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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件This cell phone started its trajectory in an artisanal mine inthe Eastern Congo.这个手机 来自 刚果东部工匠的双手,00:12Its mined by armed gangs using slaves,child slaves,whatthe U.N.Security Council calls blood minerals,在武装监管下,由儿童奴隶 开采,联合国安全理事会把它 称作“血矿”,00:22then traveled into some components and ended
2、 up in afactory in Shinjin in China.然后流通到一些环节,最后到达中国深圳的 工厂。00:30That factory-over a dozen people have committed suicidealready this year.今年这个工厂中超过12个人 已经自杀。00:36One man died after working a 36-hour shift.其中一个人在36小时轮班后死亡。00:41We all love chocolate.我们都喜欢巧克力。00:45We buy it for our kids.我们买给我们的孩子。00:47E
3、ighty percent of the cocoa comes from Cote dIvoire andGhana and its harvested by children.百分之八十的可可豆来自科特迪瓦共和国和加纳,均由儿童收获。00:49Cote dIvoire,we have a huge problem of child slaves.在科特迪瓦共和国,有大量的儿童奴隶。00:55Children have been trafficked from other conflict zones tocome and work on the coffee plantations.来自其
4、他冲突地区,儿童被非法贩卖到此,在咖啡种植园工作。00:57trajectory:n.物轨道,轨线;航军弹道 artisanal:手工艺性的 mined:n.开采 gangs:n.帮派(gang的复数)/v.成帮结伙;合伙行动(gang的三单形式)minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质 cocoa:n.可可粉;可可豆;可可饮料;深褐色harvested:收割/收成 plantations:n.农种植园(plantation的复数形式)Heparin-a blood thinner,a pharmaceutical product-starts out in a
5、rtisanal workshops like this in China,becausethe active ingredient comes from pigs intestines.肝磷脂-血液稀释剂,一种药品-来自中国 类似于手工作坊,因为活性成分 来自猪的肠毒素。01:03Your diamond-youve all heard,probably seen the movieBlood Diamond.你的钻石:你可能从“血钻”这部电影中听说过。01:17This is a mine in Zimbabwe right now.现在这个矿位于 津巴布韦。01:20Cotton:Uzb
6、ekistan is the second biggest exporter of cottonon Earth.棉花:乌兹别克斯坦是全球 第二大棉花出口国。01:24Every year when it comes to the cotton harvest,thegovernment shuts down the schools,puts the kids in buses,buses them to the cotton fields to spend three weeksharvesting the cotton.每年到了棉花收获的季节,政府关闭学校,把孩子们载到棉花生产区,花三周时
7、间来采摘棉花。01:28Its forced child labor on an institutional scale.在制度上 强制执行童工。01:39And all of those products probably end their lives in a dumplike this one in Manila.所有的这些产品可能就结束了他们的生命,在垃圾场,类似马尼拉的这个。01:44These places,these origins,represent governance gaps.这些地点,这些原产点,有管理上的漏洞。01:49Heparin:n.生化肝素(用于防治血栓形成
8、等);肝磷脂 thinner:adj.较薄的;较瘦的;较细的(thin的比较级)/n.(油漆的)稀释剂;冲淡剂;使变稀薄者,加稀料的制漆工 pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的/n.药物 workshops:n.工作坊,工业车间;研习会,讲习班(workshop的复数形式)ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分/adj.构成组成部分的 intestines:n.解剖肠(intestine的复数);内脏;下水 exporter:n.出口商;输出国 harvesting:v.农学收割;收获(harvest的ing形式)/n.农学收割;收获/adj.收获的;收割的institu
9、tional:adj.制度的;制度上的/学会的;由来已久的;习以为常的/公共机构的;慈善机构的 governance:n.管理;统治;支配gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式)/v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式)Thats the politest description I have for them.那是我得到的 最官方的描述。01:54These are the dark pools where global supply chains begin-the global supply chains,which bring us our favorite brandn
10、ame products.全球供应链从这些黑暗的地方 开始-这些全球供应链 最后生产了我们熟悉的知名品牌产品。01:59Some of these governance gaps are run by rogue states.这些管理漏洞 来自无赖的政府。02:09Some of them are not states anymore at all.其中一些已经不再是政府了;02:15Theyre failed states.他们是失败的政府。02:17Some of them are just countries who believe thatderegulation or no reg
