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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I am in search of another planet in the universe where lifeexists.我正在宇宙中寻找另一颗有生命的行星。00:12I cant see this planet with my naked eyes or even with themost powerful telescopes we currently possess.靠肉眼肯定看不到,将来自太阳的热量牢牢锁住,将金星地表变成一片焦土。也看不到。00:18But I know that its there.但我坚信它的存在。00:25And unders
2、tanding contradictions that occur in nature willhelp us find it.了解自然界的矛盾法则,能帮助我们找到它。00:27On our planet,where theres water,theres life.在我们地球上,哪里有水,哪里就有生命。00:33So we look for planets that orbit at just the right distancefrom their stars.因此我们将目光锁定在那些与恒星的距离 正合适的行星。00:36At this distance,shown in blue on
3、this diagram for stars ofdifferent temperatures,planets could be warm enough forwater to flow on their surfaces as lakes and oceans where lifemight reside.这一距离,在这张示意图中以蓝色表示,根据恒星温度的高低而不同,能保证行星足够温暖,使水保持液态,形成湖泊和海洋,就有可能孕育生命。00:42Some astronomers focus their time and energy on findingplanets at these dis
4、tances from their stars.一些天文学家将时间和精力投入到搜寻那些 与其所围绕恒星的距离在这一范围内的行星。00:54What I do picks up where their job ends.而我的工作紧随其后。01:00in search of:寻找;搜寻 contradictions:数矛盾 orbit:n.轨道;眼眶;势力范围;生活常规/vi.盘旋;绕轨道运行/vt.绕轨道而行 surfaces:n.表面;曲面(surface的复数)/v.使成平面(surface的第三人称单数形式)reside:vi.住,居住;属于 astronomers:天文学家I mode
5、l the possible climates of exoplanets.我建立这些系外行星的气候模型。01:03And heres why thats important:there are many factorsbesides distance from its star that control whether a planetcan support life.这项工作很重要:因为要决定行星上是否有生命存在,除了与恒星的距离外,还有许多其他因素。01:07Take the planet Venus.以金星为例。01:16Its named after the Roman goddes
6、s of love and beauty,because of its benign,ethereal appearance in the sky.它以罗马（神话中）爱和美之女神的名字命名,因为它看起来如此优雅而美丽。01:18But spacecraft measurements revealed a different story.然而宇宙飞船测量的结果完全不是这么回事。01:26The surface temperature is close to 900 degrees Fahrenheit,500 Celsius.金星表面的温度接近900华氏度,也就是500摄氏度。01:30That
7、s hot enough to melt lead.这温度足以融化铅。01:36Its thick atmosphere,not its distance from the sun,is thereason.原因并不在于它与太阳的距离,而在于它厚厚的大气层。01:39It causes a greenhouse effect on steroids,trapping heat fromthe sun and scorching the planets surface.金星的大气层引发的温室效应,将来自太阳的热量牢牢锁住,将金星地表变成一片焦土。01:42climates:n.气候气候,气氛;风
8、气(climate复数形式)exoplanets:外星行星 Venus:n.天金星;维纳斯(爱与美的女神)benign:adj.良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的/ethereal:adj.优雅的;轻飘的;缥缈的;超凡的 measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数)Fahrenheit:adj.华氏的;华氏温度计的/n.华氏温度计;华氏温标 Celsius:adj.摄氏的/n.摄氏度steroids:n.生化类固醇(steroid的复数形式);甾体 trapping:v.诱捕(trap的ing形式);设陷阱;阻止;使密封于管内/n.俘获;设陷阱;隔气/adj.俘获的;
9、封闭的 scorching:adj.灼热的;激烈的;讽刺的;过早硫化的/v.把烧焦;严厉批评;切割;过早硫化(scorch的ing形式)The reality totally contradicted initial perceptions of thisplanet.这与我们之前对金星的想象完全不一样。01:50From these lessons from our own solar system,weve learnedthat a planets atmosphere is crucial to its climate andpotential to host life.我们太阳系的这
