《04 形容词和副词(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《04 形容词和副词(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国).docx（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练（全国通用）04形容词和副词【知识框架】I.形容词1 .形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one 等构成的 复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修 饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等作定语时后
2、置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容 词或副词时要后置to take his adventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.（NMET2000）A.Brave enough studentsB.Enough breavestu
3、dentsC.Studeets brave enoughD.Studentsenough brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（The、A） +描绘性形容词+ size （小）+ shape （形状）+ age （年龄、口寸间）+ color（颜色）+ origin （国籍、来源）+ material （材料,）+ purpose （目的）+名词。Thisgirl is Lindas cousin. （05 北京卷）A, pretty little Spanish B. Spanish
4、 little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish2 ,复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词 +edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分 词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语As he loo
5、ked at the goat, it rolled over, dead.当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。IL副词的分类:1时间副 词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never33. 考查副词。句意：古英语是由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来的，这些方言最初是在弗里西亚沿海地区 使用的。本空在句中修饰动词spoke
6、,修饰动词要用副词，故填originally。34. 考查固定搭配。句意：古英语由一套北海日耳曼方言发展而来，这些方言最初在弗里西亚、下萨克森、 日德兰和瑞典南部沿岸，日耳曼部落称为盎格鲁、撒克逊人和朱特人。be known as为固定搭配，意为“以 闻名；称为”，故填as。35. 考查冠词。句意：古英语时期最著名的作品是一位不知名的诗人写的史诗。句中的unknown为元音 音素开头的，故要用an。36. 考查名词。句意：诺曼国王和贵族只会说各种各样的法语，叫做盎格鲁诺曼。句中的a+名词+of,可知 本空用名词.“a variety of”为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的，故填variety。37
7、. 考查谓语动词。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了随后几个世纪语言的持续演变。分析句子可知，本空在句中 作谓语。根据语境可知，此句叙述是以前的事，所以要用一般过去时。而且主语与谓语动词是主动关系， 故用一般过去时的主动语态，故填strengthened。38. 考查名词从句。句意：诺曼人的影响加强了语言在随后几个世纪的持续演变，导致了现在被称为所谓的 中英语。分析句子可知，result in的宾语从句中缺少了主语，缺少主语一般要用what,故填what。39. 考查非谓语。句意：商务、科技、外交、艺术和正规教育都使英语成为第一种真正的全球语言。分析句 子可知，become的逻辑主语是English,二
8、者是主动关系，故填becoming。40. 考查定语从句。句意：1755年，塞缪尔约翰逊出版了他的英语词典，其中介绍了一套标准的拼写惯 例和用法规范。分析句子 In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his A Dictionary of the English Language, _10 introduced a standard set of spelling conventions and usage norms.是定语从句，其中先彳亍词为 A Dictionary of the La华age,在定语从句中作主语，因此要用关系词whicho故填which。5T
9、here are all kinds of 41. (festival)throughout the world, festivals to satisfy and please the ancestors, to honour some famous people42, important events, and to express peoples gratitude to the God for bringing them a year of plenty.For example, Japanese observe Obon,when people go to clean graves
10、and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 43. India, October 2 is a national festival to honour Mohandas Gandhi, who helped India become an44. (depend) country.And in China the Spring Festival,45. is celebrated in January or February, is the46. (much)energetic and important because it is a fes
11、tival that47. (look) forward to the coming of spring.Why are all these festivals everywhere? Because during the festivals, people can get together 48. ( eat), drink and have fun with each other,49. (forget) all the 50. (day) struggles and demands for a while.【答案】41. festivals42. or43. In44. independ
12、ent45. which46. most47. looks48. to eat49. forgetting50. daily【解析】本文是一篇说明文，以三个国家的节日为例介绍了世界上有很多节日及其意义。41 .考查名词复数。句意：世界上有各种各样的节日。all kinds of修饰可数名词复数，故填festivals。42 .考查连词。句意：这些节日以纪念一些著名的人或重要的事件。根据句意可知此处表示“或者、故填。r。43 .考查介词。句意：在印度，10月2日是一个全国性的节日，以纪念帮助印度成为一个独立国家的莫罕 达斯甘地。表示“在某一国家”用介词in,故填In。44 .考查形容词。句意参考
13、上题解析，修饰名词country用形容词，故填independent。45 .考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在中国，人们在一月或二月庆祝春节。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系 词指代先行词the Spring Festival,并在从句中作主语，故填whicho46 .考查形容词最高级。句意：春节是最充满活力和最重要的，因为它是一个期待春天到来的节日。the修 饰形容词最高级，故填most。47 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题解析，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，that引导定语从句, 指代a festival,是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填looks。48 .考查不定式。
