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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Well,this is such an honor.And its wonderful to be in thepresence of an organization that is really making adifference in the world.非常荣幸能得这个奖。也非常高兴能 成为这个集体的一员，因为这个集体为世界所带来的改变有目共睹。00:12And Im intensely grateful for the opportunity to speak toyou today.我更加感激今天能有机会来做跟你们对话，00:24And Im also
2、rather surprised,because when I look back onmy life the last thing I ever wanted to do was write or be inany way involved in religion.其实就连我自己都觉得很意外。因为当我回想过去我最不愿意干得就是与宗教有关的事，不管是写作还是以其他方式。00:30After I left my convent,Id finished with religion,frankly.坦率地说，我离开修道院以后就没有做有关宗教的事情了。00:46I thought that was i
3、t.我当时想，那就是终点了。00:50And for 13 years I kept clear of it.I wanted to be an EnglishLiterature professor.13年了，我都没接触过它。我想做一名英语文学的教授，00:51And I certainly didnt even want to be a writer,particularly.尤其是我甚至连作家都不想当。00:59But then I suffered a series of career catastrophes,one afterthe other,and finally found
4、myself in television.(Laughter)然而此后，我的事业几经波折，一次又一次失利之后，我却最终在电视上找到了自己。（笑声）01:03I said that to Bill Moyers,and he said,Oh,we take anybody.(Laughter)And I was doing some rather controversialreligious programs.我跟比尔.莫耶斯说到这些时，他说：“哦，我们来者不拒。”（笑声）那时我做过一些颇具争议的宗教节目。01:18in the presence of:在面前;有某人在场 intensely:a
5、dv.强烈地;紧张地;热情地 convent:n.女修道院 clear of:清除,扫清catastrophes:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败 one after the other:相继地,一个接一个地 controversial:adj.有争议的；有争论的religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑This went down very well in the U.K.,where religion isextremely unpopular.这些节目在英国播出的非常顺利，因为宗教信仰在英国并不十分受宠。01:27And so,for once,for the o
6、nly time in my life,I was finally inthe mainstream.所以，仅此一次，我平生终于成为社会主流了。01:34But I got sent to Jerusalem to make a film about earlyChristianity.但是有一次为了拍摄有关早期基督教的影片，我去了耶路撒冷。01:39And there,for the first time,I encountered the otherreligious traditions:Judaism and Islam,the sister religions ofChristian
7、ity.就是在那里，我第一次了解到了其他的宗教：犹太教和伊斯兰教，基督教的姐妹宗教。01:46And while I found I knew nothing about these faiths at all,despite my own intensely religious background.我发现我对这两个宗教的信仰一无所知，尽管我已经学习了很多年的宗教。01:56Id seen Judaism only as a kind of prelude to Christianity,andI knew nothing about Islam at all.我以前认为犹太教不过是基督教的
8、前奏，对伊斯兰教更可谓一无所知了。02:05But in that city,that tortured city,where you see the threefaiths jostling so uneasily together,you also become awareof the profound connection between them.但就是在那个几经沧桑的城市，那片三大宗教你争我夺的圣地，你也会慢慢意识到这三大宗教之间深刻的纽带。02:11unpopular:adj.不流行的,不受欢迎的 mainstream:n.主流 encountered:v.遇到;曾遭遇(encou
9、nter的过去式)traditions:传统 faiths:n.信仰;信念;信任;忠实 prelude:n.前奏;序幕;前奏曲/vt.成为的序幕;演奏作为前奏曲/vi.作为序曲;奏序曲tortured:v.拷打;虐待(torture的过去分词);使扭曲 jostling:n.冲撞别人的马;推撞And it has been the study of other religious traditions thatbrought me back to a sense of what religion can be,andactually enabled me to look at my own f
10、aith in a differentlight.正是对其他宗教的研究让我 重新思考到底什么是宗教，也启发我 从不同角度重新审视自己的信仰。02:23And I found some astonishing things in the course of mystudy that had never occurred to me.Frankly,in the daysthat when I thought Id had it with religion,在研究过程中我发现了一些令我惊异的事情，这些事情我以前从未想到过。其实就在我觉得我跟宗教无缘的那段时间，02:35I just found t