10、个例子告诉我们,行星的大气层 对于其气候特点和能否孕育生命至关重要。01:55We dont know what the atmospheres of these planets are我们无法了解那些（可能孕育生命的）行星的大气情况,因为跟它们围绕的恒星相比,它们又小又暗,TED演讲者：Aomawa Shields|奥玛娃?希尔兹演讲标题：How we.ll find life on other planets|我们如何寻找地外生命内容概要：Astronomer Aomawa Shields searches for clues that life might exist elsewhere
11、 in theuniverse by examining the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.When she isn.t exploring theheavens,the classically trained actor(and TED Fellow)looks for ways to engage young womenin the sciences using theater,writing and visual art.Maybe one day they.ll join the ranks ofastronomers who are full
12、 of contradictions,she says,and use their backgrounds to discover,once and for all,that we are truly not alone in the universe.天文学家奥玛娃?希尔兹通过调查遥远的系外行星的大气组成，来寻找宇宙中存在其他生命的线索。在探索星空之余，这位接受过古典艺术训练的演员（同时也是TED会员），通过戏剧、写作和视觉艺术等方式吸引年轻女性参与科研。“也许有一天她们也能成为那些充满矛盾的天文学家中的一员，”她说，“运用自身所学，彻底证明我们在茫茫宇宙中并不孤独。”We dont kno
13、w what the atmospheres of these planets arelike because the planets are so small and dim compared totheir stars and so far away from us.情况,因为跟它们围绕的恒星相比,它们又小又暗,而且离我们非常遥远。02:04For example,one of the closest planets that could supportsurface water-its called Gliese 667 Cc-such a glamorousname,right,nic
14、e phone number for a name-its 23 lightyears away.比如,离我们最近的,可能有液态水存在的行星之一,叫做“格利泽667Cc”多美的名字啊,对吧,做电话号码应该不错 离我们23光年。02:14So thats more than 100 trillion miles.也就是超过100万亿英里。02:29Trying to measure the atmospheric composition of anexoplanet passing in front of its host star is hard.想要在一颗系外行星从它的主恒星前经过时,测量它
15、的大气成分太难了。02:32Its like trying to see a fruit fly passing in front of a carsheadlight.就好比要看清一只 从车头灯前飞过的果蝇一样。02:39contradicted:反驳/矛盾 perceptions:n.认知;观念(perception的复数);理解 solar system:天太阳系 atmospheres:n.心理气氛(atmosphere的复数形式);氛围/v.使有的氛围(atmosphere的单三形式)glamorous:adj.迷人的,富有魅力的trillion:n.数万亿/adj.万亿的/num.
16、数万亿 atmospheric:adj.大气的,大气层的 exoplanet:外星行星 headlight:n.汽车等的前灯;船上的桅灯;矿工和医生用的帽灯OK,now imagine that car is 100 trillion miles away,and youwant to know the precise color of that fly.而且,这辆车还远在100万亿英里之外,你还想看清这只果蝇的颜色。02:44So I use computer models to calculate the kind ofatmosphere a planet would need to h
17、ave a suitable climatefor water and life.因此我用计算机建模,来计算一颗行星要形成适宜水和生命存在的气候,需要何种大气类型。02:52Heres an artists concept of the planet Kepler-62f,with theEarth for reference.这是一张“开普勒62f”行星的概念图,旁边是用来做对比的地球。03:01Its 1,200 light years away,and just 40 percent larger thanEarth.它距离我们1200光年,体积只比地球大40%。03:07Our NSF
18、-funded work found that it could be warm enoughfor open water from many types of atmospheres andorientations of its orbit.我们的研究由国家科学基金会资助发现它温度适宜,可能存在液态水,它的大气拥有多种成分,还有它的公转轨道（都可能证明这一点）。03:12So Id like future telescopes to follow up on this planet tolook for signs of life.因此我希望未来的望远镜能继续观测这颗行星,寻找生命存在的迹象
