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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件This is a map of New York State that was made in 1937 bythe General Drafting Company.这是一张纽约州的地图,由通用制图公司在1937年绘制。00:13Its an extremely famous map among cartography nerds,because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains,there is a little town called Roscoe-这张地图在地图发烧友中非常有名,因为在卡兹奇山
2、山脚下,有一个叫罗斯克的小镇,00:18actually,this will go easier if I just put it up here-TheresRoscoe,and then right above Roscoe is Rockland,New York,and then right above that is the tiny town of Agloe,NewYork.还是放在大屏幕上看得比较清楚。这是罗斯克,它的北边是纽约州的罗克兰县,再往北是纽约州的另一个小镇叫阿格罗。00:26Agloe,New York,is very famous to cartographers
3、,becauseits a paper town.纽约州的阿格罗,在地图发烧友中非常有名,因为它并不存在。00:36Its also known as a copyright trap.它也被称为“版权陷阱”。00:42Mapmakers-because my map of New York and your mapof New York are going to look very similar,on account of theshape of New York-often,mapmakers will insert fakeplaces onto their maps,in order
4、 to protect their copyright.因为纽约州的形状,不同制图人绘制的纽约州地图,看上去都很像 所以制图人经常会在自己的地图里加上几个不存在的地方,为的是保护自己的版权。00:44Because then,if my fake place shows up on your map,I canbe well and truly sure that you have robbed me.因为如果这些假的地名出现在你的地图上,我就能确信你盗了我的版。00:57Drafting:n.起草;制图;拖拽/v.起草;挑选;脱去(draft的ing形式)cartography:n.地图制作
5、,制图;制图学,绘图法 nerds:n.书呆子;网虫;讨厌鬼(nerd的复数)cartographers:n.制图师;地图制作者 Mapmakers:n.制图师;地图制作者Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials of the two guys whomade this map,Ernest Alpers and Otto G.Lindberg,andthey released this map in 1937.阿格罗实际上是这幅地图的两名绘制者名字首字母相拼得来的,欧内斯特阿尔帕斯和奥托G林德伯格,他们在1937年发布了这版地图。01:04Decad
6、es later,Rand McNally releases a map with Agloe,NewYork,on it,at the same exact intersection of two dirt roads inthe middle of nowhere.几十年后,兰德麦克纳利出版了一份地图,他的地图上也有纽约州阿格罗这个地方,而且位置都一样,在两条并不存在的道路的交汇处。01:15Well,you can imagine the delight over at General Drafting.可以想象,通用制图（知道这个消息后）有多欢乐。01:26They immediate
7、ly call Rand McNally,and they say,Wevecaught you!We made Agloe,New York,up.他们立刻打电话给兰德麦克纳利,说,“抓到你啦！纽约州阿格罗是我们编出来的。01:29It is a fake place.Its a paper town.这地方纯属虚构,并不存在。01:36Were going to sue your pants off!我们要告得你倾家荡产！”01:38And Rand McNally says,No,no,no,no,Agloe is real.但兰德麦克纳利说,“不,不,不,阿格罗是存在的。”01:41B
8、ecause people kept going to that intersection of two dirtroads-因为人们不断地前往那两条道路的交汇处,01:46(Laughter)in the middle of nowhere,expecting there to be aplace called Agloe-someone built a place called Agloe,New York.（笑声）希望在那个并不存在的地方,找到一个叫阿格罗的地方 结果真有人建了一个地方叫“纽约州阿格罗”。01:51initials:n.首字母;缩写;姓名中的大写字母(initial的复数
9、)Otto:n.玫瑰油 Rand:n.兰特(南非的货币单位);边缘;垫皮,衬底(鞋后根与鞋底中间的)intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点 delight:n.高兴/vi.高兴/vt.使高兴(Laughter)It had a gas station,a general store,two houses atits peak.（笑声）那儿有一个加油站,一个百货商店,山顶还有两座房子。02:00(Laughter)And this is of course a completely irresistiblemetaphor to a novelist,because we w
10、ould all like to believethat the stuff that we write down on paper（笑声）这对小说家而言具有非常重要的象征意义,因为我们都愿意相信我们写下的东西02:04can change the actual world in which were actually living,which is why my third book is called Paper Towns.能够改变我们生活的这个世界,所以我将我的第三本小说命名为纸镇。02:16But what interests me ultimately more than the