11、he whole thing absolutely incredible.我突然发现所有的一切都是那么令人难以置信。02:46These doctrines seemed unproven,abstract.那些宗教教条看起来无法证明、抽象无比。02:49TED演讲者：Karen Armstrong|凯伦.阿姆斯特朗演讲标题：2008 TED Prize wish:Charter for Compassion|凯伦.阿姆斯特朗的TED获奖心愿:呼吁仁爱宪章的诞生内容概要：Karen Armstrong is a provocative,original thinker on the role
12、of religion in themodern world.学者凯伦.阿姆斯特朗说道:人们希望对宗教保持虔诚，我们应该尽力使宗教成为促进社会和谐的力量。她呼吁TED社区成员跟她一起在全球范围内建立起仁爱宪章，让“黄金法则”重新成为全球宗教的中心教义。And to my astonishment,when I began seriously studyingother traditions,I began to realize that belief-which wemake such a fuss about today-is only a very recentreligious enth
13、usiasm that surfaced only in the West,inabout the 17th century.令我吃惊的是，当我开始认真地研究基督教以外的其他宗教时，我意识到，“信仰”，这个我们如此奉若神明的东西 不过是一种近代才产生的宗教热忱，它是17世纪才出现在西方的。02:55The word belief itself originally meant to love,to prize,tohold dear.“信仰”这一词的原意是关爱、赞赏以及珍视。03:19In the 17th century,it narrowed its focus,for reasons t
14、hat Imexploring in a book Im writing at the moment,to include-to mean an intellectual assent to a set of propositions,acredo.到了17世纪，这个词的含义变窄了，其中的原因我正在写书进行探究，这个词的含义变成了，对一组命题进行理智的考量后予以认可，也就是信条。03:26in the course of:在过程中;在期间 doctrines:主义/学说/教义/信条(doctrine的复数)unproven:adj.未经检验的;未经证明的 astonishment:n.惊讶;令
15、人惊讶的事物 fuss about:大惊小怪;忙乱 enthusiasm:n.热心,热忱,热情 surfaced:成平面的;刨平的;木刨光的 narrowed:狭的 assent to:v.同意 propositions:数命题 credo:n.信条,教义I believe-it did no mean I accept certain creedal articlesof faith.“我相信”这句话的意思本来并不是“我接受某一宗教信条”，03:42It meant:I commit myself.I engage myself.而是说：“我忠于这些信条，我尽全力做到这些”。03:48Ind
16、eed,some of the world traditions think very little ofreligious orthodoxy.世界上很多传统宗教也确实都对正统宗教学说不以为然。03:52In the Quran,religious opinion-religious orthodoxy-isdismissed as zanna:self-indulgent guesswork aboutmatters that nobody can be certain of one way or the other,在可兰经中，教义的正统学说像赞那一样不被接受。对没有人能确定的事情进行无
17、休止的无聊猜测，03:59but which makes people quarrelsome and stupidlysectarian.(Laughter)So if religion is not about believingthings,what is it about?各宗教间不断争吵，人们成为愚蠢的宗派主义者。（笑声）那么如果宗教不是关于信什么的问题，那又是什么呢？04:11What Ive found,across the board,is that religion is aboutbehaving differently.经过全面的研究，我发现宗教的意义是改变人的行为。04
18、:21Instead of deciding whether or not you believe in God,firstyou to do something.与其去决定是不是相信上帝，不如试着去做一些事情。04:26You behave in a committed way,And then you begin tounderstand the truths of religion.你实实在在的去做一些事情以后，你就逐渐开始理解宗教的真谛了。04:32orthodoxy:n.正统;正教;正统说法 dismissed:v.开除,解散(dismiss的过去分词);摒弃/adj.解雇的;解散的
19、,被排除的 self-indulgent:adj.任性的,放纵的 guesswork:n.猜测;臆测;凭猜测所作之工作 certain of:有把握,确信 quarrelsome:adj.喜欢吵架的;好争论的 stupidly:adv.愚蠢地 sectarian:adj.宗派的;偏狭的;党派心强的/n.属于宗派的人;宗派心强的人;宗派主义者 behaving:表现/运动表现/规矩地行事And religious doctrines are meant to be summons to action;you only understand them when you put them into
20、practice.这些宗教的教条其实是对实际行动的引导。只有在实践中才能领悟到其中的真谛。04:37Now,pride of place in this practice is given to compassion.而实践中最最重要的非“仁爱”莫属。04:48And it is an arresting fact that right across the board,in everysingle one of the major world faiths,compassion-the abilityto feel with the other in the way weve been th