14、句意：因为在节日期间，人们可以聚在一起吃喝玩乐，暂时忘却所有日常的烦扰。此处表 示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填t。eat。49 .考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，pe叩le与forget之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分 词作状语，故填forgetting。50 .考查形容词。句意参考第8题解析，修饰名词struggles and demands用形容词，故填daily。6Strange things were 51. (happen) in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the
15、village wells 52. (rise) and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in 53. (they). A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 54. (eat). Mice ran out of the field 55. (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bo
16、wls and ponds. 56. about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976, some people saw 57. (brightly) lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 58. (hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 59. the one million people o
17、f the city, 60. thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.【答案】51 . happening52 . rose53 . them54 . to eat55 . looking56 . At57 . bright58 . be heard59 . But60 . who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍地震来临之前出现很多反常现象，很多动物躁动不安，但是城里的人 没有什么察觉。51 .考查动词时态。句意：河北东北部的乡村正发生一些奇怪的事情。根据上文were可知为过去进行时， 故填 happen
18、ingo52 .考查动词时态。句意：三天来，村里井里的水涨了又跌。根据下文并列谓语and fell可知应用一般过去 时 rose。53 .考查人称代词。句意：农民们注意到井壁上有很深的裂缝。介词in后跟人称代词宾格形式，故填them。 54.考查非谓语动词。句意：在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西。本句为结构，表示“太 以致于不能”,故填to eat。55 .考查非谓语动词。句意：老鼠跑出田野，寻找臧身之处。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故look 只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语mice构成主谓关系，用现在分词，故填looking。56 .考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，
19、一些人看到天空中有明亮的灯光。根据下文about 3:00 am on July 28th, 1976为时间点可知应填介词At。57 .考查形容词。light为名词需要形容词修饰，故填bright。58 .考查被动语态。句意：即使天空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也能听到飞机的声音。本句主语The sound of planes与谓语动词构成被动，且could后用动词原形，故填be heard。59 .考查连词。句意：但是，这座城市的100万居民，对这些事件并不以为然，那天晚上像往常一样睡着了。 根据句意前后文为转折关系，故用but。60 .考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词one mill
20、ion people,且先行词在定语从句中做主语， 指人，故用关系代词who。7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the
21、 government, among 61. was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. Its a mark of gratitude fbr her volunteer work. “It is 62. (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,Zhang said.To guarantee the 63. (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 64. (plan) this years Lantern Fes
22、tival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. Its a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 65,(they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museums new look lit up social media following Tuesdays display.Since he became director of t
23、he Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 66. (bring) many changes to the worlds 67. (large) royal complex (建筑群).Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 68. (treasure) come alive again. 69. matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close the
24、y are 70. peoples daily lives J he said.【答案】6 L whom62. truly63. safety64. planning65. themselves66. has brought67. largest68. treasures69. What70. to【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老 的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。61 .考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志 愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visi
25、tors,且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语， 指人，故填whom。62 .考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。63 .考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和 红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。64 .考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。65 .考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在上”,指代vis
26、itors,故填themselveso66 .考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许 多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。67 .考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。68 .考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的 想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。69 .考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们
27、离人们的日常生活 有多近，“他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。70 .考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Imagine 71.(take) a photo of an apple on the moon with your smartphone. It seems 72. possible) , right? But thats what it was like73, scientists to take a photo of a black hole in space.