11、ulation is the best way to attractinvestment,promote trade.一些政府 只是认为违规或者没有监管 是吸引投资和促进贸易的 最好方法。02:19Either way,they present us with a huge moral and ethicaldilemma.他们展现给我们的任何一种方式,都是道德和伦理的两难境地。02:29TED演讲者：Auret van Heerden|奥瑞特.范.希尔登演讲标题：Auret van Heerden:Making global labor fair|全球劳工平等化内容概要：At the hea
12、d of the Fair Labor Association(FLA),Auret van Heerden takes a practicalapproach to workers.rights,persuading corporations and NGOs to protect labor in globalsupply chains.劳工组织者奥瑞特.范.希尔登Auret van Heerden对劳工权利范围展开讨论-不是单个国家而是全球工业界保证劳工安全。怎样保证我们全球供应链的平等?范.希尔登以商业中劳工平等作为一个典型例子。I know that none of us want
13、to be accessories after the factof a human rights abuse in a global supply chain.我认为没有一个人想成为附属品,在全球供应链的滥用人权的 事实中。02:35But right now,most of the companies involved in thesesupply chains dont have any way of assuring us that nobodyhad to mortgage their future,nobody had to sacrifice theirrights to bri
14、ng us our favorite brand name product.但是现在,大部分卷入这些供应链的公司 都没有办法 说服我们:没有人会抵押他们的未来,也没有人会牺牲他们的权利 不去生产我们喜欢的 品牌产品。02:44rogue:n.流氓;小淘气;凶猛的离群兽;(尤指植物的)劣种/vi.游手好闲;去劣;流浪/vt.欺诈;去劣/adj.(野兽)凶猛的 deregulation:n.违反规定,反常;撤消管制规定 ethical:adj.伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的/n.处方药 dilemma:n.困境;进退两难;两刀论法accessories:n.附件(accessory的复数形式);辅助
15、程序 assuring:adj.保证的;确信的;使人有信心的/v.确信(assure的ing形式)mortgage:vt.抵押/n.抵押/房屋抵押贷款Now,I didnt come here to depress you about the state ofthe global supply chain.现在我不是消极的告诉你,关于全球供应链的事情。03:03We need a reality check.我们需要事实去核查。03:08We need to recognize just how serious a deficit of rights wehave.我们需要重新认识我们拥有这个
16、权利 的重要性。03:10This is an independent republic,probably a failed state.这是一个独立的共和体,也可能是失败的政府。03:16Its definitely not a democratic state.它绝对不是一个民主的政府。03:20And right now,that independent republic of the supplychain is not being governed in a way that would satisfy us,that we can engage in ethical trade o
17、r ethical consumption.现在,在供应链中的独立共和体 通过一种方式管理,这种方式不可以通过道德交易或者 道德消费,来满足我们自私的需求。03:24Now,thats not a new story.现在这些已经不是一个新的故事了。03:37Youve seen the documentaries of sweatshops makinggarments all over the world,even in developed countries.你已经看过了关于全球制衣的 血汗工厂的纪录片,甚至在发达国家的。03:39You want to see the classic
18、sweatshop,meet me at MadisonSquare Garden,Ill take you down the street,and Ill showyou a Chinese sweatshop.你想看经典的血汗工程,跟我来麦迪逊广场,我将带你进入街巷,给你展现中国的血汗工厂。03:46depress:vt.压抑；使沮丧；使萧条 governed:v.管理(govern的过去式和过去分词);统治;支配 in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 documentaries:n.纪录片;记录片(documentary的复数)sweatshops:n.血汗工厂;剥削劳力的工
19、厂(sweatshop的复数)garments:n.服装服装,衣着(garment的复数)sweatshop:n.血汗工厂;剥削劳力的工厂But take the example of heparin.以肝磷脂为例。03:53Its a pharmaceutical product.它是制药产品。03:56You expect that the supply chain that gets it to the hospital,probably squeaky clean.你指望供应链把它带入医院,可能吱吱响的干净。03:58The problem is that the active ing
20、redient in there-as Imentioned earlier-comes from pigs.问题是这里的活性成分-正如我前面提到的-来自猪。04:05The main American manufacturer of that active ingredientdecided a few years ago to relocate to China because its theworlds biggest supplier of pigs.那些活性成分大部分美国 生产商 几年前就驻扎在中国,因为这里是全球最大的猪肉供应地。04:11And their factory in
