《AndrewBlum_2012G[安德鲁.布鲁姆][因特网_究竟是什么].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《AndrewBlum_2012G[安德鲁.布鲁姆][因特网_究竟是什么].pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Ive always written primarily about architecture,aboutbuildings,and writing about architecture is based on certainassumptions.00:13An architect designs a building,and it becomes a place,ormany architects design many buildings,and it becomes acity,and regardless of this complicated mix of
2、 forces ofpolitics and culture and economics that shapes these places,at the end of the day,you can go and you can visit them.Youcan walk around them.变成一个城市先不去考虑这些复杂的力量掺杂在一起 去参观它们。你可以在它们周围走一走00:20You can smell them.You can get a feel for them.00:36You can experience their sense of place.你可以体验一下它们的存在
3、00:38But what was striking to me over the last several years wasthat less and less was I going out into the world,and moreand more,I was sitting in front of my computer screen.00:42And especially since about 2007,when I got an iPhone,I wasnot only sitting in front of my screen all day,but I was also
4、getting up at the end of the day and looking at this littlescreen that I carried in my pocket.盯着我放在口袋里带着的这个小屏幕00:51And what was surprising to me was how quickly myrelationship to the physical world had changed.让我吃惊的是01:02regardless of:不顾,不管In this very short period of time,you know,whether you calli
5、t the last 15 years or so of being online,or the last,youknow,four or five years of being online all the time,或是近期总是在线的四五年01:08our relationship to our surroundings had changed in thatour attention is constantly divided.You know,were bothlooking inside the screens and were looking out in the worldaro
6、und us.我们既看着这些屏幕 我们也看着身边的世界01:16And what was even more striking to me,and what I really gothung up on,was that the world inside the screen seemed tohave no physical reality of its own.01:25If you went and looked for images of the Internet,this was allthat you found,this famous image by Opte of the I
7、nternet asthe kind of Milky Way,this infinite expanse where we dontseem to be anywhere on it.我们似乎不在上面01:35We can never seem to grasp it in its totality.我们永远都不能抓住它的整体01:46Its always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth,the blue marble picture,and its similarly meant to suggest,它常让我想起阿波罗号所拍的地球
8、照片 那张蓝色大理石也似乎意味着01:48surroundings:n.环境;周围的事物 Milky:adj.乳白色的;牛奶的;乳状的;柔和的;混浊不清的 expanse:n.宽阔;广阔的区域;苍天;膨胀扩张 totality:n.天全食;全体;总数 Apollo:n.阿波罗(太阳神);美男子 marble:n.大理石;大理石制品;弹珠/adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的I think,that we cant really understand it as a whole.01:55Were always sort of small in the face of its expanse.我们在无限
9、之下显得非常渺小01:57So if there was this world and this screen,and if there was thephysical world around me,I couldnt ever get them togetherin the same place.如果它真的是围绕着我的实体世界02:01And then this happened.然后发生了一件事02:10My Internet broke one day,as it occasionally does,and thecable guy came to fix it,and he star
10、ted with the dusty clumpof cables behind the couch,and he followed it to the front ofmy building and into the basement and out to the back yard,and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall.电线维修员来修理 他开始着手 先从沙发后面的布满灰尘的电线堆里 墙上有很大一捆杂乱的电线02:13And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire,
11、and hesaid,Theres your problem.02:27TED演讲者：Andrew Blum|安德鲁.布鲁姆演讲标题：Andrew Blum:What is the Internet,really?|因特网，究竟是什么?内容概要：For his new book,Tubes,Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet existsin physical form:the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us.因松鼠咀嚼电缆而导致网络离线，记者安德
12、鲁.布鲁姆开始想了解互联网是由什么构成的。于是，他开始去寻找因特网-组成网络的海底电缆，秘密交换机和其他物理数位。A squirrel is chewing on your Internet.(Laughter)And thisseemed astounding.The Internet is a transcendent idea.Itsa set of protocols that has changed everything fromshopping to dating to revolutions.有松鼠在咀嚼着你的因特网“(有松鼠在咀嚼着因特网的事)(笑声)一个卓越的构思 它是一系列
13、的协议改变了 一切从购物到约会到革命的事02:32as a whole:总的来说 in the face of:面对 dusty:adj.落满灰尘的 clump:n.丛;笨重的脚步声;土块/vi.形成一丛;以沉重的步子行走/vt.使成一丛;使凝结成块 jumble:n.混乱;杂乱的一堆东西/vi.混杂;搀杂/vt.使混乱;搞乱 chewing:n.嚼/v.咀嚼(chew的ing形式)astounding:adj.令人震惊的;令人惊骇的 transcendent:adj.卓越的;超常的;出类拔萃的/n.卓越的人;超绝物protocols:n.协议;礼仪礼节;条款(protocol的复数)/v.拟
14、定议定书;拟定草案(protocol的三单形式)revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式)It was unequivocally not something a squirrel could chew on.(Laughter)But that in fact seemed to be the case.它绝然不是 但事实上情况就是如此02:47A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet.(Laughter)Andthen I got this image in my head of what would happe
