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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件As an architect,I often ask myself,what is the origin of theforms that we design?作为一个建筑师,我经常扣心自问,我们设计出来的造型的来源是什么？00:12What kind of forms could we design if we wouldnt work withreferences anymore?如果不去参考别人的作品 那么我们会设计出怎样的造型呢？00:18If we had no bias,if we had no preconceptions,what kind offo
2、rms could we design if we could free ourselves from ourexperience?如果我们没有偏好,没有先入之见,我们又会设计出怎样的造型呢？如果我们将自己从 积累的经验中解锢出来呢？00:23If we could free ourselves from our education?如果我们能挣脱教育的束缚呢？00:33What would these unseen forms look like?这些前所未有的造型会是什么样子的？00:38Would they surprise us?Would they intrigue us?会让我们眼
3、前一亮吗？会激起我们的兴趣吗？00:41Would they delight us?会让我们感到愉悦吗？00:44If so,then how can we go about creating something that istruly new?如果是这样的话,我们要怎样去创造真正新颖的东西呢？00:47I propose we look to nature.我建议在大自然中找答案00:51Nature has been called the greatest architect of forms.大自然一向被称为是伟大的造型建筑师00:53And Im not saying that we
4、 should copy nature,Im notsaying we should mimic biology,instead I propose that wecan borrow natures processes.我意思不是去仿造大自然 也不是去模仿生物 而是借鉴大自然的方法00:57references:n.图情参考文献;参照;推荐信(reference的复数)/v.附以供参考;把引作参考(reference的三单形式)preconceptions:n.偏见(preconception的复数);先入之见;先前概念 unseen:adj.看不见的,未看见的;未经预习的/n.(事前未看过
5、原文的)即席翻译 intrigue:n.阴谋;诡计;复杂的事;私通/vt.用诡计取得;激起.的兴趣/vi.私通;密谋 delight:n.高兴/vi.高兴/vt.使高兴 go about:v.着手做;四处走动;传开;从事 mimic:vt.模仿,摹拟/n.效颦者,模仿者;仿制品;小丑/adj.模仿的,模拟的;假装的We can abstract them and to create something that is new.我们能取其精华然后创造出新的东西01:07Natures main process of creation,morphogenesis,is thesplitting o
6、f one cell into two cells.大自然的主要造物方法,所谓的形态建成 就是一个细胞分裂成两个01:11And these cells can either be identical,or they can bedistinct from each other through asymmetric cell division.这些细胞或者形态相同 或者通过不对称细胞分裂而彼此形态各异01:19If we abstract this process,and simplify it as much aspossible,then we could start with a sin
7、gle sheet of paper,onesurface,and we could make a fold and divide the surface intotwo surfaces.如果我们提取这个过程,并将它尽可能地简化 那么我们可以从一张纸开始入手 在一个面上我们对折使它形成两个面01:25Were free to choose where we make the fold.我们可以随意选择在哪对折01:37And by doing so,we can differentiate the surfaces.这样做后,我们就能制作不同的面01:39Through this very
8、simple process,we can create anastounding variety of forms.通过这一简单的过程,我们就能创造出无数种变化的造型01:44Now,we can take this form and use the same process togenerate three-dimensional structures,but rather thanfolding things by hand,well bring the structure into thecomputer,and code it as an algorithm.现在,我们用这种形式,用
9、相同的过程 来生成一个三维的结构 但不再是手工折叠 我们就在电脑里操作然后用运算法则写下代码01:49identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物 distinct from:vt.与不同 asymmetric:adj.不对称的;非对称的surfaces:n.表面;曲面(surface的复数)/v.使成平面(surface的第三人称单数形式)differentiate:vi.区分,区别/vt.区分,区别astounding:adj.令人震惊的;令人惊骇的 three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的 folding:adj.可折叠的And in do
10、ing so,we can suddenly fold anything.这样做的话,我们就能瞬间对折任何东西了02:02We can fold a million times faster,we can fold in hundredsand hundreds of variations.我们能将速度提升到一百万倍 我们能折出成千上万种变化02:05And as were seeking to make something three-dimensional,we start not with a single surface,but with a volume.正因为我们试图做出一些三维的