21、China-which probably is pretty clean-is getting all of the ingredients from backyard abattoirs,where families slaughter pigs and extract the ingredient.中国的这些工厂-大概都很干净-从屠宰场获得活性成分。但家庭作坊屠宰猪,然后提取活性成分。04:22So a couple of years ago,we had a scandal which killed about80 people around the world,because of c
22、ontaminants thatcrept into the heparin supply chain.几年前,一个谣言流传着:全球大概有80人死亡,因为环境污染 蔓延到肝磷脂供应链中。04:36squeaky:adj.发轧声的;吱吱响的 relocate:vt.重新安置;迁移/vi.重新安置;迁移新址/n.浮动 ingredients:材料;作料backyard:n.后院;后庭 abattoirs:n.屠宰场;角斗场 extract:vt.提取;取出;摘录;榨取/n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹 contaminants:n.环境污染物;污垢物(contaminant的复数)crept:v.匍匐爬
23、行(creep的过去式)Worse,some of the suppliers realized that they couldsubstitute a product which mimicked heparin in tests.更糟糕的是,一些供应商 找到了一种替代产品,在测试中可以替代肝磷脂。04:45This substitute cost nine dollars a pound,whereas realheparin,the real ingredient,cost 900 dollars a pound.该替代品每磅九美元,而真正的肝磷脂-有效的活性成分-每磅九百美元。04:5
24、5A no-brainer.一个缺乏思考的人。05:04The problem was that it killed more people.问题是更多人由于它死亡。05:06And so youre asking yourself,How come the U.S.Food andDrug Administration allowed this to happen?因此大家扪心自问,“为什么美国食品药品监督管理局 允许这些发生？05:09How did the Chinese State Agency for Food and Drugs allowthis to happen?为什么中国政
25、府的食品药品部门 允许这些发生？”05:15And the answer is quite simple:the Chinese define thesefacilities as chemical facilities,not pharmaceutical facilities,so they dont audit them.答案非常简单:中国认为这些工厂 是化学工厂,不是药厂,因此无法监管。05:19www.XiYuS锡育软件And the USFDA has a jurisdictional problem.而美国食品药品管理局 也存在司法问题。05:29This is offshore
26、.这是在海外。05:33They actually do conduct a few investigations overseas-about a dozen a year-maybe 20 in a good year.他们实际上很少监管海外调查研究-大概一年调查十二个,在好年头也许二十个。05:35no-brainer:n.无需用脑的事;容易的事 facilities:n.设施;工具,设备 audit:vi.审计;审计查账/n.审计;审计查账/vt.(美)旁听offshore:adj.离岸的;海洋近海的;吹向海面的/adv.向海面,向海 investigations:n.调查(inves
27、tigation的复数)There are 500 of these facilities producing active ingredientsin China alone.而仅仅在中国 生产这样的活性成分的工厂 就有500多家。05:40In fact,about 80 percent of the active ingredients inmedicines now come from offshore,particularly China andIndia,and we dont have a governance system.事实上,现在大概百分之八十的 药品活性成分 都来自海外
28、,特别是中国和印度。我们没有一个政府系统,05:47We dont have a regulatory system able to ensure that thatproduction is safe.没有监管系统 去保证 产品安全。05:59We dont have a system to ensure that human rights,basicdignity,are ensured.没有一个系统保证 人权和基本的 尊严。06:07So at a national level-and we work in about 60 differentcountries-at a nationa
29、l level weve got a serious breakdownin the ability of governments to regulate production on theirown soil.在国家层面上-我们工作在六十多个国家-特指国家层面上,我们有严重的管理漏洞,去监管他们本土的 产品。06:14And the real problem with the global supply chain is that itssupranational.全球供应链的真正问题是 跨国问题。06:29So governments who are failing,who are dro
30、pping the ball ata national level,have even less ability to get their armsaround the problem at an international level.失败的管理,把球踢来踢去,在国家层面上 无法插手一个 国际层面上的问题。06:33And you can just look at the headlines.仅看新闻头版。06:44regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的 ensured:确保/使安全 supranational:adj.超国家的;超民族的Take Copenhagen last
