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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件By raising your hand,how many of you know at least oneperson on the screen?在座的各位至少认识 一位萤幕上的人请举手。00:14Wow,its almost a full house.哇,基本上每个人都举手了。00:20Its true,they are very famous in their fields.他们在各自的领域都十分有名。00:22And do you know what all of them have in common?你们知道他们有什么共同点吗?00:24They all
2、 died of pancreatic cancer.他们都死于胰腺癌。00:27However,although its very,very sad this news,its alsothanks to their personal stories that we have raisedawareness of how lethal this disease can be.虽然这是很糟的一件事,但是正因为他们的故事 才使我们注意到胰腺癌有多致命。00:30Its become the third cause of cancer deaths,and only eightpercent of
3、 the patients will survive beyond five years.在由癌症导致的死亡中,胰腺癌死亡率位居第三,患有胰腺癌的病人只有8可以活到五年以上。00:40Thats a very tiny number,especially if you compare it withbreast cancer,where the survival rate is almost 90 percent.这个数字几乎微不足道。特别是跟乳腺癌比起来。乳腺癌的存活率几乎达到百分之九十。00:49So it doesnt really come as a surprise that bei
4、ng diagnosedwith pancreatic cancer means facing an almost certain deathsentence.所以,被诊断出胰腺癌即几乎意味着死亡 并不十分令人吃惊。00:57Whats shocking,though,is that in the last 40 years,thisnumber hasnt changed a bit,while much more progress hasbeen made with other types of tumors.让人惊讶的是,过去40年里,肿瘤治疗的各个领域都有了突飞猛进的发展,然而有关胰腺
5、癌的数据一直没有产生多大改变。01:06pancreatic:adj.胰的;胰腺的 awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道 lethal:adj.致命的,致死的/n.致死因子 diagnosed:v.诊断;被诊断为(diagnose的过去分词)So how can we make pancreatic cancer treatment moreeffective?我们如何能使对胰线癌的治疗更有效?01:16As a biomedical entrepreneur,I like to work on problemsthat seem impossible,understanding t
6、heir limitations andtrying to find new,innovative solutions that can change theiroutcome.作为生物医学的企業家,我喜欢挑战看起来不可能的问题,了解它们的限制,并试着找出创新的解决方法,从而改变现有的结果。01:20The first piece of bad news with pancreatic cancer is thatyour pancreas is in the middle of your belly,literally.乳腺癌的存活率几乎达到百分之九十。胰脏差不多位于你肚子的正中间。01:3
7、3Its depicted in orange on the screen.它是在萤幕上橘色的部份。01:39But you can barely see it until I remove all the other organs infront.但几乎很难被看见,除非把其他在前面的内脏都拿开。01:41Its also surrounded by many other vital organs,like the liver,the stomach,the bile duct.它也被其他许多重要的内脏包围,例如肝,胃,胆管。01:47And the ability of the tumor
8、to grow into those organs is thereason why pancreatic cancer is one of the most painfultumor types.让肿瘤有机会长到那些器管裏,这就是为什么胰腺癌 是最痛苦的肿瘤之一。01:53biomedical:adj.生物医学的 entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者 limitations:n.局限性;(限制)因素;边界(limitation的复数形式)innovative:adj.革新的，创新的 pancreas:n.解剖胰腺 belly:n.腹部；胃；食欲/vi.涨满；鼓起/vt.使鼓起
9、/depicted:vt.描述;描画 bile:n.胆汁;愤怒 duct:n.输送管,导管/vt.用导管输送;以导管封住The hard-to-reach location also prevents the doctor fromsurgically removing it,as is routinely done for breast cancer,for example.以乳腺癌为例,肿瘤一般采取收摘除的方法。然而胰腺难以触及的位置 使得手术摘除不再是一个合理的选项。02:02So all of these reasons leave chemotherapy as the onlyop
10、tion for the pancreatic cancer patient.这些原因导致化疗成了 胰腺癌患者唯一的选择。02:10This brings us to the second piece of bad news.这带给我们第二个坏消息,02:16TED演讲者：Laura Indolfi|萝拉安多芙演讲标题：Good news in the fight against pancreatic cancer|打击胰腺癌的好消息内容概要：Anyone who has lost a loved one to pancreatic cancer knows the devastating s
