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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件We really need to put the best we have to offer within reachof our children.我们的确需要把最好的资讯提供给孩子们，让他们随手可得。00:12If we dont do that,were going to get the generation wedeserve.如果我们不那么做，那我们会得到我们应得的一代，00:16Theyre going to learn from whatever it is they have aroundthem.他们将会从周围的一切事物中随意地学习知识。00:21
2、And we,as now the elite,parents,librarians,professionals,whatever it is,a bunch of our activities are,in fact,in tryingto get the best we have to offer within reach of those aroundus,or as broadly as we can.而我们，社会精英、家长、图书管理员、专业人士、以及其他各界人士，事实上已经开展了一系列的活动，从而尽可能地提供最好的资讯 让我们身边的人随手可得，并尽量将范围扩大00:24Im goin
3、g to start and end this talk with a couple things thatare carved in stone.在这个演讲的开始和结尾，我会讲述一些刻在石碑上的事情00:40One is whats on the Boston Public Library.一块位于波士顿公共图书馆。00:43Carved above their door is,Free to All.图书馆的大门上刻着”一切都是免费的“00:47Its kind of an inspiring statement,and Ill go back at the endof this.这种说法
4、让人深受启发，我们会在演讲即将结束时再次回顾这句话。00:50Im a librarian,and what Im trying to do is bring all of theworks of knowledge to as many people as want to read it.我是一个图书管理员，我尽力地把所有的知识以及作品 提供给需要阅读它们的人。00:54within reach of:在附近/距离不远 professionals:n.管理专业人员(professional的复数)a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗
5、鄙地 carved:adj.有雕刻的/v.雕刻(carve的过去式和过去分词)the works:作品;机械的可动部件;相关的所有事物And the idea of using technology is perfect for us.运用现代科技是十分理想的。01:03I think we have the opportunity to one-up the Greeks.我认为我们有机会超越希腊人。01:05Its not easy to one-up the Greeks.But with theindustriousness of the Egyptians,they were abl
6、e to build theLibrary of Alexandria-the idea of a copy of every book of allthe peoples of the world.想要超越希腊人是不容易的。但依靠埃及人的勤勉，他们建成了亚历山大图书馆 以实现收藏世界上每本书的梦想。01:09The problem was,you actually had to go to Alexandria to goto it.问题是，你需要去亚历山大图书馆才能看到这一切。01:20On other hand,if you did,then great things happened.
7、另一个方面，如果你真这么做了，那么大事就要发生了。01:23I think we can one-up the Greeks and achieve something.我认为我们可以比希腊人更胜一筹，去实现某些梦想。01:26And Im going to try to argue only one point today:thatuniversal access to all knowledge is within our grasp.今天我打算只探讨一个观点：把我们可以获得的所有知识提供给所有人。01:29So if Im successful,then youll actually c
8、ome away thinking,yeah,we could actually achieve the great vision of everythingever published,everything that was ever meant fordistribution,available to anybody in the world thats everwanted to have access to it.如果我成功了，你一定会这样想，是的，我们的确可以实现将所有已经出版，或曾经想要出版的知识，呈现给世界上所有需要他们的人的伟大梦想。01:37Yes,theres issues
9、 about how money should be distributedand thats still being refigured out.是的，这时出现了资金该如何分配的问题，我们还在探索怎样解决这个问题01:53one-up:adj.占上风的,胜人一筹的/vt.领先于,胜过But Id say theres plenty of money,and theres plenty ofdemand,so we can actually achieve that.但我要说，这里有足够的资金，也有大量的需求。所以我们是可以实现它的。01:59But Im going to go over t