28、In spite of many challenges, scientists have finally gotten the first image of a black hole.Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in 74. universe. According to Einsteins theory, a black hole comes from a dying star. 75. collapses (坍塌)into a small point with a lot of mass and strong gravi
29、ty.The strong gravity of black hole allows it 76. (pull) other things in and neatnthem.Not even light can escape a black hole.The photo proves Einstein was right. It makes the general theory of relativity 77. (believe) .Although they are mysterious, it is likely that black holes are 78. (actual) qui
30、te common. Scientists believe that every large galaxy has a big black hole at its center-the one in our galaxy 79. (call) Sagittarius A. Considering this, studying black holes can tell us many things about other galaxies 80. even the entire universe.【答案】71. taking72. impossible73. for74. the75. whic
31、h76. to pull77. believable78. actually79. is called80. and / or【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍拍摄黑洞照片非常不容易，而黑洞照片也证实了爱因斯坦的广义相对论。 科学家们现在对黑洞照片进行研究，也许能够解决宇宙中更大的谜团。71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下用你的智能手机在月球上拍一张苹果的照片。短语image doing sth想 象做莫事，后跟-ing形式，故填taking。72. 考查形容词。句意：这似乎是不可能的，对吧？根据句意可知表示“不可能的“，应填impossible。73. 考查介词。句意：但对于科学家们来说这就是在
32、太空中拍摄黑洞的感觉。表示“对于；就而言应填介词fOFo74. 考查冠词。句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的东西之一。短语in the uni verse 在宇宙中”，故填冠词the。75. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：根据爱因斯坦的理论，黑洞来自一颗垂死的恒星，它坍缩成一个小点，质 量很大，引力很大。本句为定语从句修饰先行词a dying star且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。 76.考查非谓语动词。句意：黑洞的强大引力使它能把其他东西拉进去“吃掉:短语allow to do ”允许做.” 后跟不定式，故填to pullo77. 考查形容词。句意：它使广义相对论可信。本句为形容词作宾语
33、补足语。表示“使怎么样”，故填 believable o78. 考查副词。句意：虽然黑洞很神秘，但它很可能是相当普遍的。修饰形容词common应用副词，故填 actually o79. 考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家们认为，每个大星系的中心都有一个大黑洞我们星系中的这个黑 洞被称为人马座A。描述客观真理用一般现在时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填iscalled。80. 考查连词。句意：考虑到这一点，研究黑洞可以告诉我们许多关于其他星系甚至整个宇宙的事情。短语 and/or even甚至；乃至“，故填 and/or。9阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。la
34、st Thursday, there was a big fire in a big shop in our city. At 8:16 that morning,8L the employees were working busily in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen 82. (come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed 83.
