.当我们在弗罗里达大学 观看这个不可思议的发现时 我们被告知去走廊的另一头 拜访另一个科学家他也正在做一个 非常不可思议的项目05:40Imagine if we didnt have to rely on artif
21、icial lighting to getround at night.试想一想 要是晚上我们 不依靠人工照明的话05:53polymer:n.高分子聚合物 affix:vt.粘上;署名;将罪责加之于/n.语词缀;附加物 bleached:adj.变白的;漂白了的/vt.使脱色;将漂白;将晒得褪色(bleach的过去分词)/vi.脱色(bleach的过去分词);变白 volts:n.伏特(volt的复数形式);电压millisecond:n.毫秒 rely on:依靠,依赖 get round:v.说服;(消息)传开来;走动;旅行;避免Wed have to see at night,righ
22、t?我们得能夜视,对吧？06:03This lets you do it.这个能帮你实现06:09Its a nanomaterial,two nanomaterials,a detector,and animager.这是个碳纳米材料,两个部件 一个探测器一个成像仪06:11The total width of it is 600 times smaller than the width of adecimal place.它的宽度 比一个小数位的大小06:17And it takes all the infrared available at night,converts itinto a
23、n electron in the space of two small films,and isenabling you to play an image which you can see through.它将夜间可获得的红外线 在2个小胶片上 转化为电子 这样可你让你看到 图像06:24Im going to show to TEDsters the first time this operating.我将向诸位 独家首次展示它06:44Firstly Im going to show you the transparency.首先你看到 它具有通透性06:49Transparency
24、is key.通透性是关键06:54Its a film that you can look through.这是一个你可以看穿的胶片06:58And then Im going to turn the lights out.我把灯关掉07:01detector:n.探测器;检测器;发现者;侦察器 imager:n.成像器,图象机 decimal:adj.小数的;十进位的/n.小数 infrared:n.红外线/adj.红外线的 converts:vt.使转变;转换;使改变信仰/vi.转变,变换;皈依;改变信仰/n.皈依者;改变宗教信仰者enabling:adj.授权的/v.使能够;授权给(e
25、nable的现在分词)see through:识破,看穿/帮助渡过难关 Firstly:adv.首先(主要用于列举条目,论点时);第一 transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃 look through:浏览,温习;看穿,识破;从中显露And you can see,off a tiny film,incredible clarity.你可以清晰地 看到胶片后面的物体07:04www.XiYuS锡育软件As we were working on this,it dawned on us This is takinginfrared radiation,wavelengt
26、hs,and converting it intoelectrons.当我们研究这个的时候,这个给我们灵光一现 这是将红外辐射,波长 转化成电子07:11What if we combined it with this?如果把它 与此结合呢？07:22Suddenly youve converted energy into an electron on aplastic surface that you can stick on your window.这样你就可以将能源 在一个塑料表面上转化为电子 你可以把这个塑料膜贴到窗户上07:31But because its flexible,it
27、can be on any surface whatsoever.因为它灵活可变性 可适用于任何表面07:41The power plant of tomorrow is no power plant.未来的发电厂 不再是电厂07:47We talked about generating and using.我们谈了开发和利用能源07:57We want to talk about storing energy,and unfortunately thebest thing weve got going is something that was developedin France a hu
28、ndred and fifty years ago,the lead acidbattery.我们的储存手段是 一百五十年前 铅酸电池08:01In terms of dollars per whats stored,its simply the best.就其经济性来说08:12clarity:n.清楚，明晰；透明/dawned:n.天亮了/v.破晓(dawn的过去分词)wavelengths:n.物波长(wavelength的复数)converting:n.转化,改变;皈依/v.使改变;皈依(convert的现在分词);兑换 electrons:n.物电子(electron的复数形式)co
29、nverted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的/v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式)generating:adj.产生的;生成的/n.产生;发生/v.计生成;引起(generate的现在分词)storing:n.储存;保管/v.储存;供应(store的ing形式)/adj.存储的 In terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词Knowing that were not going to put fifty of these in ourbasements to store our power,we went to a group atUniversity of Texas
30、 at Dallas,and we gave them this diagram.交给他们这个图表08:15It was in actually a diner outside of Dallas-Ft.Worth Airport.一个餐厅08:25We said,Could you build this?我们问道:“你们能建这个吗？”08:28And these scientists,instead of laughing at us,said,Yeah.这些科学家08:30And what they built was eBox.08:33EBox is testing new nanom
31、aterials to park an electron on theoutside,hold it until you need it,and then be able to releaseit and pass it off.电子盒子正测试碳纳米管材料 是否能将停留其外面的电子 保留住直到你需要的时候 释放它并令其通过08:37Being able to do that means that I can generate energycleanly,efficiently,and cheaply right where I am.能做到这个的话意味着 以清洁高效低廉的方式 发电08:48I