21、inking aboutthis evening-值得注意的一个事实是，在世界上所有主要的宗教信仰中，仁爱 能对他人感同身受的能力，正如我们今晚所想-04:56is not only the test of any true religiosity,it is also what willbring us into the presence of what Jews,Christians andMuslims call God or the Divine.不仅是一个宗教是否是真正的信仰的试金石，它也是将我们 带到“上帝”或“神灵”面前的力量，无论这个上帝是犹太人、基督徒，还是穆斯林的。05:1
22、0It is compassion,says the Buddha,which brings you toNirvana.佛教中说是仁爱之心带你走向涅槃。05:23Why?Because in compassion,when we feel with the other,we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and weput another person there.And once we get rid of ego,thenwere ready to see the Divine.为什么这样说呢？因为当我们以仁爱之心对待他人
23、，我们会把他人而不是自己看做是世界的中心。一旦我们不再唯我独尊，我们就能看见神灵。05:29summons:n.召唤;传票;传唤;召集/vt.唤出;传到;传唤到法院 compassion:n.同情；怜悯 in the way:妨碍;挡道religiosity:n.虔诚;宗教狂;虚伪信仰 Divine:adj.神圣的;非凡的;天赐的;极好的/vt.占卜;预言;用占卜勘探/vi.占卜;预言;使用占卜勘探矿/n.牧师;神学家 Nirvana:n.涅槃;天堂 dethrone:vt.废黜;废位赶出;罢免 ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识And in particular,every single on
24、e of the major worldtraditions has highlighted-has said-and put at the coreof their tradition whats become known as the Golden Rule.值得注意的是，世界上的各大宗教派系都强调这一点，都把这一黄金原则列为教义的核心。05:46First propounded by Confucius five centuries before Christ:Do not do to others what you would not like them to do toyou.早在公
25、元前五百年，孔子就首先提出了这一点：“己所不欲，勿施于人。”05:59That,he said,was the central thread which ran through all his他认为这是他所有教育思想的核心，但凡他的弟子，每天都要做到这一点。06:07That,he said,was the central thread which ran through all histeaching and that his disciples should put into practice allday and every day.子，每天都要做到这一点。06:07And it was
26、 the Golden Rule would bring them to thetranscendent value that he called ren,human-heartedness,which was a transcendent experience in itself.正是这一黄金原则使人们形成一种超然的价值观，这就是他所谓的仁 也就是人与人之间的关爱。这种关爱本身就是超然的。06:16And this is absolutely crucial to the monotheisms,too.这对一神论者来说也是至关重要的。06:27Theres a famous story a
27、bout the great rabbi,Hillel,the oldercontemporary of Jesus.有一个著名故事是关于犹太拉比席勒儿（Hillel）的，他是跟耶稣同时代的长者。06:34A pagan came to him and offered to convert to Judaism ifthe rabbi could recite the whole of Jewish teaching while hestood on one leg.有一个异教徒来到拉比面前，说只要拉比能在自己一条腿站立 的功夫之内背出整个犹太教义，他就愿意成为犹太教徒。06:37in par
28、ticular:尤其,特别 highlighted:adj.突出的/v.使显著;照亮(highlight的过去分词)propounded:vt.提出;提议;将提供考虑 disciples:n.门徒(disciple的复数)/v.教育(disciple的第三人称单数形式)put into practice:实行,实施;落实transcendent:adj.卓越的;超常的;出类拔萃的/n.卓越的人;超绝物 contemporary:n.同时代的人；同时期的东西/adj.当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的 pagan:adj.异教的;异教徒的/n.异教徒;无宗教信仰者Hillel stood on o
29、ne leg and said,That which is hateful toyou,do not do to your neighbor.That is the Torah.The rest iscommentary.席勒儿抬起一条腿，说道，“如果什么事情是你所痛恨的，那么千万不要对你的邻居做同样的事情。这就是教律，其他的都是评论而已。06:45Go and study it.(Laughter)And go and study it was whathe meant.你自己仔细研究去吧。”（笑声）“你自己去研究”的确是他说的。06:54He said,In your exegesis,y
30、ou must make it clear that everysingle verse of the Torah is a commentary,a gloss upon theGolden Rule.他说：“在你所做的考证中，一定要弄清楚 教律的每一句话都是评论，是对黄金法则所做的注解。”07:00The great Rabbi Meir said that any interpretation ofscripture which led to hatred and disdain or contempt ofother people-any people whatsoever-was i