11、peedwith which it can affect an otherwise healthy person.TED Fellow and biomedical entrepreneurLaura Indolfi is developing a revolutionary way to treat this complex and lethal disease:a drugdelivery device that acts as a cage at the site of a tumor,preventing it from spreading anddelivering medicine
12、 only where its needed.We are hoping that one day we can makepancreatic cancer a curable disease,she says.任何因为有爱的人死于胰腺癌的人都知道，胰腺癌对健康的身体可产生多快的破坏。TED 研究会员和生物医学企業家 萝拉安多芙(Laura Indolfi)正在发展一个革命性的方法来治疗这个复杂且致命的疾病。一种像笼子一样的装置，可把药物送到肿瘤位置，来避免肿瘤扩散。她说：我们希望有一天胰腺癌会是一个可治的疾病。Pancreatic cancer tumors have very few bl
13、ood vessels.胰腺肿瘤有很少的血管。02:19Why should we care about the blood vessel of a tumor?为什么我们要注意肿瘤血管的问题?02:23Lets think for a second how chemotherapy works.让我们想一下化疗是怎么作用的。02:27The drug is injected in the vein and it navigates throughoutthe body until it reaches the tumor site.化疗的药物被注射到静脉裏,它通过整个身体直到到逹肿瘤处。02
14、:30Its like driving on a highway,trying to reach a destination.像在高速公路开车,试着到逹目的地。02:37But what if your destination doesnt have an exit on thehighway?但是你的目的地并没有出口怎么办?02:42You will never get there.你就永远到不了目的地。02:45surgically:adv.如外科手术般地 routinely:adv.例行公事地;老一套地 chemotherapy:n.临床化学疗法 vessels:n.血管(vessel的
15、复数);船舶;容器 injected:充血的/注入的 vein:n.血管;叶脉;地质岩脉;纹理;翅脉;性情/vt.使成脉络;象脉络般分布于navigates:导航/找到正确的行进方向/航行/绕过And thats exactly the same problem for chemotherapy andpancreatic cancer.这就是用化疗治疗 胰腺癌的问题的所在。02:47The drugs navigate throughout all of your body.化疗的药物通过整个身体,02:53They will reach healthy organs,resulting i
16、n high toxic effectfor the patients overall,but very little will go to the tumor.会接触到健康的内脏,会让毒性作用在病人的全身上下,但只有非常少数会到逹肿瘤裏面。02:55Therefore,the efficacy is very limited.因此疗效非常地有限。03:04To me,it seems very counterintuitive to have a whole-bodytreatment to target a specific organ.对我来说,只需针对特定的器官,却采用让全身接受治疗是
17、有悖常理。03:08However,in the last 40 years,a lot of money,research andeffort have gone towards finding new,powerful drugs totreat pancreatic cancer,but nothing has been done inchanging the way we deliver them to the patient.然而,在过去40年,大量的时间、研究和努力都被投入到了 寻找新的、能更有效地治疗胰腺癌的药物。但却没有在改?变将药物送达患处的方式上做出更多的尝试。03:15S
18、o after two pieces of bad news,Im going to give you goodnews,hopefully.接连两个坏消息之后,希望我能在给各位一些好消息。03:32With a collaborator at MIT and the Massachusetts GeneralHospital in Boston,we have revolutionized the way we treatcancer by making localized drug delivery a reality.经过同一名来自麻省理工大学的研究人员 与波士顿的麻州综合医院的共同研究
19、,我们有了革命性的治疗癌症的方法,让药只在局部上作用的方法成真。03:37navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于/vi.航行,航空 resulting:adj.作为结果的/v.致使(result的ing形式);产生 toxic:adj.有毒的；中毒的 efficacy:n.功效,效力 counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的 collaborator:n.劳经合作者;勾结者;通敌者Massachusetts:n.马萨诸塞州(美国)Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市)revolutionized:adj.革命化的;被彻底改革的/v.彻底改革(revolutionize的过
20、去式)localized:adj.局部的;地区的;小范围的/v.定位(localize的过去分词)We are basically parachuting you on top of your destination,avoiding your having to drive all around the highway.我们让你空降在目的地的正上方,从而避免你在高速上四处乱转。03:48We have embedded the drug into devices that look like thisone.我们把药嵌入在你看到的这个装置。03:55They are flexible eno