11、东西出来 我们没有从单一的平面入手,而是转向立方体02:10A simple volume,the cube.一个简单的立方体-正方形02:16If we take its surfaces and fold them again and again andagain and again,then after 16 iterations,16 steps,we end upwith 400,000 surfaces and a shape that looks,for instance,like this.如果我们将它的各平面对折 并且不断地对折 反复进行16次,16个步骤后,我们得到了400
12、,000个面,和一个这样的形状 比如说,像这样。02:17TED演讲者：Michael Hansmeyer|Michael Hansmeyer演讲标题：Michael Hansmeyer:Building unimaginable shapes|塑造不可思议内容概要：Michael Hansmeyer is an architect and programmer who explores the use ofalgorithms and computation to generate architectural form.受到了细胞分裂的启发，Michael Hansmeyer写下了拥有惊人艳
13、丽的造型和无数刻面的设计运算法则。没人能将他们手绘出来，但他们确是可以被做出来-他们也可以向常规的建筑形态掀起思想狂潮。And if we change where we make the folds,if we change thefolding ratio,then this cube turns into this one.如果我们改变一下对折的地方 如果我们改变下对折的比率 那么这个立方体就会变成这样02:30We can change the folding ratio again to produce this shape,or this shape.我们还能通过调节对折比率做出这
14、种造型,或这种02:38So we exert control over the form by specifying the positionof where were making the fold,but essentially yourelooking at a folded cube.所以我们能通过指定对折的位置 从而对造型进行控制 但事实上你们看到的只是一个经过折叠的立方体02:44variations:n.变奏曲,变更;生物变种(variation的复数形式)again and again:adv.再三地,反复地 folds:n.皱褶;折痕(fold的复数形式)/vt.折叠;包(
15、fold的三单形式);交叠;合拢 specifying:n.说明/v.指定;具体说明(specify的ing形式)folded:v.折叠;交叉合拢;失败垮台;把牲畜关在栏中(fold的过去分词)/adj.折叠的;褶曲的And we can play with this.我们也能这样做02:54We can apply different folding ratios to different parts of theform to create local conditions.我们可以对不同的部位采用不同的对折比率 从而调节出不同部位的特色02:55We can begin to sculp
16、t the form.我们就能开始进行造型了03:00And because were doing the folding on the computer,weare completely free of any physical constraints.由于这些对折是在电脑上进行的 所以我们完全不收任何物理禁锢03:02So that means that surfaces can intersect themselves,theycan become impossibly small.这也意味着这些面能相互交叉 也能变得极其的微小03:09We can make folds that we
17、 otherwise could not make.我们能摆脱常规进行折叠03:13Surfaces can become porous.表面可以变得多孔03:17They can stretch.They can tear.可以延伸,也可以撕扯03:19And all of this expounds the scope of forms that we canproduce.所有的这一切都证明了我们造型的范围03:22But in each case,I didnt design the form.但在每个实例中,我并没对造型进行设计。03:26I designed the process
18、 that generated the form.我只是设计了创造造型的过程03:29ratios:n.比率(ratio的复数);比例/v.以比率表示;按比例放大或缩小(ratio的第三人称单数)sculpt:vt.造型;雕刻/vi.造型;雕刻/n.雕刻品 free of:adj.无的;摆脱的;在外面 constraints:n.数约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式)intersect:vi.相交,交叉/vt.横断,横切;贯穿 impossibly:adv.不可能地;难以置信地;无法可想地 porous:adj.多孔渗水的;能渗透的;有气孔的 generated:adj.生成
19、的;发生的/v.(使)产生(generate的过去分词)In general,if we make a small change to the folding ratio,which is what youre seeing here,then the form changescorrespondingly.总之,哪怕我们对对折比例做出小小的调整 正如你目前所见到的 这个造型也会相应做出改变03:34But thats only half of the story-99.9 percent of the foldingratios produce not this,but this,the g
20、eometric equivalent ofnoise.但故事到这里只不过才进行了一半 99.9%的对折比例产生的不是这种形态,而是这种形态,在几何学上等同于噪音03:43The forms that I showed before were made actually throughvery long trial and error.那些我刚展示的造型 其实是经过了长时间的试验和挫折03:55A far more effective way to create forms,I have found,is touse information that is already contained