10、he technological,social and sort ofwhere are we as a whole trying to get to that particularvision.但是我会逐步探讨在技术层面，社会层面 以及目前进行的成果以达到这个目标02:04the books,music,video and just go step,media type bymedia type,just go and say,all right,how we doing on this?书籍、音乐、影像分门别类，按媒介的种类进行归档 然后，我们选择其中一个类别开始02:16So if we
11、 start with books,you know,sort of where are we?假设我们从书籍开始，就从我们现有的资源着手02:24TED演讲者：Brewster Kahle|布鲁斯特.卡勒演讲标题：A digital library,free to the world|构建免费的数字图书馆内容概要：Brewster Kahle is an inventor,philanthropist and digital librarian.His Internet Archiveoffers 85 billion pieces of deep Web geology-a fascina
12、ting look at the formation of theInternet over the years,and a challenge to those who would keep knowledge buried.Brewster Kahle正在着手构建一个巨大的数字化图书馆，那里收录了几乎所有曾经出版的书籍、电影以及各个方面的历史网页.这个数字化的图书馆对外是免费，除非有些人能在Brewster Kahle之前构建完成一个类似的图书馆。Well,first you have to,as an engineer,scope the problem.How big is it?首先
13、，作为一个工程师，你必须要衡量一下问题的范围，有多少数量的图书？02:28If you wanted to put all of the published works online so thatanybody could have it available,well,how big a problem isit?我们现在设想的是把所有出版了的作品放在网上因此任何人都可以随意取阅，那么，这个问题有多大呢？02:32Well,we dont really know,but the largest print library in theworld is the Library of Congr
14、ess-its 26 million volumes,26million volumes.我们不知道，世界上最大的出版物藏库 就是美国国会图书馆那里有2600万卷藏书02:39Its by far and away the largest print library in the world.它是目前世界上最大的出版物图书馆02:47And a book,if you had a book,is about a megabyte,so-you know,if you had it in Microsoft Word.假设每一本书，大约是1兆字节的容量 并且，这本书是微软Word格式的02:50
15、to go over:复习 as a whole:总的来说 megabyte:n.计兆字节So a megabyte,26 million megabytes is 26 terabytes,it goesmega,giga,tera,26 terabytes.一兆一本书，2600万兆字节（MB）就是26太字节（TB）容量大小单位依次是MB，GB，TB，那里有26TB容量的信息02:5826 terabytes fits in a computer system thats about this big,on spinning Linux drives,and it costs about 6
16、0,000 dollars.如果把26TB的数据导入到大约这么大、装有Linux操作系统的计算机中，需要花费6万美元03:05So for the cost of a house-or around here,a garage-youcan put-you can have spinning all of the words in theLibrary of Congress.因此，只需要一所房子，甚至只是这么大的一个车库 你就可以存储美国国会图书馆中所有书籍的内容03:13Thats pretty neat.而且这样存放是非常简洁的03:22Then the question is:what
17、 do you get?但问题是：你得到了什么？03:24You know,is it worth trying to get there?这样做是有价值的吗？03:26Do you actually want it online?你确实希望把他们放到网上？03:28Some of the first things that people do is they make bookreaders that allow you to search inside the books,and thatskind of fun.一开始人们做的事情是让读者们 可以在书籍里任意搜寻一些资料，这种做法非常有趣
18、03:30And you can download these things and look around them innew and different ways.你可以下载这些读物，然后用新的、不同往常的方式去查阅他们03:36And you can get at them remotely,if you happen to have alaptop.如果你有一台笔记本电脑，那么你就可以进行远程下载03:39megabytes:n.百万字节(megabyte的复数)terabytes:n.兆兆字节(信息量度单位,terabyte的复数)mega:n.百万/adj.许多;宏大的/adv.