19、。03:20Ice on a planets surface is also important for climate.行星表面的冰层对于气候同样重要。03:26Ice absorbs longer,redder wavelengths of light,and reflectsshorter,bluer light.冰能吸收波长较长、更靠近红端的光,反射波长较短、更靠近蓝端的光。03:29Thats why the iceberg in this photo looks so blue.这就是为什么这张照片里的冰山看起来这么蓝。03:35orientations:方向/测定向/适应/情况介
20、绍(orientation的复数)absorbs:v.吸收;吸引的注意(absorb的第三人称单数形式)redder:adj.red比较级 wavelengths:n.物波长(wavelength的复数)reflects:反照/反射 bluer:染蓝检验工The redder light from the sun is absorbed on its way throughthe ice.阳光里偏红的光在穿过冰层时被吸收。03:39Only the blue light makes it all the way to the bottom.只有蓝色的光一路走到底。03:42Then it ge
21、ts reflected back to up to our eyes and we see blueice.然后反射到我们的眼睛里,我们就看到了蓝色的冰。03:45My models show that planets orbiting cooler stars couldactually be warmer than planets orbiting hotter stars.我的模型显示,恒星温度越低,其行星反而更温暖,恒星温度越高,其行星反而更寒冷。03:50Theres another contradiction-that ice absorbs the longerwaveleng
22、th light from cooler stars,and that light,thatenergy,heats the ice.这又是一个矛盾之处 冰层吸收来自温度较低恒星发出的波长较长的光,而这些光,这些能量,又加热了冰层。03:56Using climate models to explore how these contradictionscan affect planetary climate is vital to the search for lifeelsewhere.运用气候模型 来研究这些矛盾,看它们如何影响行星的气候,对于寻找地外生命至关重要。04:06And its
23、 no surprise that this is my specialty.而我命中注定要从事这个行业。04:16Im an African-American female astronomer and aclassically trained actor who loves to wear makeup and readfashion magazines,so I am uniquely positioned toappreciate contradictions in nature-我是一名非裔美籍女天文学家,也是受过古典艺术训练的演员,我喜欢化妆,喜欢时尚杂志,所以上帝派我来理解这些矛
24、盾04:19absorbed:adj.被吸收的;一心一意的/v.吸收;使全神贯注(absorb的过去分词形式)reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的/v.反射;思考(reflect的过去式和过去分词)orbiting:v.航天轨道运行;轨道运动;转圈(orbit的ing形式)wavelength:n.物波长planetary:adj.行星的 specialty:n.专业，专长；特产；特性；招牌菜/adj.特色的；专门的；独立的 African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人)astronomer:n.天文学家 classically:adv.拟古地;古典主义地 makeup
25、:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考 uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地 positioned:adj.放置的/v.放置;确定的位置(position的过去分词)(Laughter)（笑声）04:33(Applause).and how they can inform our search for the nextplanet where life exists.（掌声）并利用它们来寻找下一个有生命的行星。04:34My organization,Rising Stargirls,teaches astronomy tomiddle-school girls of color,using th
26、eater,writing and visualart.我成立的“新星女孩”组织,通过戏剧、写作和视觉艺术的方式,向非白人女中学生传授天文学知识。04:42Thats another contradiction-science and art dont often gotogether,but interweaving them can help these girls bringtheir whole selves to what they learn,and maybe one dayjoin the ranks of astronomers who are full of contrad
27、ictions,这也是一对矛盾科技和艺术看起来不同路,但两者的交融可以帮助这些姑娘们实现自我,学有所成,也许有一天她们也能成为那些充满矛盾的 天文学家中的一员,04:52and use their backgrounds to discover,once and for all,thatwe are truly not alone in the universe.运用自身所学,彻底证明 我们在茫茫宇宙中并不孤独。05:06Thank you.谢谢大家。05:14(Applause)（掌声）05:15astronomy:n.天文学 selves:n.自己,自我(self的复数);私心 once and for all:一劳永逸地;彻底地;最后一次*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*