21、in forms.进行造型时,我发现了一种效率极高的方式 就是利用已经包含在造型里的信息03:59A very simple form such as this one actually contains a lot ofinformation that may not be visible to the human eye.在一个简单的造型里,比方这个 它就包含了很多我们肉眼看不到的信息04:06So,for instance,we can plot the length of the edges.所以,我们可以标绘出边缘的长度04:12White surfaces have long ed
22、ges,black ones have short ones.白色表面的边缘较长,黑色的则较短04:14We can plot the planarity of the surfaces,their curvature,how radial they are-all information that may not beinstantly visible to you,but that we can bring out,that wecan articulate,and that we can use to control the folding.我们能标绘出这些面的平面度和曲率 它们有多放射
23、状-所有的这些信息 不一定立马就能被你看到但我们能发现它,我们能将之描述出来 我们能运用这些信息来控制如何折叠04:18In general:总之,通常;一般而言 correspondingly:adv.相应地,相对地 geometric:adj.几何学的;数几何学图形的equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的/n.等价物,相等物 curvature:n.弯曲,数曲率 radial:adj.半径的;放射状的;光线的;光线状的/n.射线,光线 bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出 articulate:vt.清晰地发(音);明确有力地表达/vi.发音;清楚地讲话;用关节连接
24、起来/adj.发音清晰的;口才好的;有关节的So now Im not specifying a single ratio anymore to fold it,but instead Im establishing a rule,Im establishing a linkbetween a property of a surface and how that surface isfolded.所以我不再指定一个 单一的折叠率进行对折 相反,我确立了一个规则 我将一个面的属性和它怎样被折叠 给联系起来04:33And because Ive designed the process and
25、not the form,Ican run the process again and again and again to produce awhole family of forms.也正因为我设计的是方法而非造型 所以我能够一次又一次地使用这种方法 以此得到一个族系的造型04:45These forms look elaborate,but the process is a very minimalone.这些造型看起来很精细,但制作的方法却很简单05:05There is a simple input,its always a cube that I start with,and it
26、s a very simple operation-its making a fold,and一个简单的输入 我一直都从立方体着手 而且操作也简单-就对折 不断对折05:10and its a very simple operation-its making a fold,anddoing this over and over again.www.XiYuS锡育软件So lets bring this process to architecture.所以我们不妨将这个过程引入建筑学05:20How?And at what scale?怎么做？以什么准则？05:23I chose to desi
27、gn a column.我决定设计一根柱子05:24Columns are architectural archetypes.柱子是建筑的基模05:26Theyve been used throughout history to express idealsabout beauty,about technology.纵观历史,柱子被用来表达 美感,科技05:29establishing:v.建立;确立(establish的ing形式)elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的/vt.精心制作;详细阐述;从简单成分合成(复杂有机物)/vi.详细描述;变复杂 minimal:adj
28、.最低的；最小限度的 over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地 Columns:塔器 architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的 archetypes:n.生物原型(archetyp的复数形式);基模A challenge to me was how we could express this newalgorithmic order in a column.我遇到的挑战是我们要怎样 在柱子表达这些新的算法05:38I started using four cylinders.我一开始用了四根圆柱体05:43Through a lot of
29、experimentation,these cylinders eventuallyevolved into this.通过大量的试验,这些圆柱体 最终进化成这个样子05:46And these columns,they have information at very manyscales.而且这些柱子蕴含信息的范围很广05:53We can begin to zoom into them.我们放大来看05:57The closer one gets,the more new features one discovers.你越靠近,就会越发现新特点06:00Some formations a
30、re almost at the threshold of humanvisibility.一些构造几乎就要超出人类的视觉范围06:03And unlike traditional architecture,its a single process thatcreates both the overall form and the microscopic surfacedetail.这不像传统的建筑学 它只需一个简单的方法就能同时获得 整体的造型和显微的表面细节06:07These forms are undrawable.这些造型是画不出来的06:17An architect whos dr