31、llegitimate.著名拉比梅尔（Meir）曾说，任何对教义的解释，如果结果导致的是对他人-无论什么人-的仇恨、排斥和蔑视，那么这样的解释一定是有悖教律的。07:12Saint Augustine made exactly the same point.圣.奥斯汀的看法与之不谋而合。07:27www.XiYuS锡育软件Scripture,he says,teaches nothing but charity,and we mustnot leave an interpretation of scripture until we have found acompassionate inter
32、pretation of it.他说：“经文要教给我们的，其实除了仁慈之外并无其他东西，对经文唯一合理的解读，就是充满仁爱的解读。”07:30And this struggle to find compassion in some of these ratherrebarbative texts is a good dress rehearsal for doing thesame in ordinary life.(Applause)有一些经文看上去令人生厌，要从中找到仁慈，这本身就是对在生活中实践这些教义的最好预演。（鼓掌）07:43hateful:adj.可憎的;可恨的;可恶的 comm
33、entary:n.评论；注释；评注；说明 verse:n.诗,诗篇;韵文;诗节/vi.作诗/vt.使熟练,使精通 gloss:n.光彩;注释;假象/vt.使光彩;掩盖;注释 scripture:n.(大写)圣经;手稿;(大写)圣经的一句 disdain:n.蔑视/vt.鄙弃 illegitimate:adj.私生的;非法的;不合理的/vt.认做私生子;认为违法/n.非嫡出子;庶子 compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的/vt.同情;怜悯 rebarbative:adj.令人讨厌的;难看的 rehearsal:n.排演;预演;练习;训练;叙述But now look at ou
34、r world.And we are living in a world that is-where religion has been hijacked.Where terrorists citeQuranic verses to justify their atrocities.现在看看我们这个世界。我们生活在一个 信仰被劫持的现实中。恐怖分子打着古兰经的旗号大施其暴，07:55Where instead of taking Jesus words,Love your enemies.尽管耶稣早有箴言：“要爱你的敌人，08:13Dont judge others,we have the s
35、pectacle of Christiansendlessly judging other people,endlessly using scripture asa way of arguing with other people,不要妄断他人”，我们的基督徒们仍旧我行我素的对他人妄加推测，没完没了的拿着圣经要跟别人一争高下，08:20putting other people down.Throughout the ages,religionhas been used to oppress others,and this is because ofhuman ego,human greed.直
36、到打倒别人。这么多年来，宗教一直被当做打压他人的武器，而这完全是出于人类的自负和贪婪。08:33We have a talent as a species for messing up wonderfulthings.我们人类有着破坏美好事物的天赋。08:45So the traditions also insisted-and this is an importantpoint,I think-that you could not and must not confine yourcompassion to your own group:your own nation,your ownco-
37、religionists,我们的传统同时教导我们，这一点我认为非常的重要，那就是你不能只把仁爱施向 你自己身边的人：你的国家、跟你同信仰的人、08:50hijacked:劫持/强行控制 verses:诗 atrocities:n.暴行(atrocity的复数);残忍 spectacle:n.景象;场面;奇观;壮观;公开展示;表相,假相n.(复)眼镜 endlessly:adv.不断地;无穷尽地 oppress:vt.压迫，压抑；使烦恼；使感到沉重 greed:n.贪婪，贪心 messing:n.杂乱,弄乱(mess的动名词形式)co-religionists:信仰同样宗教的人your own
38、fellow countrymen.You must have what one of theChinese sages called jian ai:concern for everybody.Loveyour enemies.Honor the stranger.你的同乡。你必须拥有一颗中国人所说的“仁爱”之心，也就是要关心他人、爱你的敌人、尊重陌生人。09:07We formed you,says the Quran,into tribes and nations sothat you may know one another.古兰经说得好：“我把你们分成部落、族群，是要你们去相互了解对
39、方。”09:18And this,again-this universal outreach-is gettingsubdued in the strident use of religion-abuse of religion-for nefarious gains.这个传统，这个心怀大爱的传统，再一次在利用宗教信仰 达到邪恶目的和对信仰的滥用中消失殆尽。09:24Now,Ive lost count of the number of taxi drivers who,when Isay to them what I do for a living,inform me that religi
40、on hasbeen the cause of all the major world wars in history.Wrong.我已经不记得有多少出租车司机，在得知我做什么工作的时候告诉我说 历史上所有主要的战争都是宗教引起的。错!09:40The cause of our present woes are political.这些纷争都是政治所引起的。09:53But make no mistake about it,religion is a kind of fault line,and when a conflict gets ingrained in a region,religi
