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1、备战2022年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破07重难语言知识之动态动词与静态动词【重点提示】英语动词根据其语义特征，可分为动态动词(dynamic verb)和静态动词(stative verb)。确切地说,实义动词的意 义有动态与静态之分。动态动词表示事件的发生、心理活动和从一种状态向另一种状态转变时的动态意义，即表示一种运动状态。 动态动词既可用于进行体，也可用于非进行体。动态动词大体分为三类：(1)持续性动词:drink,eat,read,write,walk,run,play,talk,fly,watch 等。(2) 瞬间动词：leave,go,come,see,arise,break,
2、。pen,meet,close,join,jump,admit,discover 等。(3) 状态转换动词：become,turn,grow,change,come, go例如：1. He is writing a letter to his friend.2. He closed the windows.3. The leaves on the tress are turning green.4. He changed his mind.通过例2和例3、例4的语义比较可以看出，瞬间动词与状态转换动词的区别：前者一般没有结果意义， 可以在短期内反复重复发生；后者有结果意义，一般不可以在短期内重
3、复发生。此外，通过上述动态动词及其实 例分析可知，动态动词总体在表示一种运动状态，且绝大多数动词是动态动词。另一方面，动态动词既可用于进 行体，也可用于非进行体。静态动词表示人或事物的存在状态、相互关系、心理活动的结果状态、情感或情绪状态、感觉状态以及身 体姿态。静态动词表示一种相对静止的动词，且常用于非进行体，即一般时态，同时可以将其归纳为以下类别：(1) 表示存在状态：be, exist, seem, appear, sound, look, taste, smell, come from, differ from, matter 等。(2)表示相互关系：contain,have, own
4、, possess, hold, contain, include, exclude, belong to, lack, concern, constitute, consist of,stand for,involve 等。(3)表示心理活动结果状态：think,believe, know, agree, assume, consider, disagree, disbelieve, suppose, realize, suspect, wonder 等。(4) 表示情感情绪状态：admire, adore, believe in, care about, detest, dislike,
5、doubt, envy, fear, hate, like, love, regret, respect, trust, value 等。(5) 表示欲望愿望：desire, hope, need, prefer, require, want, wish 等。(6)表示身体感觉状态：ache, itch, tingle, hurt, feel,see,taste,smell,hea r 等。（7）表示姿态：lie, sit, stand 等。例如：1. The old customs still exist in rural areas.（exist 表示存在状态）2. The report
6、consists of five parts.（consist of 表示相互关系）3. The police suspect her of murder.（suspect 表示心理活动结果状态）4. The little girl saw a black dog beside the door.（see 表示身体感觉状态）5. He hates being pushed around.（hate 表示情感情绪状态）通过上述对静态动词的分类和例句分析可以发现，静态动词的语义特征是：状态的存在是不结束的或其结束 是不可预料的，表示某时刻或时段存在着的，不可预料其结束的状态。因此,静态动词也被称为
7、非结束性动词。静 态动词只占英语动词的一小部分，因此，掌握了上述语义特征，即可推知某动词或动词的某个意义是否为静态动 词或静态意义。动态动词与静态动词的划分是相对的，而不是绝对的。同一个动词的某个意义可能是动态的，而另一个意 义则可能是静态的。如：“He is considering buying a car. ”中的 consider 是动态动词，而 “I consider him to bet he best.” 中的 consider 却是静态动词。又如：“The soup tastes delicious.” 表示静态,而 “He is tasting the soup.” 又 表示动
8、态。此外，有些静态动词在特定的语境中被活用为动态动词，失去了静态意义，如“lam wondering if you can help me. ”【重点突破】一、完成句子1 .那个学生无法解释为什么迟到。The student couldnthis being late.2 .据报道，网络游戏上瘾的青少年有离群避世的倾向。It is reported that teenagers who online games tend to the people and the worldaround them.3 . Since smoking is bad for your health, youd b
9、etter.既然吸烟对健康有害，你最好现在就戒烟。4 .是时候把他学到的技巧运用起来了。the skills he has learned.5 .您可以根据自己的口味来选择食物。You couldyour own according to your particular taste.6 .随着现代科学技术的发展，电脑出现了。With the development of modern science and technology, the computer has.7 .学校三年来发生的巨大变化，给我留下了深刻的印象。I am deeply impressed by the great cha
10、nges that in the school over the past three years.8 .送奶工撞到石头，牛奶泼洒的到处都是。(spill)The milkman crashed into stone,.9 .他正要去会场，突然想起会议已经延期到下周了。(occur)Hego to the meeting that the meeting had been postponed to the next week.10 .缺乏勇气使他失去了获胜的机会。(一句多译)(1)made him lose the chance of winning.(lack v.)(2)made him
11、lose the chance of winning, (lack n.)11 .越来越多的人开始重视经济与环境的均衡发展。(attach)people begin to between economy and environment.12 .用更好、更现实的想法取代不好的想法，快乐的情绪就会随之而来。the bad thoughtsbetter, and more realistic ones and happier emotions would follow.13 .学习了一段时间之后，你应当起来活动活动。After studying for some time, you ought to
12、 get up and.14 .稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。to know a little bit about British history will help you.15 .50岁时，她发现自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。At age 50, she found herself out of work and at home with only her computer to1.1 1 all child survivors can someday forget the earthquake nightmare and grow healthily.我祈祷，这些幸存
13、的孩子们将来能忘记地震的噩梦，能健康地成长。17 .当时的英语更多的时候以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。It was moreGerman than the English we speak at present.18 .死伤人数达到40多万。The number of people who were killed or more than 400,000.19 . A footballer taking money for goals so as to letthe team win.一个足球运动员被指控受贿，故意不进球，好让另一队赢球。20 . We for Mary for ha