15、n ifyou yanked the wire from the wall and if you started tofollow it.Where would it go?真的有只松鼠在咀嚼我的因特网(笑声)沿着它走会到哪里呢02:55Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit?03:04Could I go there?Who would I meet?03:07You know,was there something actually out there?真的有这么一个地方吗03:09And the answer,by a
16、ll accounts,was no.03:12This was the Internet,this black box with a red light on it,asrepresented in the sitcom The IT Crowd.这就是因特网 这个带着红色灯的黑盒子03:15Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben,because thats whereyou get the best reception,but they had negotiated thattheir colleague could borrow it for th
17、e afternoon to use in anoffice presentation.03:21unequivocally:明确地 chewed:n.咀嚼;咀嚼物/vt.嚼碎,咀嚼/vi.细想,深思 yanked:vi.猛地一拉/vt.猛拉/n.突然的猛拉light on:偶然遇见(碰见,发现);停落于 sitcom:abbr.情景喜剧(situationcomedy)negotiated:adj.商谈的/v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式)The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it for ashort
18、 while,and she looks at it and she says,This is theInternet?The whole Internet?Is it heavy?因特网的资深用户愿意和它分开 一会儿 她看着盒子说”这就是因特网吗 整个因特网 它重吗“03:34They say,Of course not,the Internet doesnt weighanything.03:43And I was embarrassed.I was looking for this thing that onlyfools seem to look for.只有傻瓜才会去寻找03:47T
19、he Internet was that amorphous blob,or it was a silly blackbox with a blinking red light on it.03:52It wasnt a real world out there.它不是一个真实的世界03:57But,in fact,it is.There is a real world of the Internet out there,and thats what I spent about two years visiting,these placesof the Internet.I was in la
20、rge data centers也就是我花费了过去两年时间到访的 因特网的所在地我在大型的数据中心03:59that use as much power as the cities in which they sit,and Ivisited places like this,60 Hudson Street in New York,whichis one of the buildings in the world,04:08one of a very short list of buildings,about a dozen buildings,where more networks of
21、the Internet connect to each otherthan anywhere else.名单中仅有的十几座中的其中一座04:15elders:n.长老;尊长(elder的复数)part with:与分开;舍弃 embarrassed:adj.尴尬的;窘迫的/v.使.困窘;使.局促不安(embarrass的过去分词形式)amorphous:adj.无定形的;无组织的;物非晶形的 blob:n.一滴;一抹;难以名状的一团/vt.弄脏;把做错/vi.得零分;弄错 blinking:adj.眨眼的;闪光的;可恶的;十足的;一眨眼的/v.眨眼睛;闪闪发光;对视而不见(blink的ing
22、形式)/adv.非常;十足/n.闪烁;瞬目And that connection is an unequivocally physical process.04:22Its about the router of one network,a Facebook or a Googleor a B.T.or a Comcast or a Time Warner,whatever it is,connecting with usually a yellow fiber-optic cable up into那关乎着网络的路由器 比如面书或 通常连接着黄色的光纤电缆04:25the ceiling a
23、nd down into the router of another network,andthats unequivocally physical,and its surprisingly intimate.04:32A building like 60 Hudson,and a dozen or so others,has 10times more networks connecting within it than the next tierof buildings.04:40Theres a very short list of these places.04:47And 60 Hud
24、son in particular is interesting because its hometo about a half a dozen very important networks,which are哈德逊街60号特别有趣是因为它是 这些网络连接海底电缆04:49to about a half a dozen very important networks,which arethe networks which serve the undersea cables that travelunderneath the ocean that connect Europe and Amer
25、ica andconnect all of us.And its those cables in particular that I want to focus on.我特别想谈谈那些电缆05:01If the Internet is a global phenomenon,if we live in a globalvillage,its because there are cables underneath the ocean,cables like this.如果因特网是个全球现象 如果我们活 在海底 像这样的电缆05:05router:n.计路由器;刳刨者 tier:n.层,排;行,列
26、;等级/vt.使层叠/vi.成递升徘列 in particular:尤其,特别 undersea:adj.水下的;海面下的And in this dimension,they are incredibly small.05:13You can you hold them in your hand.Theyre like a gardenhose.05:16But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive,asexpansive as you can imagine.但从另一个角度看 他们非常广阔05:19They stretch
27、across the ocean.Theyre three or five or eightthousand miles in length,and if the material science and thecomputational technology is incredibly complicated,thebasic physical process05:25is shockingly simple.Light goes in on one end of the oceanand comes out on the other,and it usually comes from ab
28、uilding called a landing station thats often却是惊人的简单 灯光从海的一边进去 一座叫作坐落站的大楼出来05:36www.XiYuS锡育软件tucked away inconspicuously in a little seasideneighborhood,and there are amplifiers that sit on the oceanfloor that look kind of like bluefin tuna,and every 50 miles在海床设有增强器 它们看起来像蓝鳍吞拿 每50英里05:46dimension:n.