19、非常 spinning:n.纺纱/adj.纺织的/v.旋转,纺织(spin的现在分词)remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地Theres starting to be some of these sort of page turn-eeinterfaces that look a whole lot like books in certain ways,and you can search them,make little tabs,and its kind ofcute-still very book-like-on your laptop.程序中会有一个可以翻页的
20、书籍界面 使得程序看起来就像是一本书 你可以搜寻书籍中的某些内容，设置书签，这会非常简洁有趣 并且跟普通的书籍一样，呈现在你的笔记本电脑中03:45But I dont know,reading things on a laptop-whenever Ipull up my laptop it always feels like work.但是，我觉得，在笔记本电脑上阅读电子书 感觉就像是在工作03:57I think thats one of the reasons why the Kindle is so great.也许这就是Kindle之所以如此成功的一个原因04:02I dont h
21、ave to feel like Im at work to read a Kindle;itsstarting to be a little bit more specified.用Kindle阅读电子书不会让你觉得像是在工作 让人感觉就是在阅读04:05But I have to say that theres older technologies that I tend tolike.但是，我还是喜欢那些老技术做出来的东西04:11I like the physical book.我喜欢阅读实体书籍04:18And I think we can go and use our techno
22、logy to go anddigitize things-put them on the net and then download,print them and bind them and end up with books again.我认为可以用技术将书籍内容数字化 然后发布到网络上，提供给人们下载 之后再将这些内容打印、装订，最终又形成一本书的样子04:21And we sort of said,well,how hard is this?话是这么说的，但是，这将会有多难呢？04:30And it turns out to not be very hard.事实上，一点儿也不难04:
23、32tabs:n.制表符;跳格设定;标号(tab的复数)/v.命名;为加上短小突出部(tab的第三人称单数形式)pull up:拔起;停下来;阻止Kindle:vt.点燃;激起;照亮/vi.发亮;着火;激动起来 digitize:vt.计数字化We actually went off to make a bookmobile.我们曾经做过一个流动图书馆04:34And a bookmobile-the size of a van with a satellite dish,aprinter,binder and cutter,and kids make their own books.流动图书
24、馆，就是一辆小货车（面包车），里面有卫星天线 打印机，粘合剂和切割用具，这样年轻人就可以做出他们自己的书04:36It costs about three dollars to download,print and bind anormal old book.下载，打印并装订一本普通的书籍需要花费3美元04:40And they actually come out kind of nice looking.这样的书看起来非常漂亮04:46www.XiYuS锡育软件You can actually get really good-looking books for on theorder of
25、one penny per page,sort of the parts cost for doingthis.你可以得到这些好看的书 成本也就是一美分一页，当然这只是做这本书所花费成本的一部分04:48So the idea of this technology actually may end up puttingbooks back in peoples hands again.使用这种技术的创意，最终也会把书 传递给读者04:55There are some other bookmobiles running around.现在也存在一些其他人做的流动图书馆05:00This is E
26、ric Eldred making books at Walden Pond,Thoreausworks.这位是EricEldred，他主要做WaldenPond和Thoreau的作品05:02This is just before he got kicked out by the Parks Services forcompeting with the bookstore there.他刚刚被从公园服务中剔除 原因就是他和当地的书店竞争05:06In India,theyve got another couple bookmobiles runningaround.在印度，那里有一对夫妻经营
27、的流动图书馆05:12bookmobile:n.流动的汽车图书馆 binder:n.胶粘粘合剂;活页夹;装订工;捆缚者;用以绑缚之物 cutter:n.刀具,切割机;切割者;裁剪者 good-looking:adj.好看的;美貌的 competing:adj.相互矛盾的;抵触的/v.竞赛(compete的ing形式)And this is the opening day at the Library of Alexandria,thenew Library of Alexandria,in Egypt.这是亚历山大图书馆开业时的照片 新亚历山大图书馆，位于埃及05:15It was quite
28、 popularly attended.它的出现受到了人们的欢迎05:22And kids starting to make their own books,and a happy kidwith the first book that hes ever owned.孩子们开始制作他们自己的图书 这个孩子第一次拥有了属于他自己的图书，他非常开心05:24So the idea of being able to use this technology to end upwith paper where I can handle sort of sounds a little retro,but
29、I think it still has its place.这种使用技术来制作那些我能处理的图书的创意听起来有一些复古 但它依然很有前途05:30And being sort of from the Silicon Valley,sort of Utopia,and-sort of,you know,sort of world,we thought if we can makethis technology work in rural Uganda,we might havesomething.联想到硅谷、乌托邦 甚至是全世界 我认为如果这项技术能在乌干达的乡村中得以实现 就会取得一些超乎想