31、 year-complete failure ofgovernments to do the right thing in the face of aninternational challenge.以去年哥本哈根气候大会为例-在面对国际挑战时 政府间要做正确的事情却 面临彻底失败。06:46Take the G20 meeting a couple of weeks ago-steppedback from its commitments of just a few months ago.几周前的G20会议为例-退回到几月前的决议。06:56You can take any one of t
32、he major global challenges wevediscussed this week and ask yourself,where is the leadershipfrom governments to step up and come up with solutions,responses,to those international problems?你可以随便挑一个 我们这周讨论的全球主要挑战,问问你自己,哪个政府领导能 直面问题,解决问题,回应 那些国际问题？07:04And the simple answer is they cant.Theyre national
33、.简单的回答是他们不能,因为他们是国家性的。07:20Their voters are local.他们的选民是当地的。07:24They have parochial interests.他们有地方性利益。07:26They cant subordinate those interests to the greater globalpublic good.他们不能屈从于 更大的全球公共利益。07:28So,if were going to ensure the delivery of the key publicgoods at an international level-in this
34、case,in the globalsupply chain-we have to come up with a differentmechanism.因此我们打算保证 主要的公共利益 在国际层面上-这里是全球供应链-我们必须采取不同的机制。07:33in the face of:面对 stepped:v.踏;行走(step的过去式和过去分词)commitments:n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身 stepup:提高;增加;走近 come up with:提出;想出;赶上 responses:n.响应回应 parochial:adj.教区的;狭小的;地方范围的subordinate:n.
35、下属,下级;部属,属下/adj.从属的;次要的/vt.使居下位;使服从We need a different machine.我们需要不同的机构。07:45Fortunately,we have some examples.幸运的是,我们有一些例子。07:49In the 1990s,there were a whole series of scandalsconcerning the production of brand name goods in the U.S.-child labor,forced labor,serious health and safety abuses.二十世纪
36、九十年代,发生了一系列丑闻 涉及到美国品牌商品-童工,强制劳动,危害健康和滥用安全-07:53And eventually President Clinton,in 1996,convened ameeting at the White House,invited industry,human rightsNGOs,trade unions,the Department of Labor,got them allin a room and said,Look,甚至克林顿总统在1996年 在白宫召开了一个会议-相关工业,人权非政府组织,贸易联盟,劳工部-聚集到一起,说:“瞧,08:04I don
37、t want globalization to be a race to the bottom.我不想让全球化成为底层恶性竞争。08:18I dont know how to prevent that,but Im at least going touse my good offices to get you folks together to come upwith a response.我不知道如何阻止,但至少我打算在我的办公室 把你们召集起来 解决问题。”08:20So they formed a White House task force,and they spentabout th
38、ree years arguing about who takes how much特此他们组成了白宫特别工作组,花费三年时间争论 关于谁应该在全球供应链中 负多少责任。about three years arguing about who takes how muchresponsibility in the global supply chain.08:29Companies didnt feel it was their responsibility.公司并没有感到自己的责任。08:40scandals:n.丑闻;耻辱(scandal的复数)/v.(英)诋毁;说某人的坏话(scandal
39、的第三人称单数)abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式)/n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数)convened:v.召集;集合;召唤(convene的过去分词形式)trade unions:工会globalization:n.全球化They dont own those facilities.他们不拥有工厂。08:43They dont employ those workers.他们没有雇佣那些工人。08:45Theyre not legally liable.他们不负法律责任。08:47Everybody else at the table said,Folks,tha
40、t doesnt cut it.在座的人都 说:“流言不会自己停止。08:50You have a custodial duty,a duty of care,to make sure thatthat product gets from wherever to the store in a way thatallows us to consume it,without fear of our safety,or withouthaving to sacrifice our conscience to consume that product.你应负有监督的职责,关心的责任,保证产品 从储藏到