31、awing them with a pen and a paperwould probably take months,or it would take even a year todraw all the sections,all of the elevations,you can onlycreate something like this through an algorithm.建筑师如果想用笔和纸把他们画出来 可能要画上好几个月 想把各个部分,各个正面图都画出来 甚至得画上一年,你只能通过 运算法则得到这些东西06:20cylinders:n.汽缸;圆筒(cylinder的复数);数
32、圆柱体 scales:n.天平;磅秤;鳞屑;缩放 formations:n.形成(formation的复数形式);形态;队形 threshold:n.入口;门槛;开始;极限;临界值 microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的 elevations:n.海拔高度(elevation的复数);高举步The more interesting question,perhaps,is,are these formsimaginable?更有趣的问题,也许是 这些造型是可以想象出来的吗？06:32Usually,an architect can somehow envision the end
33、 state ofwhat he is designing.大多数情况,建筑师都能在脑海里浮现自己所设计的 最终效果图06:36In this case,the process is deterministic.而在这种情况下,起决定作用的是那个过程06:41Theres no randomness involved at all,but its not entirelypredictable.毫无随意性的存在 也非完全可预见06:44Theres too many surfaces,theres too much detail,one cantsee the end state.有太多太多的
34、平面 有太多的细节,谁也看不到最终效果06:48So this leads to a new role for the architect.这也就赋予了建筑师新的角色06:53One needs a new method to explore all of the possibilitiesthat are out there.他们需要一种新方法去探索各种可能性 而它们就在那里06:57For one thing,one can design many variants of a form,inparallel,and one can cultivate them.一方面,建筑师可以设计出一个
35、造型的不同变体 同时,他又可以让它们发展出其他的形态07:02And to go back to the analogy with nature,one can begin tothink in terms of populations,one can talk aboutpermutations,about generations,about crossing andbreeding to come up with a design.当回到利用大自然进行类比时 建筑师可以参照种群进行思考 他们可以从种群的变换,世代 相交和繁衍中寻找创意07:07imaginable:adj.可能的;可想像的
36、 envision:vt.想象;预想 deterministic:adj.确定性的;命运注定论的 predictable:adj.可预言的 For one thing:首先;一则 variants:n.计变体;变异型(variant的复数)cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作 analogy:n.类比；类推；类似 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 permutations:n.数排列(permutation的复数)breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生/v.生产;培育;使繁殖(breed的ing形式)come up with:提出;想出;赶上And the arc
37、hitect is really,he moves into the position ofbeing an orchestrator of all of these processes.而且建筑师真的变身为 整个创作过程的管弦乐演奏家07:21But enough of the theory.理论说的足够多了07:26At one point I simply wanted to jump inside this image,so tosay,I bought these red and blue 3D glasses,got up veryclose to the screen,but s
38、till that wasnt the same as being我曾一度想跳进这个画面中 打个比方,我买了些红蓝3D眼镜 凑到屏幕前去看 依然得不到那种 漫步其中亲密接触的感觉07:29close to the screen,but still that wasnt the same as beingable to walk around and touch things.So there was only one possibility-to bring the column outof the computer.所以就只有一种做法 把它从电脑里带到现实中来07:42Theres been
39、 a lot of talk now about 3D printing.其实现在有很多3D印刷的理论07:47For me,or for my purpose at this moment,theres still toomuch of an unfavorable tradeoff between scale,on the onehand,and resolution and speed,on the other.但对我来说,或就我目前的想法而言,依旧是有太多在比例上不尽人意的权衡 一方面,是比例,另一方面,则是分辨率和速率07:50So instead,we decided to tak
40、e the column,and we decidedto build it as a layered model,made out of very many slices,thinly stacked over each other.所以,我们决定把柱子 以层级模式给做出来 以多切割,薄层叠的方式展现出来08:03so to say:可以这么说 unfavorable:adj.不宜的;令人不快的;不顺利的 tradeoff:n.权衡;折衷;(公平)交易(等于trade-off)onthe one hand:一方面 layered:adj.分层的;层状的/v.分层堆积;用压条法培植(layer