29、方面;数维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸/adj.规格的 expansive:adj.广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的 computational:adj.计算的 shockingly:adv.怕人地,非常地;不正当地 tucked:vt.盘(腿);盘(头发);使有褶裥;使折叠;收拢(tuck的过去分词)/vi.缝褶裥;折叠(tuck的过去分词)inconspicuously:adv.难以觉察地;不显著地 seaside:n.海边;海滨/adj.海边的;海滨的amplifiers:n.电子放大器,增强剂(amplifier的复数);功放 bluefin:n.(蓝鳍)金枪鱼;作生鱼片的精品鱼肉they
30、amplify the signal,and since the rate of transmission isincredibly fast,the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-secondwavelength of light,maybe a thousand times your own它们会增强信号 由于传播速度 光波 也许是你连接速度的一千倍05:54connection,or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams,butnot only that,but youll put not just one wa
31、velength of lightthrough one of the fibers,but youll put maybe但不止那样 你不会只把一个光波06:0450 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of lightthrough a single fiber,and then youll have maybe eightfibers in a cable,four going in each direction.50或60或70个不同波长或颜色的光波06:13And theyre tiny.Theyre the thickness o
32、f a hair.06:21And then they connect to the continent somewhere.06:25They connect in a manhole like this.Literally,this is wherethe 5,000-mile cable plugs in.这是5千英里电缆接入的地方06:27This is in Halifax,a cable that stretches from Halifax toIreland.这里是哈利法克斯 电缆从这里延伸到爱尔兰06:32amplify:vt.放大，扩大；增强；详述/vi.详述 wavele
33、ngth:n.物波长 fibers:n.纤维(fiber的复数)wavelengths:n.物波长(wavelength的复数)fiber:n.纤维;光纤(等于fibre)thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清 manhole:n.人孔;检修孔 plugs:n.电插头;栓塞,通信插塞(plug的复数)/v.插入,塞住;接插头(plug的第三人称单数)stretches:伸张And the landscape is changing.Three years ago,when Istarted thinking about this,there was one cable down th
34、eWestern coast of Africa,represented in this map by SteveSong as that thin black line.06:37Now there are six cables and more coming,three down eachcoast.现在已经有六条电缆 还会有更多 三条连接到东岸06:48Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable,theyrealize that its not enough.If theyre going to build anindustry
35、 around it,they need to know that their connection因为一旦一个国家连接了一条电缆 他们会意识到这是不足够的 如果他们想在06:52isnt tenuous but permanent,because if a cable breaks,youhave to send a ship out into the water,throw a grapplinghook over the side,pick it up,find the other end,and thenfuse the two ends back together and then
36、dump it over.不是脆弱的而是永久的 因为如果一个电缆断了 扔个抓钩 钩起一头电缆 再勾起另一头07:00Its an intensely,intensely physical process.这真是个很折腾的物理过程07:10So this is my friend Simon Cooper,who until very recently07:15So this is my friend Simon Cooper,who until very recentlyworked for Tata Communications,the communications wingof Tata,
37、the big Indian industrial conglomerate.plugged:adj.堵塞的;塞紧的/v.堵塞;接通电源(plug的过去分词)tenuous:adj.纤细的;稀薄的;贫乏的 ship out:运出;坐船到国外去 grappling:n.擒拿;探线;锚定/v.抓钩;扭打;握牢(grapple的ing形式)intensely:adv.强烈地;紧张地;热情地 Cooper:vi.箍桶;修桶/n.制桶工人;修桶匠/vt.箍桶;制桶 Tata:int.再见/n.散步;机关枪 conglomerate:vi.凝聚成团/n.岩砾岩;企业集团;聚合物/adj.成团的;砾岩性的/
38、vt.使聚结;凝聚成团And Ive never met him.Weve only communicated via thistelepresence system,which always makes me think of him asthe man inside the Internet.(Laughter)他是因特网里面的人(笑声)07:25And he is English.The undersea cable industry is dominatedby Englishmen,and they all seem to be 42.07:35(Laughter)Because t
39、hey all started at the same time with theboom about 20 years ago.从20年前的兴盛时期开始的07:42And Tata had gotten its start as a communications businesswhen they bought two cables,one across the Atlantic andone across the Pacific,and proceeded to add piecesTata是以通讯业起家的 一开始他们买了两条电缆一条横跨大西洋07:48onto them,until th