30、像的收获05:38So we actually got some funding from the World Bank to tryit out.我们获得了世界银行的资助，并尽最大力量去将其开发出来05:49And we found in about 30 days we could go and take acouple folks from Silicon Valley,fly them to Uganda,buy acar,set up the first internet connection在30天里，我们从硅谷出发 飞往乌干达，并在那里购买了一辆车，05:53at the Nat
31、ional Library of Uganda,figure out what theywanted,and get a program going making books in ruralUganda.在乌干达的国家图书馆里搭建了第一个互联网链接，找出他们想要的的东西 并准备了一个在乌干达乡村用于制作图书的程序06:03popularly:adv.流行地;通俗地;普及地;大众地 retro:n.制动火箭,减速火箭;(服装式样等)重新流行/adj.复古的,(服装式样等)重新流行的 Utopia:n.乌托邦(理想中最美好的社会);理想国And it actually-so technologi
32、cally,it works.从技术角度来讲，这一切都实现了06:09What we found out of this is,we didnt have the right books.最终，令我们遗憾的是，我们无法得到最合适的书06:12So the books were in the library.We could get it to people iftheyre digitized,but we didnt know how to quite get themdigitized.书都在图书馆里。如果书籍是数字化的，我们就可以把它做出来送给读者 但我们不知道如何将他们数字化06:16
33、Everybody thought the answer is,send things to India andChina.所有人会想到一个主意，把这件事交给印度和中国06:22And so weve tried that,and Ill go over that in a moment.我们也正在尝试着，一会儿我将会在这件事情上稍作阐述06:27There are some newer technologies for delivering that havehappened that are actually quite exciting as well.现如今，人们发明了一些新的传送技术
34、 这些技术听起来也让人非常兴奋06:29One is a print-on-demand machine that looks like a RubeGoldberg Machine.其中一个就是像鲁布戈德堡机器的按需打印机06:35We have one of these things now.Its completely cool.我们现在已经拥有其中的一些设备，这是很酷的06:38Its all conveyor belt and it makes a book.传输带到处都是，而且它可以用来制作图书06:40And its called the Espresso Book Machin
35、e,这个机器被称作 Espresso Book Machine(Espresso图书制作机）06:45and in about 10 minutes you can press a button and make abook.你只需要轻轻按下一个按钮，10分钟后，它就会制作出一本书来06:47technologically:adv.科技地;技术上地 digitized:adj.数字化的/v.使数字化(digitize的过去分词)in a moment:立刻Rube:n.乡巴佬;土包子/adj.土里土气的;像乡巴佬的 conveyor:n.输送机,机传送机;传送带;运送者,传播者 Espress
36、o:n.(用汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡Something else Im quite excited about in this particulardomain,beyond these sort of kiosky things where you can我之所以钟情于这个特殊的领域 不仅仅是这些类似便利店的流动图书馆可以制作任何你想要的书籍而是这背后即将实现的一个伟大场景06:51domain,beyond these sort of kiosky things where you canget books on demand,is some of these new little scree
37、ns thatare coming out.而是这背后即将实现的一个伟大场景06:51And one of my favorites in this is the 100 dollar laptop.有一种100美元的便携式电脑是我的最爱之一07:05And I dont mean to steal any thunder here,but weve goneand used one of these things to be an e-book reader.我并不想在这里博取任何轰动 但我们正在把这种便携式电脑做成电子书阅读器07:09So heres one of the beta un
38、its and you can-it actuallyturns out to be a really good-looking e-book reader.这是其中一款测试机型 它看起来是一个不错的电子书阅读器07:20And we have a quick hack that we did to try to put one of ourbooks on it,and it turns out that 200 dots per inch meansthat you can put scanned books on them that look reallygood.我们正在上面写入第一本
39、图书 它的分辨率达到了每英寸200点 这就意味着你可以把扫描过的图书放在上面，并且看起来非常舒服07:34At 200 dots per inch,its kind of the equivalent of a 300-dot-print laser printer.每英寸200点的分辨率（200dpi）等价于一台300点激光打印机的打印效果07:44Were in good enough shape.并且它的造型也不错07:48You actually can go and read scanned books quite easily.大家可以通过它非常方便的去阅读那些被扫描过的图书07:
40、50So the idea of electronic books is starting to come about.电子书的想法就要产生了07:53e-book:n.电子书 beta:n.贝它(希腊字母表的第二个字母)equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的/n.等价物,相等物 comeabout:v.发生;产生;改变方向But how do you do all this scanning?但，你怎么去做那些扫描工作？07:57So we thought,okay,well,lets try out this send books toIndia thing.我们经过思考，
41、好吧，我们把书送到印度去进行扫描07:59And there was a project with-funded by the NationalScience Foundation,sent a bunch of scanners,and theAmerican libraries were supposed to send books.这里有一个项目，它是由美国国家科学基金会出资支持的，购买了 一些扫描仪用于扫描，美国的图书馆理所当然的要将书送出去扫描08:02Well,they didnt-they didnt want to send their books.但是，他们没有，他们根本就不
42、想把他们自己的书送出去08:11So we bought 100,000 books and sent them to India.于是，我们购买了100000本书，将他们送到了印度08:14And then we learned why you dont want to send books toIndia.接下来，我们就发现了为什么人家图书馆不把书送到印度的原因08:16The lesson we learned out of this is,scan your own books.我们得到的教训就是，扫描你自己的图书08:19If you really care about books,
43、youre going to scan thembetter,especially if theyre valuable books.如果你非常喜欢图书，你就会更加仔细认真的扫描特别是那些书非常有价值的时候08:23If theyre new books and you can just,you know,butcherthem because you could just buy another one,thats not sucha big deal in terms of doing high-quality scanning.如果是新书，那就不同了，你可以“残害”他们因为你可以再买一本
44、新的 对于高质量的扫描来说这不算什么大事08:29scanning:n.扫描;计搜索,观测;扫掠/adj.扫描的;观测的;搜索的;扫掠的/v.扫描(scan的现在分词);浏览 try out:试验;提炼;考验 funded:adj.提供资金的/v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息(fund的过去式)scanners:n.电子扫描器(scanner的复数)deal in:v.经营But do things that you love.但，一定要去做那些你喜欢做的事08:37But the Indians have been scanning a lot of their own books-a
45、bout 300,000 now-doing very well.印度人已经高质量的完成了他们自己书籍的扫描大约有300000本左右08:40The Chinese did over a million and the Egyptians are about30,000.中国人大约完成了有一百万多，埃及人仅仅是30000本的样子08:45But we sent-thought,OK,if were going to need to do this,lets do it in-library.我们已经送去了这么多，如果我们还需要继续做下去，还是选择在图书馆里吧08:50How do we go
46、and do this,and how do we get it down sothat its a cost point that we could afford?我们该如何去做，如何开展工作 我们是否负担得起经费？08:56And we sort of picked the price point of 10 cents a page.我们给出的参考价格是每页10美分09:00If its basically the cost of Xeroxing to digitize,OCR,packageit up,make it so that you could download,print
47、and bind it,the whole shebang,we would have achieved something.这是静电复印，光字符识别，打包 提供下载，打印及装订等所有事情的总成本 我们可以有所成就09:03So we started out trying to figure out,how do we get to 10cents?我们试图给出是如何计算出每页10美分这个数据的09:14And we tried these robot things,and they worked pretty well-sort of these auto page-turning thin
48、gs.我们使用了机器人之类的设备，而且他们工作的相当不错 即类似于自动翻页的东西09:16If we can have Mars Rovers,youd think you could turnpages.如果我们能制造火星漫游号，也就能制造这样的翻页机09:21Xeroxing:n.复印的/v.静电复印(xerox的ing形式)shebang:n.工作;事情;住所 Rovers:n.巡游者;海上掠夺But it actually turns out to be pretty hard to turn pages,andthe volume isnt there.但是要想做到翻页还是很困难的，
49、所以完成的数量还是不够大09:25So anyway-so we ended up making our own book scanner.不论如何，我们制作了属于自己的图书扫描器09:29And with two digital high grade professional digital cameras,controlled museum lighting-so even if its a black andwhite book,you can go and get the proper intonation.用两个优质、专业的数码摄像头 结合着可控的博物馆照明即便那是一本没有色彩的书
50、你可以制作出一本不错的书来09:35So you basically do a beautiful,respectful job.你做的将是一件美妙，而且是令人敬仰的工作09:46This is not a fax,this is-the idea is to do a beautiful job asyoure going through these libraries.这不是传真，这是一个美妙工作的创意 只需要你穿过那些图书馆就可以实现09:49And weve been able to achieve 10 cents a page if we runthings in volumes.