41、的过去分词)slices:n.切片,切割(slice的复数形式)/v.切成薄片(slice的三单形式)thinly:adv.薄;稀疏地;细;瘦 stacked:adj.妖艳的;(女人)身材丰满匀称的/v.堆放(stack的过去分词)What youre looking at here is an X-ray of the column thatyou just saw,viewed from the top.你们目前看到的是刚刚那个柱子 的x射线图,从上往下看的08:12Unbeknownst to me at the time,because we had only seenthe outs
42、ide,the surfaces were continuing to fold themselves,to grow on the inside of the column,which was quite asurprising discovery.我当时感到很新颖 因为以前都是从外面去看 那些面还在不停地对折 而且是在柱子的内部对折 这个发现是个惊喜08:17From this shape,we calculated a cutting line,and then wegave this cutting line to a laser cutter to produce-andyoure
43、seeing a segment of it here-very many thin slices,individually cut,on top of each other.从这个模型中我们算出了一条切割线 然后我们用激光切割机进行切割 从而制造-你现在看到的是一个部分 有很多相互堆积而成的很薄的切面08:28And this is a photo now,its not a rendering,and the columnthat we ended up with after a lot of work,ended up lookingremarkably like the one tha
44、t we had designed in thecomputer.这是一张照片,不是绘制出来的 在付出很多心血后,我们得到了这个振奋人心的柱子 就如同我们在电脑中设计的一样08:45Almost all of the details,almost all of the surface intricacieswere preserved.几乎所以的细节 几乎所有的复杂平面都得以保留08:57But it was very labor intensive.但这相当地耗费劳动力09:05viewed:n.观察;视野;意见;风景/vt.观察;考虑;查看 Unbeknownst:adv.不知地/adj.
45、不知的 grow on:加深影响;引起爱好cutter:n.刀具,切割机;切割者;裁剪者 individually:adv.个别地,单独地 rendering:n.翻译;表现;表演;描写;打底;(建筑物等)透视图/vt.致使;表演;打底(render的ing形式)/vi.给予补偿(render的ing形式)intricacies:n.纷繁难懂之处;错综复杂的事物preserved:adj.保藏的;腌制的;喝醉的Theres a huge disconnect at the moment still between thevirtual and the physical.目前,虚拟空间和物理存在
46、之间 仍存在巨大的断层09:07It took me several months to design the column,butultimately it takes the computer about 30 seconds tocalculate all of the 16 million faces.我们花了好几个月去塑造这根柱子 而运算这个1600万个表面 电脑只需简单的30秒就搞定09:12The physical model,on the other hand,is 2,700 layers,onemillimeter thick,it weighs 700 kilos,its
47、 made of sheet thatcan cover this entire auditorium.另一方面,这个实体模型 有2700层1毫米厚的叠层重约700公斤,是用可以覆盖这整个礼堂 的薄板做成的09:20And the cutting path that the laser followed goes from hereto the airport and back again.激光所切割出来的路径 够从这里到机场一个来回09:32But it is increasingly possible.但这一切变得越来越有希望09:39Machines are getting faster
48、,its getting less expensive,andtheres some promising technological developments just onthe horizon.机器不断地在加速,价格也不断地在下降 一些有希望有前途的高科技发展 也即将面世09:41These are images from the Gwangju Biennale.这些是光州艺术展上的图片09:48And in this case,I used ABS plastic to produce the columns,we used the bigger,faster machine,and
49、they have a steelcore inside,so theyre structural,they can bear loads foronce.在那里,我用了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料来做原料 我们采用了更大更快的机器 柱子中心都内置钢铁核心,所以不单有结构性 还能负重09:51disconnect:vt.拆开,使分离/vi.断开 on the other hand:另一方面 millimeter:n.计量毫米 kilos:n.公斤;千克auditorium:n.礼堂,会堂;观众席 structural:adj.结构的;建筑的 loads:n.电负载,电负荷(load的复数);货载
50、量/v.负担;装货(load的第三人称单数)Each column is effectively a hybrid of two columns.每根柱子都是两根柱子的混合体10:03You can see a different column in the mirror,if theres amirror behind the column that creates a sort of an opticalillusion.你能在镜子中看到不同的柱子 这些柱子后面的镜子 能产生一种视觉错觉的效果10:05So where does this leave us?这些都说明什么呢？10:13I