40、ey had built a belt around the world,which means they will send your bits to the East or the West.这意味着他们会把你的比特信息传送到东方或西方07:57They have-this is literally a beam of light around the world,and if a cable breaks in the Pacific,itll send it around theother direction.And then having done that,they started
41、 tolook for places to wire next.如果有电缆在太平洋中断开了 它会把光发送到 另一个方向 这么做以后08:02They looked for the unwired places,and thats meant Northand South,primarily these cables to Africa.他们会寻找没有连线的地方 那意味着08:14telepresence:n.思科网真(一种通过结合高清晰度视频,音频和交互式组件,在网络上创建一种独特的面对面体验的新型技术);远端临场;远程呈现 dominated:adj.占主导地位的;强势的;占统治地位的;数受
42、控的/v.控制,支配;处于支配地位(dominate的过去式)proceeded:继续/进行 unwired:adj.无金属丝的But what amazes me is Simons incredible geographicimagination.08:19He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness.08:23And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see oneof these cables being built.See,you know,a
43、ll the time onlinewe experience these fleeting moments of connection,08:26these sort of brief adjacencies,a tweet or a Facebook post oran email,and it seemed like there was a physical corollary tothat.或是一封电邮 似乎都有一个实体存在08:34It seemed like there was a moment when the continent wasbeing plugged in,and
44、I wanted to see that.08:42And Simon was working on a new cable,WACS,the WestAfrica Cable System,that stretched from Lisbon down thewest coast of Africa,to Cote dIvoire,to Ghana,to Nigeria,toCameroon.西非电缆体系(WACS)08:46And he said there was coming soon,depending on theweather,but hed let me know when,a
45、nd so with about fourdays notice,he said to go to this beach south of Lisbon,and alittle after 9,this guy will walk out of the water.(Laughter)有个人从海里走出来(笑声)08:56amazes:vt.使吃惊 geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的 fleeting:adj.飞逝的;转瞬间的/v.迅速移动(fleet的ing形式)corollary:n.推论;必然的结果 stretched:adj.拉伸的,伸展了的/v.伸直,伸展;舒展(stret
46、ch的过去分词);伸缩And hell be carrying a green nylon line,a lightweight line,called a messenger line,and that was the first link betweensea and land,this link that would then be leveraged into this9,000-mile path of light.那叫做悬缆线 那线首先连接 大海和陆地 接着会被09:10Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from thisspe
47、cialized cable landing ship,and it was floated on thesebuoys until it was in the right place.接着推土机开始把电缆拉起来 通过这艘专门的电缆安装船 电缆会浮动在09:23Then you can see the English engineers looking on.09:32And then,once it was in the right place,he got back in thewater holding a big knife,and he cut each buoy off,and t
48、hebuoy popped up into the air,and the cable一旦电缆放对了地方 他就回到 水中手握一把大刀切掉每个浮标09:35dropped to the sea floor,and he did that all the way out tothe ship,and when he got there,they gave him a glass ofjuice and a cookie,and then he jumped back in,and heswam back to shore,and then he lit a cigarette.(Laughter)
49、掉进海床 他沿途一直这么做 然后他点了根烟(笑声)09:43nylon:n.尼龙,纺聚酰胺纤维;尼龙袜 lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人/adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的 messenger:n.报信者,送信者;先驱 leveraged:adj.杠杆的;杠杆作用的/v.(美)杠杆式投机,举债经营(leverage的过去分词形式)bulldozer:n.推土机;欺凌者,威吓者 specialized:adj.专业的;专门的/v.专攻(specialize的过去分词);使专门化;详细说明 floated:adj.浮动的/v.漂浮;发行(float的过去分词);散布 buoys:
50、n.水运浮标;救生圈(buoy的复数形式)/v.支撑;使浮于水面(buoy的第三人称单数)buoy:n.水运浮标;浮筒;救生圈;航标/vt.使浮起;支撑;鼓励 popped:adj.被警察局拘押的;被逮捕的/v.突然爆开;突然地出现;取出(pop的过去分词)swam:v.游泳(swim的过去式)And then once that cable was on shore,they began toprepare to connect it to the other side,for the cable that hadbeen brought down from the landing stat