11、medium inwhich this happened,is the phenomenon itself.但其实让我更感兴趣的并不是这件事是如何发生的,而是这种现象本身。02:21Its easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of theworld,right?大家很容易会想到,世界地图是由世界的形状决定的,对吗？02:29TED演讲者：John Green|约翰.格林演讲标题：The nerd.s guide to learning everything online|书呆子在线学习指南内容概要：Some of us learn
12、 best in the classroom,and some of us.well,we don.t.But we stilllove to learn we just need to find the way that works for us.In this charming,personal talk,author John Green shares the community of learning that he found in online video.我们中的一些人是班里的学霸，也有些人是学渣。但是学渣也热爱学习，也想了解世界上的新事物和锻炼自己的思维。我们只不过需要找到一个
13、适合学习的地点，和一群志同道合的人。在这次精彩的演讲中，作家约翰.格林与我们分享了他在网络视频中发现的学习乐园。Like the overall shape of the world is obviously going toaffect our maps.也就是说世界是什么样,我们的地图就是什么样。02:33But what I find a lot more interesting is the way that themanner in which we map the world changes the world.但我发现更有意思的是,我们制作地图的方式反过来也会改变世界的样子。02
14、:38Because the world would truly be a different place if Northwere down.因为我们（印象中）的世界将会是另一个样子,如果（地图的）下方是北。02:45And the world would be a truly different place if Alaska andRussia werent on opposite sides of the map.我们（印象中）的世界将会是另一个样子,如果我们不把阿拉斯加和俄罗斯放在一起,隔海相望。02:50irresistible:adj.不可抵抗的;不能压制的;极为诱人的 meta
15、phor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法 novelist:n.小说家 write down:写下;减低帐面价值;把描写成And the world would be a different place if we projectedEurope to show it in its actual size.我们（印象中）的世界将会是另一个样子,如果我们按照欧洲的真实比例来制作地图的话。02:55The world is changed by our maps of the world.我们（制作）的世界地图改变了世界。03:01The way that we choose-sort of,our p
16、ersonal cartographicenterprise,also shapes the map of our lives,and that in turnshapes our lives.而我们选择的（人生）道路就好比我们私人的地图制作公司,绘制了我们人生的地图,它反过来会影响我们的人生。03:06I believe that what we map changes the life we lead.我相信我们为自己绘制的地图,能改变我们的人生。03:16And I dont mean that in some,like,secret-y Oprahs Angelsnetwork,lik
17、e,you-can-think-your-way-out-of-cancer sense.我说的并不是类似神秘的“奥普拉天使网络”计划,或者“人定胜天”之类的心灵鸡汤。03:20But I do believe that while maps dont show you where youwill go in your life,they show you where you might go.但我确信一点,尽管地图不能预测你的人生将走向何处,但它至少能显示出一些可能性。03:28You very rarely go to a place that isnt on your personal
18、map.因为你不太可能去一个你个人地图上都没有的地方。03:36So I was a really terrible student when I was a kid.我小时候是一个非常糟糕的学生。03:41My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.我的平均绩点一直只有2分出头。03:44And I think the reason that I was such a terrible student isthat I felt like education was just a series of hurdles that hadbeen erected b
19、efore me,and I had to jump over in order toachieve adulthood.而我认为原因在于,当时我觉得学校教育就像挡在我面前的 一个个障碍物,我需要一个接一个地跨越它们才能成年。03:48projected:adj.投影的,投射/v.投射(project的过去分词);计划 cartographic:adj.地图的;制图的 consistently:adv.一贯地;一致地;坚实地 hurdles:n.障碍;跨栏;跨栏跑;障碍赛跑(hurdle的复数)erected:adj.直立的;正立的/vt.建立;竖立(erect的过去分词)adulthood:
20、n.成年;成人期And I didnt really want to jump over these hurdles,becausethey seemed completely arbitrary,so I often wouldnt,andthen people would threaten me,you know,theyd threatenme with this going on my permanent record,而我真是不愿意去跨越这些障碍,因为在我看来教育常常是武断的,所以我经常放弃,然后就会有各种人出来威胁我,他们对我甩狠话,“你的成绩会一直记在你的档案里,”04:00or