41、on canget sucked in and become part of the problem.Ourmodernity has been exceedingly violent.但不能否认，宗教可能成为故障点，当一场冲突跟宗教搅在一起的时候，宗教就可能陷在其中，成为问题的一部分。我们的现代史充满了暴力。09:58sages:abbr.半自动地面防空系统(semi-automaticgroundenvironmentsystem)one another:彼此,互相 outreach:vt.超越,伸出;超出的范围/vi.拓广,延伸/n.延伸,拓广;扩大服务范围/adj.扩大服务的 subd
42、ued:adj.减弱的;被制服的;被抑制的/v.使服从,压制,减弱(subdue的过去式和过去分词)strident:adj.刺耳的;尖锐的;吱吱尖叫的;轧轧作响的 nefarious:adj.邪恶的;穷凶极恶的;不法的 woes:abbr.准尉军官(warrantofficer);陆军部(waroffice)ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的;彻头彻尾的;生染的/v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式);生染;就原料染色 sucked:v.吸,吮;吸收;吞没(suck的过去分词)modernity:n.现代性;现代的东西;新式Between 1914 and 1945,70 mil
43、lion people died in Europealone as a result of armed conflict.1914到1945年，光欧洲就有7千万人死于暴力冲突。10:18And so many of our institutions,even football which used tobe a pleasant pastime now causes riots where people evendie.有很多我们体系内的活动，像橄榄球这样曾经的消遣娱乐，如今也会引发暴乱，引起死亡。10:28And its not surprising that religion,too,h
44、as been affected bythis violent ethos.宗教也会受到这些暴力因素的影响，这并不奇怪。10:42Theres also a great deal,I think,of religious illiteracy around.况且还存在着大量的宗教文盲群体。10:49People seem to think now equate religious faith withbelieving things.人们总是认为宗教信仰就是去相信一些事情，10:57As though that-we call religious people often believers,
45、asthough that were the main thing that they do.And veryoften,secondary goals get pushed into the first place,inplace of compassion and the Golden Rule.所以我们经常把宗教人士称为信徒，就好像这就是他们主要就是干这个。常常是这样，次要的目标取代了主要的目标，取代了“仁爱”原则和黄金法则。11:02Because the Golden Rule is difficult.I sometimes,when Imspeaking to congregat
46、ions about compassion,I sometimessee a mutinous expression crossing some of their facesbecause religion因为黄金法则很难做到。有时候，当我向大众 宣讲仁爱的时候，我有时候会看到 他们脸上有抗拒的表情，这是因为宗教11:20pastime:n.娱乐,消遣 riots:n.暴动(riot的复数)/v.骚乱(riot的第三人称单数形式);闹事 ethos:n.民族精神;气质;社会思潮illiteracy:n.文盲;无知 equate:vt.使相等;视为平等/vi.等同 believers:n.信徒;
47、相信的人(believer的复数)in place of:代替congregations:聚集/(教堂里的)会众(congregation的名词复数)mutinous:adj.暴动的;反抗的;难制服的a lot of religious people prefer to be right,rather thancompassionate.(Laughter)Now-but thats not the wholestory.很多宗教人士更热衷于去争论谁对谁错，而不是如何施以仁爱之心。（笑声）其实还不止是这样。11:37Since September the 11th,when my work o
48、n Islam suddenlypropelled me into public life in a way that Id neverimagined,Ive been able to sort of go all over the world,andfinding,everywhere I go,a yearning for change.自打9.11发生以后，我对伊斯兰的研究瞬间把我推向公众视野，这是我始料未及的。我也有机会到世界各地走走，从而发现无论我走到哪里，渴望变革的呼声无处不在。11:47Ive just come back from Pakistan,where literal
49、ly thousandsof people came to my lectures,because they were yearning,first of all,to hear a friendly Western voice.我刚从巴基斯坦回来，那里有数以千计的人来听我的演讲，因为首先他们非常希望能听到一些来自西方的友好的声音。12:06And especially the young people were coming.And wereasking me-the young people were saying,What can wedo?What can we do to chang
50、e things?特别是有很多年轻的听众，他们问我，这些年轻人说：“我们能做些什么？我们要怎么样做才能改变现状？”12:18And my hosts in Pakistan said,Look,dont be too polite tous.巴基斯坦的主持人说，“看看，你不要对我们太礼貌了。12:30Tell us where were going wrong.Lets talk together aboutwhere religion is failing.告诉我们哪里出了问题。让我们一起来讨论到底为什么信仰会导致这样的结果。”12:37Because it seems to me that