14、lf an hour, but she hasnt turned up until now.我们已经等玛丽半个钟头了，但是到现在她仍旧没有来。21 . The harder you practice,.(进步就越大)22 .今天世界上使用的6000 - 7000种语言中，有一半将在下个世纪逐渐消失。Half of the 6,000 7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely by the nextcentury.1.1 1 asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.
15、我请他去看电影，但他不想去。24 . The only thing you have to do is.你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。25 .经过几轮磋商，两家公司终于决定了签约的日期。After several rounds of negotiations, the two firms eventually the date of contract.二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just end up with rosy dreams. Hav
16、e a whiff of rotten(腐烂 的)eggs during the night and your dreams may be26. (pleasant), So says researcher Dr. Boris Stuck, 27. invited sleeping volunteers to a rose vs. rotten egg test in the University Hospital Mannheim in Germany. The subjects didnt dream about roses28, eggs, but rather he found tha
17、t what they smelt affected the emotions of29. (they) dreams.And if you think30. (smell) have a say in dreams, wait for what TV tells us. A UK study reveals that people exposed31, black-and-white film and TV in their youth are to have monochromic(单色的)dreams throughout their life more32. (probable), E
18、va Murzyn from the University of Dundee tested two age groups- one half 33. (age) over 55 and34. other half under 25.The result? Under 5% of the dreams of the under-25s were in black and white. 35. (watchkolor TV in childhood seems to be the reason why.2THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEIn Congress, Ju
19、ly 4, 1776When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures god entitle them, a decent
20、respect to the opinions of mankind requires that theyshould d36. the causes which impel them to the separation.We h37, these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created e38. , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable R39., that among these are life, L40, , and the purs
21、uit of Happiness.That to secure these rights, g 41. are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the P 42. to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, 1
22、43. its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such f44. , as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience
23、 has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariable the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despot
24、ism, it is their right, it is their d 45. , to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.3A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 46. (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to i
25、ts full potential. 47. its high altitudes。每拔)，long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 48. the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.In
26、the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 49. (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 50. (sweet) to the locals.In mid-September, 51. their See
27、dless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes52. (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 53. (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put54, in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 55.
28、(burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.4Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 56. ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, youd better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 57. (crowd ). Near
29、Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 58. ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 59. ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 60. ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 61. you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 62. the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 63. impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 64. ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 65. ( plain ).