21、 Youll never get a good job.或者是“你永远找不到一份好工作。”04:10I didnt want a good job!我压根就不想找一份好工作好吗！04:13As far as I could tell at eleven or twelve years old,like,peoplewith good jobs woke up very early in the morning,我在十一、二岁的时候就明白,那些有好工作的人起得比鸟还早,04:15(Laughter)and the men who had good jobs,one of the firstthi
22、ngs they did was tie a strangulation item of clothingaround their necks.（笑声）而他们每天早上做的第一件事 就是把一根布条紧紧缠在自己脖子上。04:20They literally put nooses on themselves,and then they wentoff to their jobs,whatever they were.简直就是给自己套绞索,然后他们出发去上班,鬼知道那工作是什么。04:31Thats not a recipe for a happy life.这不是幸福生活该有的样子。04:37The
23、se people-in my,symbol-obsessed,twelve year-oldimagination-these people who are strangling themselvesas one of the first things they do each morning,they cantpossibly be happy.这些人在我这个痴迷符号的、十二岁小孩的想象中 这些每天早上做的第一件事 就是给自己套上绞索的人,他们怎么可能开心呢。04:39arbitrary:adj.数任意的；武断的；专制的 strangulation:n.医绞窄;勒杀;钳制;压缩 necks
24、:n.脖子(neck的复数形式)nooses:n.套索;束缚;绞刑/vt.用套索捉;使落入圈套 strangling:节流;扼死;抑制Why would I want to jump over all of these hurdles and havethat be the end?我怎么会愿意跨过重重障碍,最后落得跟他们一样的下场呢？04:50Thats a terrible end!这下场太悲哀了！04:55And then,when I was in tenth grade,I went to this school,Indian Springs School,a small board
25、ing school,outside ofBirmingham,Alabama.后来,在我十年级的时候,我转学了,我转到了一家名叫“印第安泉”的小型寄宿学校,位于阿拉巴马州伯明翰市郊区。04:57And all at once I became a learner.一夜之间我就成了个好学的人。05:05And I became a learner,because I found myself in acommunity of learners.之所以有这种变化,是因为 我加入了一个学习社团。05:08I found myself surrounded by people who celebra
26、tedintellectualism and engagement,and who thought that myironic oh-so-cool disengagement wasnt clever,or funny,我周围的人 全都信奉理智主义,喜欢与人交流,他们觉得我那种自以为很酷的逃避学习的行为 既不聪明,也很无聊,05:13but,like,it was a simple and unspectacular response to verycomplicated and compelling problems.仅仅只是一种在面对复杂而又无法逃避的问题时所采取的简单而不成熟的应对方式
27、。05:24www.XiYuS锡育软件And so I started to learn,because learning was cool.于是我也开始学习,因为学习这事儿变酷了。05:30I learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinitesets,and I learned that iambic pentameter is and why itsounds so good to human ears.我明白了无限集合也有大小之分,我明白了什么是抑扬格五音步诗,还有它为什么听起来那么悦耳。05:33outside
28、 of:在的外面;超出的范围 all at once:突然 intellectualism:n.理智主义,知性主义 ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的disengagement:n.脱离;分开 unspectacular:adj.不引人注意的;普通的 compelling:adj.引人注目的;强制的;激发兴趣的/v.强迫;以强力获得(compel的ing形式)iambic:adj.抑扬格的;短长格的/n.抑扬格;短长格 pentameter:n.五步格诗/adj.有五音步的I learned that the Civil War was a nationalizing conflict,Il
29、earned some physics,I learned that correlation shouldnt beconfused with causation-all of these things,by the way,enriched my life on a literally daily basis.我明白了南北战争实际上是民族冲突,我还学了点物理,明白了相关不蕴含因果,所有这些知识,让我的生活日渐丰富多彩。05:40And its true that I dont use most of them for my job,而这些知识中的大部分跟我的工作没有任何关系,05:54but
30、 thats not what its about for me.其实我想说的并不是我自己,05:58Its about cartography.而是如何绘制地图。06:00What is the process of cartography?地图是怎么绘制出来的呢？06:02Its,you know,sailing upon some land,and thinking,I thinkIll draw that bit of land,大体上,你航行到某一块陆地上,想着“我要把这块陆地画下来,”06:04and then wondering,Maybe theres some more la