21、ugh that they can be folded to fit intothe catheter,so the doctor can implant it directly on top ofthe tumor with minimally invasive surgery.它很有弹性,可以折起来放入导管之中,因此医生可以用微创手术,直接放入肿瘤上面。04:01But they are solid enough that once they are positioned ontop of the tumor,they will act as a cage.它一旦放入又足够稳固 在肿瘤的上
22、面,作用像一个笼子一样。04:14They will actually physically prevent the tumor from enteringother organs,controlling the metastasis.它可以实际上防止肿瘤 进入到其他器官裏。进而控制肿瘤移转。04:21The devices are also biodegradable.这个装置也可以被生物分解。04:30That means that once in the body,they start dissolving,delivering the drug only locally,slowly
23、and more effectivelythan what is done with the current whole-body treatment.这意味从装置被放入身体,它们就会开始溶解,相比目前针对整个身体的疗法,这样可以使药物慢而有效的被运送到局部。04:32parachuting:n.航跳伞;空降/v.航跳伞(parachute的ing形式)embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的/v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式)flexible:adj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的 folded:v.折叠;交叉合拢;失败垮台;把牲畜关在栏中(fold的过去分词)/adj.折叠的
24、;褶曲的 catheter:n.医导管;导尿管;尿液管 implant:vt.种植;灌输;嵌入/n.医植入物;植入管/vi.被移植minimally:adv.最低限度地;最低程度地 invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的 positioned:adj.放置的/v.放置;确定的位置(position的过去分词)metastasis:n.转移;新陈代谢;地质同质蜕变 biodegradable:adj.生物所能分解的,能进行生物降解的 dissolving:adj.消溶的;毁灭性的/v.使溶解(dissolve的现在分词)In pre-clinical study,we have demon
25、strated that thislocalized approach is able to improve by 12 times theresponse to treatment.临床研究中,我们证明了这种定点治疗的方法 可以使疗效提升十二倍。04:45So we took a drug that is already known and by justdelivering it locally where its needed the most,we allow aresponse that is 12 times more powerful,reducing thesystemic t
26、oxic effect.我们拿已经知道的药,把它放在最需要的局部部位,让它有12倍强的作用能力,同时减轻了对身体系统的有毒影响。04:54We are working relentlessly to bring this technology to the我们不懈努力为了使科技更上一层楼。05:09We are working relentlessly to bring this technology to thenext level.We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing and the animalmodel required prior to
27、 asking the FDA for approval forclinical trials.我们正在做最终确定的临床测试,动物实验还有待美国药物管理局 对临床试验的认可。05:13Currently,the majority of patients will die from pancreaticcancer.目前,大部份的胰腺癌病患会面临死亡。05:22We are hoping that one day,we can reduce their pain,extend their life and potentially make pancreatic cancer acurable d
28、isease.我们希望有一天,能减少他们的痛苦,延长他们的寿命,并可能使胰腺癌成为 一个可治之症。05:28By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,we dont onlymake it more powerful and less toxic,we are also openingthe door to finding new innovative solutions for almost allother impossible problems in pancreatic cancer patients andbeyond.经由再次思考用药方式,
29、我们不仅使药更有效也更少毒害,在解决治愈胰腺癌患 甚至更多领域不可能完成的问题,找到了创新的解决方式。05:38demonstrated:演示 systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的 relentlessly:adv.残酷地,无情地 finalizing:adj.最後的 priorto:在之前;居先 clinical:adj.临床的；诊所的 potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地 curable:adj.可治愈的;可医治的;可矫正的 rethinking:n.反思/v.重新考虑(rethink的现在分词)www.XiYuS锡育软件Thank you very much.非常感谢大家。05:55(Applause)(鼓掌)05:56*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*