35、 (escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.Some workers 84. (complain) that aids came too late, 85. the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported. To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too
36、difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in86. hurry.The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was 87. someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette ends 88. (find). Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams wi
37、ll be working in all the factories 89. turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires. 90. (hope), no disasters like this will happen again.【答案】81. when82. coming83. to escape84. complained85. but86. a87. that88. were found89. in90. Hopefully【解析】这是一篇记叙文。上周五一个商店失火，造成了人员伤亡。失火原因据说是烟头引起的。接下来 的
38、两周内，会有15队检查组轮流巡查，以清除更多火灾发生的可能性。81 .考查定语从句。句意：那天早上8:16,当这栋四层楼里的员工正在忙碌工作时，浓烟从二层的窗口被看 见冒了出来。这是一个定语从句，先行词为8:16 that morning,表示时间，且从句缺少时间状语，故填when。82 .考查分词。句意同上。smoke与come之间是主动关系，故填coming。83 .考查不定式。句意：火持续了将近一个小时，345名员工中大多数人从火里逃了出来。“manage t。do sth.” 意为“成功做成某事”，故填toescape。84 .考查时态。句意：一些员工抱怨救援来的太晚，但是消防员的确在
39、火势报道出来的十分钟内就赶到了。 这篇文章使用的是一般过去时，且由后半个分句中的did也可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故填complained。85 .考查连词。句意同上。根据句意，前后分句间是转折关系，故填but。86 .考查冠词。句意：这栋大楼仅有的两个出口不足以让这么多人如此匆忙地撤出。“in a hurry”意为“立即， 匆忙: 为固定搭配。故填a。87 .考查表语从句。句意：据调查者说，火因是某人违反了工厂的禁烟规则，因为一些烟头被找到了。空格 位于was后，且空格后是一句完整的陈述句，不缺句子成分，所以这是一个表语从句，填that。88 .考查被动语态和时态。句意同上。全文使用的是
40、一般过去时，所以这句话也应使用一般过去时。“some cigarette ends”与find之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。且some cigarette ends是名词的复数形式，故填were found o89 .考查介词短语。句意：接下来的两周内，会有15队检查组轮流上班，以清除更多火灾发生的可能性。“in turn”翻译为轮流，依次”，是固定搭配。故填in。90 .考查副词。句意：希望这样的灾难不要再发生。空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填 Hopefully o10阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When meeting peop
41、le at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that a smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, 91 . what if we dont know who the new person is? What if we are not 92. (introduce) by a friend? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to f
42、ind ways to protect 93. (themself). We have to make sure we can trust people we do not know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous, showing our hands means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of94. (shake) hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually 9
43、5. (strong) than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, it cannot be holding a knife or a gun. It shows that we can trust each other.Not all cultures use the handshake, and people in many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. Japanese people might cover one hand with 96. other
44、 hand, depending on 97. they are greeting, bow 98. (slight) or quite low. A Muslim will touch his heart, mouth and forehead 99. (show) respect. They are all keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand 100. (mean). Welcome, you are safe with me.”【答案】91. but9
45、2. introduced93. themselves94. shaking95. stronger96. the97. whom/who98* slightly99. to show100. means【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地几种常见的问候礼仪。91 .考查连词。句意：我们知道微笑通常是人们感到友好和快乐的标志，但如果我们不知道这个新面孔是谁 呢?根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。92 .考查语态。句意：如果不是通过朋友介绍又会怎样呢？ we与introduce之间是被动关系，应该用被动语 态，故填 introduced。93 .考查代词。句意：有时候人是危险的，人们需
46、要想办法保护自己。根据句意可知此处表示“他们自己”， 故填 themselveso94 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在今天的许多文化中，都使用了西方握手的习俗。作介词of的宾语用动名词, 故填 shakingo95 .考查形容词比较级。句意：我们通常用右手，右手比左手更有力。“than”表明此处用形容词比较级，故 填 stronger o96 .考查冠词。句意：日本人可能会用另一只手捂住另一只手，这取决于他们在和谁打招呼，鞠躬的幅度也 不同（轻微鞠躬还是把腰弯得很低）。the other表示“两者中的另一个，故填the。97 .考查宾语从句。句意参考上题解析，分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中
47、的greeting缺少宾语， 故填 whom/whoo98 .考查副词。句意参考第6题解析，修饰动词bow用副词，故填slightly。99 .考查非谓语动词。句意：穆斯林会触摸自己的心、嘴和前额来表示尊重。此处表示目的，应该用不定式 作目的状语，故填to show。100 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几乎在所有的文化中，微笑和伸出右手都表示“欢迎，你和我在一起很安 全讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填means。2地点副 词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why
48、3方式副 词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副 词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er 和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。项 目例句同级比较时常常用asas以及not so（as）.as.She is as