31、nd todraw.然后你就会想,“也许还有其他陆地可以画。”06:09And thats when learning really began for me.我的学习就是从那时才真正开始的。06:13Its true that I had teachers that didnt give up on me,and Iwas very fortunate to have those teachers,because I oftengave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me.我的确遇到了没有放弃我的老师,能遇到他们是我
32、的幸运,因为我常常会让老师们觉得在我身上浪费时间很不值。06:15Civil War:内战 nationalizing:vt.使国有化;使民族化;使归化;使成国家 correlation:n.数相关,关联;相互关系 causation:n.原因;因果关系;出现 enriched:adj.浓缩的;强化的/v.使丰富;充实;浓缩(enrich的过去分词)sailing:n.航行,航海;启航;航海术/adj.航行的/v.航行,起航(sail的现在分词形式)But a lot of the learning that I did in high school wasnt aboutwhat happe
33、ned inside the classroom,it was about whathappened outside of the classroom.然而我高中时期学习的大部分过程,并没有发生在课堂上,而是在放学后。06:24For instance,I can tell you that Theres a certain Slant oflight,Winter Afternoons-That oppresses,like the Heft OfCathedral Tunes-举个例子,我能背诵“冬日午后的阳光,以特定角度穿堂 那沉重的压迫啊,似教堂圣歌在胸膛”06:33not becau
34、se I memorized Emily Dickinson in school when Iwas in high school,but because there was a girl when I was inhigh school,and her name was Amanda,and I had a crush onher,and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.并不是因为我在高中课堂上 背熟了埃米莉迪更生的诗,而是因为我高中班上有个女孩,名叫阿曼达,我很喜欢她,而她喜欢埃米莉迪更生的诗。06:40The reason I can tell you
35、what opportunity cost is,is becauseone day when I was playing Super Mario Kart on my couch,my friend Emmet walked in,and he said,How long have youbeen playing Super Mario Kart?而我知道什么是“机会成本”,是因为 有一天我躺在沙发上玩“超级玛丽赛车”,我的朋友艾米特走进来说,“你在这玩 超级玛丽赛车 多久了？”06:52And I said,I dont know,like,six hours?and he said,Do
36、you realize that if youd worked at Baskin-Robbins those sixhours,you could have made 30 dollars,so in some ways,youjust paid thirty dollars to play Super Mario Kart.我说,“记不得了,也许,6个小时？”他说,“你知道吗,你要是在Baskin-Robbins冰激凌店打工6小时的话,你已经挣了30美元了,也就是说,你花了30美元来玩 超级玛丽赛车。”07:03Slant:n.倾斜;观点;偏见/vi.倾斜;有倾向/vt.使倾斜;使倾向于/
37、adj.倾斜的;有偏见的 Afternoons:adv.每天下午/n.下午(afternoon的复数)oppresses:vt.压迫,压抑;使烦恼;使感到沉重 Heft:n.重量;重要性/vt.举起;举起试重量/vi.称重量Cathedral:n.大教堂 Tunes:调整/协调 memorized:记住(memorize的过去式和过去分词)Kart:n.(美)小型赛车 Emmet:n.蚂蚁(英国方言,古语)And I was,like,Ill take that deal.而我说,“很便宜啊。”07:15(Laughter)But I learned what opportunity cost
38、 is.（笑声）但（通过这件事）我学会了什么是“机会成本”。07:17And along the way,the map of my life got better.就这样,我人生的地图慢慢完整起来。07:25It got bigger;it contained more places.版图不断扩大,地方也不断增多。07:28There were more things that might happen,more futures I可能性越来越多,我的未来选择也越来越多。07:31There were more things that might happen,more futures Im
39、ight have.07:31It wasnt a formal,organized learning process,and Im happyto admit that.当然这不是正规的,有条理的学习过程,我对此毫不避讳。07:36It was spotty,it was inconsistent,there was a lot I didntknow.这个过程断断续续,有时还前后矛盾,很多事情我也没彻底弄明白。07:41I might know,you know,Cantors idea that some infinite setsare larger than other infini
40、te sets,but I didnt reallyunderstand the calculus behind that idea.比如说,我可能知道康托尔的理论,无限集合也有大小之分,但支持这个理论的微积分我就完全不懂。07:44I might know the idea of opportunity cost,but I didnt knowthe law of diminishing returns.我也许明白“机会成本”这个概念,但是我不懂收益递减法则。07:52But the great thing about imagining learning as cartography,i