41、商店上架 可以买卖的过程中 不能危害我们消费者的安全,不能牺牲我们的道德来 买卖商品。”08:54So they agreed,Okay,what well do is we agree on acommon set of standards,code of conduct.他们同意了,“好吧,我们所做的 是在商品标准和管理上 达成一致。09:14Well apply that throughout our global supply chainregardless of ownership or control.把它应用在 全球供应链中,无论拥有物权关系或者控制权。09:21Well mak
42、e it part of the contract.均作为合同一部分。”09:27And that was a stroke of absolute genius,because what theydid was they harnessed the power of the contract,privatepower,to deliver public goods.那绝对是天才的一击,因为他们所做的 产生合同的效力,私人的力量,供给公共产品。09:30And lets face it,the contract from a major multinationalbrand to a supp
43、lier in India or China has much morepersuasive value than the local labor law,the localenvironmental regulations,the local human rights standards.拿它来说,多国品牌合同 对印度或者中国的供应者有更多的说服力,比起当地法律,当地环境法规,当地人权标准。09:42custodial:adj.保管的;保管人的/n.圣物保管容器 conscience:n.道德心,良心 regardless of:不顾,不管 harnessed:给(马等)装上挽具(harne
44、ss的过去式和过去分词);治理,利用 multinational:adj.跨国公司的;多国的/n.跨国公司 persuasive:adj.有说服力的;劝诱的,劝说的 regulations:n.管理条例;规程(regulation的复数);章则Those factories will probably never see an inspector.那些工厂将可能再也看不到巡视员。09:58If the inspector did come along,it would be amazing if theywere able to resist the bribe.如果巡视员来了,就是考验他们能
45、不能 抵挡住贿赂。10:01Even if they did their jobs,and they cited those facilities fortheir violations,the fine would be derisory.甚至他们做了本职工作,他们列举这些设施的违法行为,罚金会是微不足道的。10:10But you lose that contract for a major brand name,thats thedifference between staying in business or going bankrupt.但是你就失去那个 大品牌合同,这差异就是 要么
46、继续运营要么破产。10:18That makes a difference.那是不同的。10:27So what weve been able to do is weve been able to harnessthe power and the influence of the only truly transnationalinstitution in the global supply chain,that of themultinational company,and get them to do the right thing,get them to use that power f
47、or good,to deliver the keypublic goods.我们以前所做的是,损害 能源和环境 只针对在全球供应链中的跨国机构 在跨国公司中,让他们做正确的事情,在商品中使用相应的权利,供给核心的公共产品。10:29Now of course,this doesnt come naturally to multinationalcompanies.当然,这个不会由跨国公司 自动执行。10:52factories:n.工厂,车厂(factory复数形式)come along:v.出现;一起来;陪伴;进步 bribe:vt.贿赂,收买/vi.行贿/n.贿赂 cited:v.引用(
48、cite的过去分词)violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式)derisory:adj.嘲弄的;嘲笑的transnational:adj.跨国的;超越国界的They werent set up to do this.Theyre set up to make money.他们不会因此而关注;他们关注的是挣钱。10:56But they are extremely efficient organizations.但是他们是特别有效的组织。10:59They have resources,and if we can add the will,thecomm
49、itment,they know how to deliver that product.他们拥有资源,如果我们有决心和责任,他们知道如何供给产品。11:02Now,getting there is not easy.现在这么做不简单。11:12Those supply chains I put up on the screen earlier,theyre notthere.我之前演示的那些供应链,他们就不这么做。11:15You need a safe space.你需要一个安全的空间。11:20You need a place where people can come together
50、,sit downwithout fear of judgment,without recrimination,to actuallyface the problem,agree on the problem and come up withsolutions.需要一个地方,可以让大家聚在一起,坐在一起,不用担心决议,和揭丑,直面问题,达成一致和解决办法。11:22We can do it.The technical solutions are there.我们可以做到:这里有科技解决办法。11:34The problem is the lack of trust,the lack of co