32、ts my energy.这是我的能源09:00And if I dont need it,I can convert it back up on the windowto energy,light,and beam it,line of site,to your place.如果我暂不需要 可以在窗户上将其 转化为能源,光一直照亮到你的屋子09:03And for that I do not need an electric grid between us.而这一切 完全不需要电网连接你我间的设备09:12The grid of tomorrow is no grid,and energy,
33、clean efficientenergy,will one day be free.未来的电网不需要电网 清洁高效的能源 也将被解放出来09:18basements:n.地下室;地窖 outside of:在的外面;超出的范围 efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式)If you do this,you get the last puzzle piece which is water.如果能做到这一点那就剩下最后一个问题 这就是水09:33Each of us,every day,need just eight glasses of this,beca
34、usewere human.我们每个人每天 因为我们是人类09:43When we run out of water,as we are in some parts of theworld and soon to be in other parts of the world,were goingto have to get this from the sea,and thats going to requireus to build desalination plans.这已经在有些地区发生了 不久的将来在全球都会出现这样的问题 我们就得从海里取水 这就要建海水淡化处理厂09:57Ninete
35、en trillion dollars is what were going to have to spend.这得花上19万亿美元10:08These also require tremendous amounts of energy.和无可估计的大量能源10:11In fact,its going to require twice the worlds supply of oil torun the pumps to generate the water.事实上,这需要两倍全世界的 石油供给保持机器运转 来淡化海水10:13Were simply not going to do that.
36、我们不会这么做10:20But in a world where energy is freed and transmittable easilyand cheaply,we can take any water wherever we are and turnit into whatever we need.但是如果能源能被自由地获取 并能便捷低成本地进行转化的话 我们可以随处取水 并将其处理10:22Im glad to be working with incredibly brilliant and kindscientists,no kinder than many of the pe
37、ople in the world,but they have a magic look at the world.我很高兴能与 非常聪明和友善的科学家共事 也许没有这世上的很多人 那么善良 但是他们对世界有完全不一样的看法10:34run out of:用完 desalination:n.脱盐作用;减少盐分 pumps:n.机泵;脉动(pump的复数);抽运器;无带轻便舞鞋/v.用泵送;抽动;汲取;盘问(pump的三单形式)freed:adj.释放的/v.使自由;解放(free的过去分词)kinder:adv.有几分;有一点And Im glad to see their discoveri
38、es coming out of the laband into the world.我很高兴他们的发现 能走出实验室走向世界10:45Its been a long time in coming for me.我等待这一切很久了10:50Eighteen years ago,I saw a photograph in the paper.18年前 我在报纸上看到一幅照片10:54It was taken by Kevin Carter who went to the Sudan todocument their famine there.那是凯文?卡特 在苏丹纪录大饥荒 拍下的照片11:01
39、Ive carried this photograph with me every day since then.自此我一直将这张照片 随身携带11:07Its a picture of a little girl dying of thirst.这是一个小女孩死于饥渴的照片11:14By any standard this is wrong.无庸置疑这是个悲剧11:24Its just wrong.一个悲剧11:29We can do better than this.我们能改善这种情况11:35We should do better than this.我们应该有所作为11:38And w
40、henever I go round to somebody who says,You knowwhat,youre working on something thats too difficult.每当我 听到有人说11:41Itll never happen.You dont have enough money.不会成功的 你没有足够的资金11:47You dont have enough time.没有足够的时间11:50Theres something much more interesting around thecorner,别的研究更有趣好玩儿”11:53I say,Try sa
41、ying that to her.我说:“你能对着她说这些吗”11:56thirst:n.渴望;口渴;热望/vi.渴望;口渴 go round:到处走动;绕道Thats what I say in my mind.And I just say Thank you,andI go on to the next one.我对那些人说声谢谢,继续我的研究11:59This is why we have to solve our problems,and I know theanswer as to how is to be able to get exquisite control over abuilding block of nature,the stuff of life,the simple electron.这就是为什么我们必须解决问题的原因 我知道 答案就在于 怎样去精确地控制 自然的基础单元 生命的物质:就是电子12:03Thank you.谢谢12:22(Applause)（掌声）12:24go on to:接着,继续去;转入;延续到*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*