41、nstead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles that you have tojump over,is that you see a bit of coastline,and that makesyou want to see more.但将学习想象成绘制地图,而不是想象成一系列障碍,需要你一个个去跨越,好处就在于,你能看见一点点海岸线,这让你想更进一步,发现更多的东西。07:57spotty:adj.发疹的;多斑点的;质量不一的 inconsistent:adj.不一致的;前后矛盾的 Cantor:n.合唱指挥家;独唱者 calculus:n.病理结
42、石;微积分学 diminishing:v.减少;递减;衰减;削弱的权势(diminish的现在分词)/adj.逐渐缩小的;衰减的coastline:n.海岸线And so now I do know at least some of the calculus thatunderlies all of that stuff.所以我现在至少了解了微积分中 最最基础的知识。08:07So,I had one learning community in high school,then I wentto another for college,and then I went to another,wh
43、en Istarted working at a magazine called Booklist,因此我在高中加入了 一个学习社团,然后在大学加入了另一个,工作后又加入另一个,当时我刚刚开始在一家名为书单的杂志社工作,08:11where I was an assistant,surrounded by astonishingly well-read people.职务是助理,身边是一群热爱读书的朋友。08:19And then I wrote a book.之后我写了一本书。08:23And like all authors dream of doing,I promptly quit m
44、y job.就像所有作家梦想的一样,我迅速辞职了。08:24(Laughter)And for the first time since high school,I foundmyself without a learning community,and it was miserable.（笑声）这是我自高中以来,第一次脱离了学习社团,这很痛苦。08:29I hated it.我很不爽。08:37I read many,many books during this two-year period.在这两年期间,我读了很多书。08:38I read books about Stalin,and
45、books about how the Uzbekpeople came to identify as Muslims,and I read books abouthow to make atomic bombs,but it just felt like I was creatingmy own hurdles,有关于斯大林的,关于乌兹别克斯坦人民是怎么被视为穆斯林的,甚至还有关于怎么制造原子弹的,但我的感觉并不好,像是给自己制造了障碍,08:42and then jumping over them myself,instead of feeling theexcitement of bei
46、ng part of a community of learners,acommunity of people who are engaged together in thecartographic enterprise of trying to better understand andmap the world around us.然后还要自己跨过去,我完全感受不到 身处学习社团里时的那种兴奋,当时的我们就像一群地图发烧友,聚集在地图制作公司,试图更好地理解和描绘我们所处的世界。08:52underlies:vt.成为的基础;位于之下 astonishingly:adv.令人惊讶地 wel
47、l-read:adj.博学的 promptly:adv.迅速地;立即地;敏捷地And then,in 2006,I met that guy.然后,在2006年,我遇见了这个家伙。09:06His name is Ze Frank.他叫泽弗兰克。09:10I didnt actually meet him,just on the Internet.其实我们没有真正见面,只是在网上。09:11Ze Frank was running,at the time,a show called The Showwith Ze Frank,当时他在做一个名叫“泽弗兰克秀”的节目,09:14and I dis
48、covered the show,and that was my way back intobeing a community learner again.我发现了这个节目,从此我便回归了学习社团。09:19Heres Ze talking about Las Vegas:下面是泽弗兰克在介绍拉斯维加斯:09:24(Video)Ze Frank:Las Vegas was built in the middle of a huge,hot desert.（视频）泽弗兰克:拉斯维加斯建于一片广阔炎热的沙漠中心。09:27Almost everything here was brought fro
49、m somewhere else-the sort of rocks,the trees,the waterfalls.这里的一切几乎都是从别处运来的 像这些岩石,树木,瀑布。09:31These fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew.这些鱼出现在这儿,就像猪会飞一样奇怪。09:36Contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds thisplace,so are these people.这一切与周围酷热的沙漠形成了鲜明的对比,这里的人也一样。09:39Things from
50、all over the world have been rebuilt here,awayfrom their histories,and away from the people thatexperience them differently.世界各地的景观在这里重建,失去了历史的沉淀,人们对它们的感受变得单一。09:43waterfalls:n.水文瀑布;悬瀑(waterfall的复数形式)out of place:adj.不合适的;不相称的;不在适当的位置 Contrasted:比较/对比 scorching:adj.灼热的;激烈的;讽刺的;过早硫化的/v.把烧焦;严厉批评;切割;过早